{"status": "ok", "message-type": "work", "message-version": "1.0.0", "message": {"indexed": {"date-parts": [[2026, 10, 18]], "date-time": "2026-10-18T00:38:05Z", "timestamp": 1792283885818, "version": "4.4.0"}, "reference-count": 171, "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "issue": "1", "content-domain": {"domain": [], "crossmark-restriction": false}, "short-container-title": ["Annu. Rev. Econ."], "published-print": {"date-parts": [[2016, 10, 31]]}, "abstract": "<jats:p>This article reviews recent significant progress made in developing estimation and inference methods for nonlinear models in the presence of mismeasured data that may or may not conform to the classical assumption of independent zero-mean errors. The aim is to cover a broad range of methods having differing levels of complexity and strength of the required assumptions. Simple approaches that form the elementary building blocks of more advanced approaches are discussed first. Then, special attention is devoted to methods that rely on readily available auxiliary variables (e.g., repeated measurements, indicators, or instrumental variables). Results relaxing most of the commonly invoked simplifying assumptions are presented (linear measurement structure, independent errors, zero-mean errors, availability of auxiliary information). This article also provides an overview of important connections with related fields, such as latent variable models, nonlinear panel data, factor models, and set identification, and applications of the methods to other fields traditionally unrelated to measurement error models.</jats:p>", "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058", "type": "journal-article", "created": {"date-parts": [[2016, 10, 31]], "date-time": "2016-10-31T18:54:44Z", "timestamp": 1477940084000}, "page": "341-377", "source": "Crossref", "is-referenced-by-count": 136, "title": ["Recent Advances in the Measurement Error Literature"], "prefix": "10.1146", "volume": "8", "author": [{"given": "Susanne M.", "family": "Schennach", "sequence": "first", "affiliation": [{"name": "Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912;"}], "role": [{"vocabulary": "crossref", "role": "author"}]}], "member": "22", "reference": [{"key": "B1", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00270"}, {"key": "B2", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00470"}, {"key": "B3", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/09-AOS689"}, {"key": "B4", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(85)90001-6"}, {"key": "B5", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.01.036"}, {"key": "B6", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2010.02.002"}, {"key": "B7", "first-page": "111", "volume": "5", "author": "Anderson TW", "year": "1956", "journal-title": "Proc. 3rd Berkeley Symp. Math. Stat. Probab."}, {"key": "B8", "unstructured": "Andrews DWK. 2011.\n                      Examples of L\n                      2\n                      -complete and boundedly-complete distributions\n                      . Work. Pap. 1801, Cowles Found., Yale Univ., New Haven, CT"}, {"key": "B9", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1093/restud/rdr045"}, {"key": "B10", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Arellano M, Bonhomme S. 2015.\n                      Nonlinear panel data estimation via quantile regressions\n                      . Cemmap Work. Pap. CWP40/15, Inst. Fisc. Stud., London", "DOI": "10.1920/wp.cem.2015.4015"}, {"key": "B11", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00371"}, {"key": "B12", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Athey S, Haile PA. 2007. Nonparametric approaches to auctions. See Heckman & Leamer 2007, pp. 3847–965", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06060-6"}, {"key": "B13", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.10.010"}, {"key": "B14", "unstructured": "Ben-Moshe D. 2013.\n                      Identification and estimation of factor models using the log characteristic function\n                      . Work. Pap., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem"}, {"key": "B15", "unstructured": "Ben-Moshe D. 2014.\n                      Identification of dependent nonparametric distributions in a system of linear equations\n                      . Work. Pap., Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem"}, {"key": "B16", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA8680"}, {"key": "B17", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/01621459.1950.10483349"}, {"key": "B18", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1086/209899"}, {"key": "B19", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/15-AOS1376"}, {"key": "B20", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2008.12.019"}, {"key": "B21", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00577.x"}, {"key": "B22", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(01)05012-7"}, {"key": "B23", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1086/298256"}, {"key": "B24", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1257/aer.99.2.99"}, {"key": "B25", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1368-423X.2004.00144.x"}, {"key": "B26", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Carrasco M, Florens JP, Renault E. 2007. Linear inverse problems and structural econometrics: estimation