{
 "record_id": "13a61953f01e5f8f119d4fa1872eb72503252526",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "The Reflection of Income Segregation and Accessibility Cleavages in Sydney's House Prices",
  "year": 2022,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijgi11070413",
  "country": "Australia",
  "region_city": "Greater Sydney",
  "sample_start": 2016,
  "sample_end": 2016,
  "property_type": "single_family",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "Australian Property Monitor (APM) house sales, two quarters of 2016 (32,068 houses, units excluded, 2.5/97.5 percentile price trimming); ABS 2016 census SA1 income data; gravity-model accessibility",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS",
   "GWR"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "GWR with adaptive bi-square kernel (Table 5)",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": false,
  "se_type": "OLS",
  "n_obs_total": 32068,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Published ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(7), 413 (record DOI points to the OSF preprint). Table 4 is R output: Estimate, Std. Error, t, Pr(>|t|), significance codes 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '.' 0.1. Dependent variable is log-transformed sale price (intercept 13.3). Distance units are not stated (assumed metres from coefficient magnitudes); income/crime/age shares printed as % with unstated scale, hence medium confidence for those rows. Table 5 (GWR) reports only the distribution of local coefficients; medians recorded without SE. OLS n = 32,050 (18 regressors), GWR n = 32,068."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "table": "4",
   "column": "1",
   "page": 19,
   "dep_var": "log(house sale price), AUD",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 32050,
   "r2": 0.8103,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "Greater Sydney detached houses sold in two quarters of 2016 (APM); SE, t and p in separate columns; adj. R2 0.8102"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "table": "5",
   "column": "Median",
   "page": 20,
   "dep_var": "log(house sale price), AUD",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "GWR",
   "n_obs": 32068,
   "r2": 0.8458,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "none",
   "sample_subset": "GWR (adaptive bi-square kernel, AIC bandwidth); Table 5 reports the distribution (min, Q1, median, Q3, max) of local coefficients - the MEDIAN local estimate is recorded as beta, no SE; adj. R2 0.8449"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bedrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.142,
   "se": 0.00158,
   "t": 90.152,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bedrooms; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.0489,
   "se": 0.00148,
   "t": 33.016,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sydney",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -1.45e-05,
   "se": 1.69e-07,
   "t": -85.66,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Network/Euclidean distance to Sydney CBD; distance unit not stated in the paper, coefficient magnitudes (1e-5 per unit) are consistent with metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Secondary City",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 7.07e-07,
   "se": 1.74e-07,
   "t": 4.065,
   "p": 4.82e-05,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to the nearest secondary city centre (e.g. Parramatta); printed name 'Distance to Secondary City'; unit not stated, assumed metres"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Beach",
   "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -2.44e-06,
   "se": 2.24e-07,
   "t": -10.916,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest beach; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Bus Interchanges",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 2.91e-06,
   "se": 4.83e-07,
   "t": 6.031,
   "p": 1.65e-09,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest bus interchange; unit not stated, assumed metres"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Highway",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 7.5e-06,
   "se": 4.44e-07,
   "t": 16.883,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest highway/motorway; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Primary School",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 1.02e-05,
   "se": 3.26e-06,
   "t": 3.118,
   "p": 0.00182,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest primary school; unit not stated, assumed metres"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to University",
   "taxonomy_id": "university_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 1.12e-06,
   "se": 4.27e-07,
   "t": 2.617,
   "p": 0.00889,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest university; unit not stated, assumed metres"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Swimming Pool",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -4.61e-06,
   "se": 9.32e-07,
   "t": -4.952,
   "p": 7.4e-07,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest (public) swimming pool facility - a recreational amenity, NOT a private pool; unit not stated, assumed metres"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Shopping Centre",
   "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 1.11e-05,
   "se": 7.5e-07,
   "t": 14.774,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest shopping centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sport Centre",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 9e-06,
   "se": 7.27e-07,
   "t": 12.378,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest sports centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Population Above 65 (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.00508,
   "se": 0.000217,
   "t": 23.355,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population aged over 65 (printed as %); scale (0-1 vs 0-100) not stated; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Crime Rate (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "crime",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.0435,
   "se": 0.0162,
   "t": -2.681,
   "p": 0.00735,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Local crime rate (printed as %); scale not stated"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Low Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.187,
   "se": 0.0575,
   "t": -3.244,
   "p": 0.00118,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the low-income group (2016 census); printed as % but magnitude of coefficient suggests a 0-1 proportion; authors read -0.187 as -0.2 per cent"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Middle Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.102,
