Repository Public Research preview
1\documentclass[12pt]{article}2\usepackage{booktabs}3\usepackage{graphicx}4\usepackage{natbib}5\title{Remote Work and Output: Evidence from a Firm Survey}6\author{A. Researcher}7\begin{document}8\maketitle910\begin{abstract}11We study how remote work relates to individual output using a cross-sectional survey of 1,250 participants in 38 firms.12Employees who work remotely at least three days a week report output that is 14.2\% higher than that of comparable office workers.13The gap is larger for employees with long tenure and it does not depend on the measure of output.14\end{abstract}1516\section{Introduction}17\label{sec:intro}18Remote work expanded quickly over the last decade \citep{alpha2015, beta2020a}.19Earlier studies disagree on whether it raises output \citep{ghostkey2019}.20We are the first to measure output with administrative records in this setting.21Section~\ref{sec:data} describes the survey and Section~\ref{sec:results} reports the estimates.2223\section{Data}24\label{sec:data}25The survey was fielded in 2023 by a professional polling company (PPC).26Our sample includes 1,250 participants from 38 firms, and the response rate was 61\%.27Among them, 412 of 1,250 respondents (38.0\%) work remotely at least three days a week.28Table~\ref{tab:summary} reports summary statistics, and Table~\ref{tab:missing} lists the variables.29Output is measured in tasks completed per week, following \citet{gamma2021} and \cite{}.30% TODO: describe the weighting scheme31We estimate the model by OLS and compute bootstrap standard errors in Stata.3233\begin{table}[t]34\caption{Summary statistics}35\label{tab:summary}36\begin{tabular}{lcc}37\toprule38Variable & Mean & SD \\39\midrule40Output (tasks per week) & 41.3 & 9.8 \\41Tenure (years) & 6.2 & 4.1 & 0.3 \\42Remote share & 0.33 & 0.47 \\43\bottomrule44\end{tabular}45\par\footnotesize Notes: The sample includes all respondents.46\end{table}4748\begin{figure}[t]49\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{timeline.pdf}50\caption{Survey timeline}51\label{fig:timeline}52\end{figure}5354\section{Empirical Strategy}55\label{sec:data}56We estimate57\begin{equation}58y_i = \alpha + \beta R_i + \gamma X_i + \varepsilon_i ,59\label{eq:main}60\end{equation}61where $y_i$ is log output, $R_i$ indicates remote work and $X_i$ collects controls.62Equation~\ref{eq:main} is estimated with firm fixed effects.63\begin{equation}64\hat{\beta} = (R'MR)^{-1} R'My65\label{eq:unused}66\end{equation}6768\subsubsection{Controls}69The controls are age, tenure and occupation, measured at the time of the survey.7071\input{sections/results}7273\section{Discussion}7475\section{Conclusion}76Remote work goes together with higher output in this survey \citep{beta2020b, delta2018}.7778\bibliographystyle{plainnat}79\bibliography{refs}80\end{document}81