# RECORD 5d7a30b7e8bf20b9b96939772873f83a5c2ed73b # TITLE: How Are Urban Green Spaces and Residential Development Related? A Synopsis of Multi-Perspective Analyses for Leipzig, Germany # YEAR: 2021.0 VENUE: nan DOI: 10.3390/land10060630 # AUTHORS: N. Schwarz; A. Haase; D. Haase; N. Kabisch; S. Kabisch; V. Liebelt; D. Rink; M. Strohbach; J. Welz; M. Wolff # PAGES: 16 CANDIDATE TABLE PAGES (1-based): [] # ABSTRACT: The relationship between urban green spaces (UGS) and residential development is complex: UGS have positive and negative immediate impacts on residents’ well-being, residential location choice, housing, and land markets. Property owners and real estate agents might consider how prospective clients perceive UGS and act accordingly, while urban planners influence UGS location and management as well as aim at steering the built environment. Typically, studies focus on one of these perspectives at a time. Here, we provide a synopsis of results from studies, taking different perspectives for a single case study: Leipzig, Germany. We summarise and discuss the findings of eight studies on UGS and residential development. In detail, these studies focus on spatial pattern analysis, hedonic pricing analysis, mixed-methods studies on experts’ perspectives, surveys, and choice experiments exploring residents’ perceptions of UGS. We reflect on the feasibility of deriving a synthesis out of these independent studies and to what extent context matters. We conclude that both triangulating of data and methods, as well as long-term and context-sensitive studies are needed to explain the interlinkages between UGS and residential development and their context dependency. ===== PAGE 1 (score 12, numeric-paren 0, table-words 0, var-words 12) ===== land Article How Are Urban Green Spaces and Residential Development Related? A Synopsis of Multi-Perspective Analyses for Leipzig, Germany Nina Schwarz 1,2,* , Annegret Haase 3, Dagmar Haase 2,4 , Nadja Kabisch 3,4, Sigrun Kabisch 3, Veronika Liebelt 2,5,6 , Dieter Rink 3, Michael W. Strohbach 7 , Juliane Welz 8 and Manuel Wolff 3,4   Citation: Schwarz, N.; Haase, A.; Haase, D.; Kabisch, N.; Kabisch, S.; Liebelt, V.; Rink, D.; Strohbach, M.W.; Welz, J.; Wolff, M. How Are Urban Green Spaces and Residential Development Related? A Synopsis of Multi-Perspective Analyses for Leipzig, Germany. Land 2021, 10, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ land10060630 Academic Editor: Thomas Panagopoulos Received: 24 March 2021 Accepted: 9 June 2021 Published: 12 June 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 Department Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management (PGM), Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands 2 Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; dagmar.haase@ufz.de (D.H.); veronika.liebelt@idiv.de (V.L.) 3 Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; annegret.haase@ufz.de (A.H.); nadja.kabisch@geo.hu-berlin.de (N.K.); sigrun.kabisch@ufz.de (S.K.); dieter.rink@ufz.de (D.R.); manuel.wolff@hu-berlin.de (M.W.) 4 Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany 5 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversity Economics, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 6 Department of Economics, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany 7 Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; m.strohbach@tu-braunschweig.de 8 Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; juliane.welz@imw.fraunhofer.de * Correspondence: n.schwarz@utwente.nl; Tel.: +31-534-891-455 Abstract: The relationship between urban green spaces (UGS) and residential development is com- plex: UGS have positive and negative immediate impacts on residents’ well-being, residential location choice, housing, and land markets. Property owners and real estate agents might consider how prospective clients perceive UGS and act accordingly, while urban planners influence UGS location and management as well as aim at steering the built environment. Typically, studies focus on one of these perspectives at a time. Here, we provide a synopsis of results from studies, taking different perspectives for a single case study: Leipzig, Germany. We summarise and discuss the findings of eight studies on UGS and residential development. In detail, these studies focus on spatial pattern analysis, hedonic pricing analysis, mixed-methods studies on experts’ perspectives, surveys, and choice experiments exploring residents’ perceptions of UGS. We reflect on the feasibility of deriving a synthesis out of these independent studies and to what extent context matters. We conclude that both triangulating of data and methods, as well as long-term and context-sensitive studies are needed to explain the interlinkages between UGS and residential development and their context dependency. Keywords: multi-method approach; residential development; urban development; urban green 1. Introduction Green spaces are a vital part of cities. Many types of urban green spaces (UGS) exist, i.e., green locations in cities which provide opportunities for recreation or relaxation, or for just being there or passing through. This encompasses diverse UGS such as parks, cemeteries, urban forests, gardens, street trees, allotments, or agricultural land [1]. The importance of UGS for urban residents is reflected in many policies at different international, national, and local levels, most prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals. For example, SDG 11 says “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, and target Land 2021, 10, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060630 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/land