based on spectral decomposition and regularization. See Heckman & Leamer 2007, pp. 5633–751", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06077-1"}, {"key": "B27", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/10485250902874688"}, {"key": "B28", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1467-9868.2007.00614.x"}, {"key": "B29", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/01621459.1988.10478718"}, {"key": "B30", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1198/016214504000001088"}, {"key": "B31", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1201/9781420010138"}, {"key": "B32", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Chen X. 2007. Large sample sieve estimation of semi-nonparametric models. See Heckman & Leamer 2007, pp. 5549–632", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06076-X"}, {"key": "B33", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1257/jel.49.4.901"}, {"key": "B34", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1467-937X.2005.00335.x"}, {"key": "B35", "first-page": "949", "volume": "19", "author": "Chen X", "year": "2009", "journal-title": "Stat. Sin."}, {"key": "B36", "volume-title": "Statistical Regression with Measurement Error", "author": "Cheng CL", "year": "1999"}, {"key": "B37", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00570.x"}, {"key": "B38", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00794.x"}, {"key": "B39", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.06.002"}, {"key": "B40", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1093/biomet/78.3.451"}, {"key": "B41", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Chesher A. 2001.\n                      Parameter approximations for quantile regressions with measurement error\n                      . Work. Pap. CWP02/01, Dep. Econ., Univ. Coll. London", "DOI": "10.1920/wp.cem.2001.0201"}, {"key": "B42", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00454"}, {"key": "B43", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA5368"}, {"key": "B44", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/3087456"}, {"key": "B45", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA6551"}, {"key": "B46", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(95)01789-5"}, {"key": "B47", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA6539"}, {"key": "B48", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/009053607000000884"}, {"key": "B49", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1467-9868.2006.00540.x"}, {"key": "B50", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/S0266466610000368"}, {"key": "B51", "volume-title": "Linear Operators", "author": "Dunford N", "year": "1971"}, {"key": "B52", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jmva.2010.03.011"}, {"key": "B53", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1007/s00199-008-0432-y"}, {"key": "B54", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2951770"}, {"key": "B55", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1086/317670"}, {"key": "B56", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/S0266466602183101"}, {"key": "B57", "unstructured": "Evdokimov K. 2009.\n                      Identification and estimation of a nonparametric panel data model with unobserved heterogeneity\n                      . Work. Pap., Yale Univ., New Haven, CT"}, {"key": "B58", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/S0266466611000831"}, {"key": "B59", "first-page": "97", "volume": "53", "author": "Fan J", "year": "1991", "journal-title": "Sankhyā A"}, {"key": "B60", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1176348248"}, {"key": "B61", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1176349402"}, {"key": "B62", "unstructured": "Freyberger J. 2012.\n                      Nonparametric panel data models with interactive fixed effects\n                      . Work. Pap., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL"}, {"key": "B63", "volume-title": "Statistical Confluence Analysis by Means of Complete Regression Systems", "author": "Frisch R", "year": "1934"}, {"key": "B64", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1002/9780470316665"}, {"key": "B65", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.07.001"}, {"key": "B66", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1913241"}, {"key": "B67", "first-page": "63", "volume": "47", "author": "Geary RC", "year": "1942", "journal-title": "Proc. R. Irish Acad."}, {"key": "B68", "volume-title": "Generalized Functions", "author": "Gel'fand IM", "year": "1964"}, {"key": "B69", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(86)90058-8"}, {"key": "B70", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/009053605000000714"}, {"key": "B71", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1198/tast.2009.09051"}, {"key": "B72", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1912775"}, {"key": "B73", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "2295", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(05)80007-8", "volume-title": "Handbook of Econometrics", "volume": "4", "author": "Härdle W", "year": "1994"}, {"key": "B74", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1257/jep.15.4.57"}, {"key": "B75", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00015-3"}, {"key": "B76", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(91)90022-6"}, {"key": "B77", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(94)01602-V"}, {"key": "B78", "volume-title": "Handbook of Econometrics", "volume": "6", "author": "Heckman JJ", "year": "2007"}, {"key": "B79", "unstructured": "Heckman JJ, Schennach SM, Williams BD. 2010a.