{
 "record_id": "13561959c7aabb108ebf10b83cf499e51f169500",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "Flood risk management and real-estate prices: between prevention and “crowding out” effect",
  "year": 2025,
  "doi": "10.3389/frevc.2025.1603746",
  "country": "France",
  "region_city": "Bordeaux metropolitan area and neighbouring estuarine municipalities (Gironde)",
  "sample_start": 2011,
  "sample_end": 2016,
  "property_type": "single_family",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "24,871 house sales 2011-2016 (notarial transaction data); INSEE IRIS census 2014; IGN BD Topo/Parcellaire; Corine Land Cover 2006",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS",
   "spatial_error"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "spatial error model (SEM), ML, 1-nearest-neighbour weights (R spdep)",
  "time_fe": true,
  "location_fe": false,
  "se_type": "unknown",
  "n_obs_total": 24871,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Semi-log model (log sale price). Table 2 prints coefficient with p-value in parentheses for both the OLS ('MCO') and SEM columns (values in parentheses are consistent with the star legend: *** 1%, ** 5%, * 10%); p-values printed as '<0.0000' are recorded as null with stars. The paper states regressors enter 'in linear or logarithmic form according to the variables' without listing which: transformation recorded as 'other' with magnitude-based remarks in notes (surf_build plausibly level per m2; surf_area, distances, surf_nature, surf_built_neigh, isolation plausibly log). dist_BX coefficient printed as '<=0.000' (level in metres, negative per text). Year dummies (T2012-T2016) not extracted. Lambda = 0.1609 (SEM). N printed once (24,871) for the SEM; same sample for OLS."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "1",
   "page": 6,
   "dep_var": "log P (sale price, EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 24871,
   "r2": null,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "MCO (OLS) benchmark; year dummies included"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "2",
   "page": 6,
   "dep_var": "log P (sale price, EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "spatial_error",
   "n_obs": 24871,
   "r2": null,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "SEM, ML, W = 1 nearest neighbour; lambda 0.1609; year dummies included"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "surf _build",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.0048,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Surface area of building in m2 (mean 101.7); form not stated, magnitude consistent with level; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "surf _build",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.0047,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0001,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Surface area of building in m2 (mean 101.7); form not stated, magnitude consistent with level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_area",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.045,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Land surface in m2 (mean 762.8); form not stated, magnitude suggests log; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_area",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.0455,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0016,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Land surface in m2 (mean 762.8); form not stated, magnitude suggests log"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Rooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.0115,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of main rooms; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Rooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.0112,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0021,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of main rooms"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Terrace",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.077,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Terrace",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0688,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0046,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Swim",
   "taxonomy_id": "pool",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.186,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Swim",
   "taxonomy_id": "pool",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.1777,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0068,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathroom",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0763,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "More than one bathroom/shower room; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathroom",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0709,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.005,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "More than one bathroom/shower room"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Garage",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0287,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Garage",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0331,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0041,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Condition",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0611,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "House in good condition; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Condition",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0579,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.005,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "House in good condition"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_road",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.1278,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest main road in m (mean 3,654); form not stated, magnitude suggests log; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_road",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.1231,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0187,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest main road in m (mean 3,654); form not stated, magnitude suggests log"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_BX",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.0,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "low",
   "notes": "Distance to Bordeaux town hall in m; coefficient printed '<=0.000' (negative per text); magnitude not recoverable; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_BX",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.0,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "low",
   "notes": "Distance to Bordeaux town hall in m; coefficient printed '<=0.000' (negative per text); magnitude not recoverable"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_river",
   "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.0472,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to the Garonne river in m (mean 4,584); form not stated, magnitude suggests log; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_river",
   "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.0487,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0036,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to the Garonne river in m (mean 4,584); form not stated, magnitude suggests log"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Isolation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.1041,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Isolation index (average distance to reference facilities, m); form not stated; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Isolation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.0986,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0166,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Isolation index (average distance to reference facilities, m); form not stated"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_road∗isolation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.0129,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Interaction dist_road x isolation; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "dist_road∗isolation",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.0123,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0021,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Interaction dist_road x isolation"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_nature",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.0125,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Green and water surface within 200 m radius (m2); form not stated, magnitude suggests log; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_nature",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.0121,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0022,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Green and water surface within 200 m radius (m2); form not stated, magnitude suggests log"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_built_neigh",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.076,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Built (living) area within 200 m radius (m2); form not stated, magnitude suggests log; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "surf_built_neigh",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.0786,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0049,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Built (living) area within 200 m radius (m2); form not stated, magnitude suggests log"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "height_built_neigh",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.1493,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Average building height within 200 m (m, mean 6.71); perceived-density proxy; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "height_built_neigh",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 0.1485,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0053,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Average building height within 200 m (m, mean 6.71); perceived-density proxy"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "social_compo_G2",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0279,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0006,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "IRIS social composition group 2 (least favourable socioeconomic conditions; ref. G1 mixed)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "social_compo_G2",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0318,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0094,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "IRIS social composition group 2 (least favourable socioeconomic conditions; ref. G1 mixed)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "social_compo_G3",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.156,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "IRIS social composition group 3 (majority favourable socioeconomic conditions; ref. G1 mixed); p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "social_compo_G3",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.1615,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0071,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "IRIS social composition group 3 (majority favourable socioeconomic conditions; ref. G1 mixed)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "BM",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.1946,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Located within Bordeaux Metropole; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "BM",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.1962,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0096,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Located within Bordeaux Metropole"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "CatNat",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0748,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Municipality with >= 9 natural-disaster (CatNat) declarations; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "CatNat",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.075,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0066,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Municipality with >= 9 natural-disaster (CatNat) declarations"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "PPRI",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.1143,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Located within a PPRI flood-risk prevention zone; p printed as <0.0000"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "PPRI",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "binary",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.1153,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0158,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Located within a PPRI flood-risk prevention zone"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "CatNat∗PPRI",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0583,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.002,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Interaction PPRI x CatNat"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "CatNat∗PPRI",
   "taxonomy_id": "flood_risk",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.0532,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.0178,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 6,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Interaction PPRI x CatNat"
  }
 ]
}