{
 "record_id": "1076844f99e9f35c7768a4e64f2c167ab26b5afd",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "Predicting Housing Prices in Riyadh: A Comparative Analysis on Machine Learning and Hedonic Regression",
  "year": 2025,
  "doi": "10.64389/isp.2025.01220",
  "country": "Saudi Arabia",
  "region_city": "Riyadh",
  "sample_start": 2024,
  "sample_end": 2024,
  "property_type": "mixed",
  "price_type": "listing",
  "data_source": "Aqar (sa.aqar.fm) real-estate listing platform, Q3 2024, 2,997 residential units (apartments and villas), five districts of Riyadh",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "none (district dummies)",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": true,
  "se_type": "OLS",
  "n_obs_total": 2997,
  "ai_methods": [
   "ANN",
   "random_forest"
  ],
  "notes": "Semi-log hedonic OLS (ln listing price) compared with ANN and RF for prediction (ML results are performance metrics / feature importance only, not extracted). Table 2 reports B, Std. Error, t, Sig. (p), Tolerance, VIF. Hedonic model appears to be fitted on the 70% training split (N=2,097, Table 3) but Table 2 does not state N explicitly. District dummies (North/South/West/Central vs East Riyadh reference) are location fixed effects and are not extracted: North 0.333 (0.013), South -0.686 (0.016), West -0.298 (0.013), Central -0.169 (0.045). Currency of price: Saudi riyal (SAR) presumed (not stated in table)."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "1",
   "page": 9,
   "dep_var": "ln(listing price)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 2097,
   "r2": 0.8178,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "Full sample of apartments and villas; district dummies (reference East Riyadh); N and R2 taken from Table 3 training results (70% split), Table 2 itself does not print N"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Building Type",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.473,
   "se": 0.022,
   "t": -21.673,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "1 = apartment, reference = villa (text p.5/9)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bed Room",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.012,
   "se": 0.004,
   "t": 2.837,
   "p": 0.005,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Living Room",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.045,
   "se": 0.008,
   "t": 5.349,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "number of living rooms (printed 'Living Room')"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathroom",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.03,
   "se": 0.006,
   "t": 5.007,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Kitchen",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": -0.005,
   "se": 0.019,
   "t": -0.259,
   "p": 0.795,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "number of kitchens (printed 'Kitchen'), not kitchen quality"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Size",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.002,
   "se": null,
   "t": 27.336,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Size in square metres (Table 1: Size (m2), 56-930). Std. Error printed as '0' (rounded to 3 decimals) -> not recorded; t = 27.336 printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Street Wide",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.001,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 1.468,
   "p": 0.142,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "street width; unit not stated in paper, metres presumed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Floor",
   "taxonomy_id": "floor_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": -0.022,
   "se": 0.006,
   "t": -3.599,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "floor number 0-10"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.007,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": -5.051,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "age in years (Table 1: Age (years), 0-20)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Entrance Number",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.047,
   "se": 0.016,
   "t": 2.972,
   "p": 0.003,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "number of entrances (1-2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Elevator",
   "taxonomy_id": "accessibility",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.065,
   "se": 0.011,
   "t": 5.861,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 9,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "presence of elevator (dummy)"
  }
 ]
}