\n                      Matching on proxy variables\n                      . Work. Pap., Univ. Chicago"}, {"key": "B80", "unstructured": "Heckman JJ, Schennach SM, Williams BD. 2010b.\n                      Nonparametric factor score regression with an application to the technology of skill formation\n                      . Work. Pap., Univ. Chicago"}, {"key": "B81", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00594.x"}, {"key": "B82", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00801.x"}, {"key": "B83", "unstructured": "Hoderlein S, Siflinger B, Winter J. 2015.\n                      Identification of structural models in the presence of measurement error due to rounding in survey responses\n                      . Work. Pap., Boston Coll."}, {"key": "B84", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2010.03.044"}, {"key": "B85", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2951627"}, {"key": "B86", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2298119"}, {"key": "B87", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(89)90047-X"}, {"key": "B88", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.12.001"}, {"key": "B89", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Hu Y. 2015.\n                      Microeconomic models with latent variables: applications of measurement error models in empirical industrial organization and labor economics\n                      . Cemmap Work. Pap. CWP03/15, Inst. Fisc. Stud., London", "DOI": "10.1920/wp.cem.2015.0315"}, {"key": "B90", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.02.005"}, {"key": "B91", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/07474930903559276"}, {"key": "B92", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1002/jae.1202"}, {"key": "B93", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.11.004"}, {"key": "B94", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.0012-9682.2008.00823.x"}, {"key": "B95", "unstructured": "Hu Y, Schennach SM, Shiu JL. 2015.\n                      Injectivity of a class of integral operators with compactly supported kernels\n                      . Work. Pap., Brown Univ., Providence, RI"}, {"key": "B96", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.03.001"}, {"key": "B97", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.05.023"}, {"key": "B98", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1108/S0731-9053(2013)0000032003"}, {"key": "B99", "first-page": "923", "volume": "10", "author": "Huwang L", "year": "2000", "journal-title": "Stat. Sin."}, {"key": "B100", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1198/07350010152596727"}, {"key": "B101", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00555.x"}, {"key": "B102", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2998561"}, {"key": "B103", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1912120"}, {"key": "B104", "volume-title": "The Advanced Theory of Statistics", "author": "Kendall MG", "year": "1979", "edition": "4"}, {"key": "B105", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2171942"}, {"key": "B106", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1911466"}, {"key": "B107", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1137/07070111X"}, {"key": "B108", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2140/pjm.1967.20.69"}, {"key": "B109", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1093/restud/rdq004"}, {"key": "B110", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0024-3795(77)90069-6"}, {"key": "B111", "first-page": "7", "volume-title": "Multiway Data Analysis", "author": "Kruskal JB", "year": "1989"}, {"key": "B112", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1007/BF01950290"}, {"key": "B113", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/2171884"}, {"key": "B114", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00756.x"}, {"key": "B115", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/07350015.2012.643126"}, {"key": "B116", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00120-3"}, {"key": "B117", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00081-0"}, {"key": "B118", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1177/0049124103251951"}, {"key": "B119", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1006/jmva.1998.1741"}, {"key": "B120", "volume-title": "Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Generalized Function", "author": "Lighthill MJ", "year": "1962"}, {"key": "B121", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/3315482"}, {"key": "B122", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1007/978-1-4757-6288-4"}, {"key": "B123", "volume-title": "Characteristic Functions", "author": "Lukacs E", "year": "1970", "edition": "2"}, {"key": "B124", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00677.x"}, {"key": "B125", "first-page": "319", "volume": "80", "author": "Manski C", "year": "1990", "journal-title": "Am. Econ. Rev."