   "se": 0.058,
   "t": -1.758,
   "p": 0.0788,
   "p_stars": ".",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the middle-income group; printed as %, scale not stated"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "High Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 2.51,
   "se": 0.0597,
   "t": 41.983,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the high-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; authors read 2.51 as 2.5 per cent; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Accessibility Score",
   "taxonomy_id": "employment_access",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.273,
   "se": 0.0868,
   "t": 3.142,
   "p": 0.00168,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 19,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gravity-model employment accessibility score standardised to 0-1"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bedrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.14,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Number of bedrooms; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.11, Q1 0.12, Q3 0.16, max 0.19; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.051,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.028, Q1 0.04, Q3 0.058, max 0.081; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sydney",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -2.3e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Network/Euclidean distance to Sydney CBD; distance unit not stated in the paper, coefficient magnitudes (1e-5 per unit) are consistent with metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.4e-05, Q1 -3e-05, Q3 -1.5e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Secondary City",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -5.6e-07,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to the nearest secondary city centre (e.g. Parramatta); printed name 'Distance to Secondary City'; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.6e-05, Q1 -4.7e-06, Q3 4.1e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Beach",
   "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 2.3e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest beach; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.8e-05, Q1 -8.7e-06, Q3 8.7e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Bus Interchanges",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -3.2e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest bus interchange; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.8e-05, Q1 -9.7e-06, Q3 4.4e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Highway",
   "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 7.6e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest highway/motorway; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.8e-05, Q1 3e-06, Q3 1.1e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Primary School",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 2.7e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest primary school; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.7e-05, Q1 1.3e-05, Q3 4.5e-05, max 0.0001; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to University",
   "taxonomy_id": "university_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 6.5e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest university; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -2.1e-05, Q1 2.3e-06, Q3 1.1e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Swimming Pool",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -4.5e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest (public) swimming pool facility - a recreational amenity, NOT a private pool; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -2.7e-05, Q1 -1.3e-05, Q3 6.8e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Shopping Centres",
   "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 7.2e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest shopping centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.5e-05, Q1 -4e-07, Q3 1.8e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sports Centres",
   "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 6.7e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Distance to nearest sports centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.2e-05, Q1 3.6e-06, Q3 1.4e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Population Above 65",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.0037,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population aged over 65 (printed as %); scale (0-1 vs 0-100) not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.0012, Q1 0.0026, Q3 0.0058, max 0.0089; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Crime Rate",
   "taxonomy_id": "crime",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.021,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Local crime rate (printed as %); scale not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -0.31, Q1 -0.08, Q3 0.1, max 0.68; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Low Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.28,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the low-income group (2016 census); printed as % but magnitude of coefficient suggests a 0-1 proportion; authors read -0.187 as -0.2 per cent; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -7.2, Q1 -0.38, Q3 -0.16, max 5.0; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Middle Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.18,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the middle-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -6.6, Q1 -0.31, Q3 -0.067, max 5.4; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "High Income (%)",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 1.7,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the high-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; authors read 2.51 as 2.5 per cent; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -4.5, Q1 1.5, Q3 1.8, max 7.7; no standard error reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Accessibility Score",
   "taxonomy_id": "employment_access",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.00033,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 20,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Gravity-model employment accessibility score standardised to 0-1; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -0.78, Q1 -0.28, Q3 0.57, max 1.1; no standard error reported"
  }
 ]
}