{
 "record_id": "0e8221fad5dffd447b52c9be164621765eb67679",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "From peaks to prices: the economic impact of natural amenities on alpine real estate values",
  "year": 2025,
  "doi": "10.1108/jerer-02-2025-0033",
  "country": "Italy",
  "region_city": "Belluno Dolomites (Veneto), Italian Alps, 10 municipalities",
  "sample_start": 2022,
  "sample_end": 2023,
  "property_type": "mixed",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "Italian Revenue Agency (Agenzia delle Entrate) SISTER registered sales contracts, Jan 2022-Nov 2023; GIS variables (QGIS, OSM, ARPAV)",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS",
   "spatial_lag"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "SAR (spatial lag, GeoDa, row-standardised W)",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": false,
  "se_type": "OLS",
  "n_obs_total": 447,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Dependent variable is log of transaction price per square metre (EUR/m2). Mostly apartments (houses and portions of houses as dummies). Star legend: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 (non-standard). Minus signs missing from text layer; signs read from rendered page image. SAR coefficients are direct effects (rho = 0.39)."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "OLS",
   "page": 10,
   "dep_var": "log of transaction price per m2",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 447,
   "r2": 0.606,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "Full sample; dep var log(price/m2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "SAR",
   "page": 10,
   "dep_var": "log of transaction price per m2",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "spatial_lag",
   "n_obs": 447,
   "r2": 0.615,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "Full sample; pseudo R2; spatial lag rho=0.39 (SE 0.115)"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Property size",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.003,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Total weighted area of dwelling incl. garage (m2); dep var is price per m2"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Property size",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.003,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Total weighted area of dwelling incl. garage (m2); dep var is price per m2"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC ABCD",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.324,
   "se": 0.0764,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class A4-D vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC ABCD",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.337,
   "se": 0.074,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class A4-D vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC E",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.226,
   "se": 0.0706,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class E vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC E",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.233,
   "se": 0.069,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class E vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC F",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.202,
   "se": 0.058,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class F vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "EPC F",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.205,
   "se": 0.057,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class F vs reference G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Building age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.011,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Age = 2024 minus construction year; quadratic term also included"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Building age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.012,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Age = 2024 minus construction year; quadratic term also included"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Building age (^2)",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "squared",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": 0.0,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Quadratic term printed as 0.000*** (SE printed 0.000); rounding hides magnitude"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Building age (^2)",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "squared",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": 0.0,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Quadratic term printed as 0.000*** (SE printed 0.000); rounding hides magnitude"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "House",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.104,
   "se": 0.107,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "House vs reference apartment"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "House",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.087,
   "se": 0.104,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "House vs reference apartment"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Portion of the house",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.21,
   "se": 0.052,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Portion of house vs reference apartment"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Portion of the house",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.2,
   "se": 0.051,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Portion of house vs reference apartment"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.165,
   "se": 0.055,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.157,
   "se": 0.054,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Mediation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.121,
   "se": 0.044,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Printed name Mediation: sale mediated by real estate agency = 1"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Mediation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.119,
   "se": 0.042,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Printed name Mediation: sale mediated by real estate agency = 1"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Number of hotels",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.046,
   "se": 0.02,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of hotels within 250 m buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Number of hotels",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.049,
   "se": 0.019,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of hotels within 250 m buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Forest cover (250 m radius)",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.004,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Percentage of 250 m buffer area covered by forest (unit: percentage points)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Forest cover (250 m radius)",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.003,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Percentage of 250 m buffer area covered by forest (unit: percentage points)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Log of distance to the ski lift",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -0.053,
   "se": 0.029,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Printed name: log of distance to nearest ski lift (metres)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Log of distance to the ski lift",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -0.027,
   "se": 0.029,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Printed name: log of distance to nearest ski lift (metres)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Log of distance to primary road",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.059,
   "se": 0.016,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Log of distance to nearest primary road (metres)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Log of distance to primary road",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.053,
   "se": 0.016,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Log of distance to nearest primary road (metres)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Winter temperature",
   "taxonomy_id": "urban_heat",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "degrees_C",
   "beta": -0.136,
   "se": 0.031,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Mean DJF air temperature 2018-2022 (degrees C), with quadratic term"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Winter temperature",
   "taxonomy_id": "urban_heat",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "degrees_C",
   "beta": -0.088,
   "se": 0.032,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Mean DJF air temperature 2018-2022 (degrees C), with quadratic term"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "Winter temperature (^2)",
   "taxonomy_id": "urban_heat",
   "x_transform": "squared",
   "x_unit": "degrees_C",
   "beta": -0.032,
   "se": 0.011,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Quadratic term of winter temperature"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "Winter temperature (^2)",
   "taxonomy_id": "urban_heat",
   "x_transform": "squared",
   "x_unit": "degrees_C",
   "beta": -0.023,
   "se": 0.011,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 10,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Quadratic term of winter temperature"
  }
 ]
}