}, {"key": "B126", "volume-title": "Partial Identification of Probability Distributions", "author": "Manski C", "year": "2003"}, {"key": "B127", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00294"}, {"key": "B128", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1176349416"}, {"key": "B129", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00452"}, {"key": "B130", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA5940"}, {"key": "B131", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1913621"}, {"key": "B132", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1007/s10463-009-0220-x"}, {"key": "B133", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.12.003"}, {"key": "B134", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.08.005"}, {"key": "B135", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1162/003465301753237704"}, {"key": "B136", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/1468-0262.00459"}, {"key": "B137", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00482.x"}, {"key": "B138", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1093/biomet/75.2.237"}, {"key": "B139", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1176347494"}, {"key": "B140", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1913622"}, {"key": "B141", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(80)90032-9"}, {"key": "B142", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1176325370"}, {"key": "B143", "volume-title": "Identifiability in Stochastic Models", "author": "Rao P", "year": "1992"}, {"key": "B144", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.2307/1907835"}, {"key": "B145", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Ridder G, Moffitt R. 2007. The econometrics of data combination. See Heckman & Leamer 2007, pp. 5469–547", "DOI": "10.1016/S1573-4412(07)06075-8"}, {"key": "B146", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.05.002"}, {"key": "B147", "unstructured": "Schennach SM. 2000.\n                      Estimation of nonlinear models with measurement error\n                      . Work. Pap., Univ. Chicago"}, {"key": "B148", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00477.x"}, {"key": "B149", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.econlet.2004.03.023"}, {"key": "B150", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/S0266466604206028"}, {"key": "B151", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00736.x"}, {"key": "B152", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/009053606000001208"}, {"key": "B153", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/S0266466608080390"}, {"key": "B154", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "unstructured": "Schennach SM. 2013a.\n                      Convolution without independence\n                      . Cemmap Work. Pap. WP46/13, Inst. Fisc. Stud., London", "DOI": "10.1920/wp.cem.2013.4613"}, {"key": "B155", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/13-AOS1122"}, {"key": "B156", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1017/CBO9781139060035.009"}, {"key": "B157", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/ECTA9748"}, {"key": "B158", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1080/01621459.2012.751872"}, {"key": "B159", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.09.041"}, {"key": "B160", "volume-title": "Théorie des distributions", "author": "Schwartz L", "year": "1966"}, {"key": "B161", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/0304-4076(93)90120-T"}, {"key": "B162", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/1030741085"}, {"key": "B163", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.3982/QE275"}, {"key": "B164", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.laa.2009.02.025"}, {"key": "B165", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/aos/996986502"}, {"key": "B166", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1098/rspa.1963.0199"}, {"key": "B167", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1214/009053604000000670"}, {"key": "B168", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1002/cjs.5550350203"}, {"key": "B169", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "DOI": "10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.05.004"}, {"key": "B170", "volume-title": "Measurement Error and Latent Variables in Econometrics", "author": "Wansbeek TJ", "year": "2000"}, {"key": "B171", "unstructured": "Wilhelm D. 2010.\n                      Identification and estimation of nonparametric panel data regressions with measurement error\n                      . Work. Pap., Univ. Chicago"}], "container-title": ["Annual Review of Economics"], "original-title": [], "language": "en", "link": [{"URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking"}], "deposited": {"date-parts": [[2023, 8, 20]], "date-time": "2023-08-20T14:04:10Z", "timestamp": 1692540250000}, "score": 1, "resource": {"primary": {"URL": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058"}}, "subtitle": [], "short-title": [], "issued": {"date-parts": [[2016, 10, 31]]}, "references-count": 171, "journal-issue": {"issue": "1", "published-print": {"date-parts": [[2016, 10, 31]]}}, "alternative-id": ["10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058"], "URL": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058", "relation": {}, "ISSN": ["1941-1383", "1941-1391"], "issn-type": [{"value": "1941-1383", "type": "print"}, {"value": "1941-1391", "type": "electronic"}], "subject": [], "published": {"date-parts": [[2016, 10, 31]]}}}