{
 "record_id": "63065c2cad027c9578aace5fb84b3bd4ba000e2b",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "Hurricane-Induced Discharges from Superfund Sites: A Hedonic Price Analysis of Real Estate Market Responses",
  "year": 2024,
  "doi": "10.3368/le.101.1.030423-0019r1",
  "country": "United States",
  "region_city": "Harris County (Houston), Texas",
  "sample_start": 2013,
  "sample_end": 2019,
  "property_type": "single_family",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "single-family home sales 2013-2019 in Harris County with coordinates (59,085 sales; 5,162 within 1.5 miles of Superfund sites or 1.5-3 miles of impacted sites); EPA/TCEQ Superfund site data; GIS flood/distance variables",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "census-tract (3/4-digit) spatial fixed effects; distance-decay (negative exponential, Gaussian) transformations of distance to site",
  "time_fe": true,
  "location_fe": true,
  "se_type": "clustered",
  "n_obs_total": 5162,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "HP-DID / DDD hedonic models with log(sale price) as dependent variable (Eq. 3-4). Structural (log lot size, age, log age, bedroom dummies, >1 bathroom, quality dummies) and spatial controls (log distance to park, railroad, highway, CBD), year FE, parallel-trend interactions and census-tract FE are included but their coefficients are NOT reported in any table (only 'Yes'). Only the Superfund proximity treatment/control indicators and their post-Harvey interactions are printed: extracted here as hazard_site (Treatment = sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site; Control in DDD tables = within 1.5 miles of a non-impacted site; reference = 1.5-3 miles from impacted sites in DDD, non-impacted-site buffer in DID) and interactions as 'other'. Exponential spec: kappa = 0.25 miles; Gaussian spec: critical distance 1.5 miles. SEs clustered within census tract; * p<0.1, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01. Tables 4 and 6 use propensity-score matched samples."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c1",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "ATE",
   "page": 31,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 2409,
   "r2": 0.6394,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID without matching (transactions within 1.5 miles of impacted or non-impacted Superfund sites); specification ATE; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c2",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "Zones",
   "page": 31,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 2409,
   "r2": 0.642,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID without matching (transactions within 1.5 miles of impacted or non-impacted Superfund sites); specification Zones; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c3",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "Exponential",
   "page": 31,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 2409,
   "r2": 0.6393,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID without matching (transactions within 1.5 miles of impacted or non-impacted Superfund sites); specification Exponential; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c4",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "Gaussian",
   "page": 31,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 2409,
   "r2": 0.6394,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID without matching (transactions within 1.5 miles of impacted or non-impacted Superfund sites); specification Gaussian; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "table": "4",
   "column": "ATE",
   "page": 32,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 1963,
   "r2": 0.65,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID with propensity-score matching; specification ATE; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c2",
   "table": "4",
   "column": "Zones",
   "page": 32,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 1963,
   "r2": 0.6527,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID with propensity-score matching; specification Zones; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c3",
   "table": "4",
   "column": "Exponential",
   "page": 32,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 1963,
   "r2": 0.65,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID with propensity-score matching; specification Exponential; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c4",
   "table": "4",
   "column": "Gaussian",
   "page": 32,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 1963,
   "r2": 0.6502,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DID with propensity-score matching; specification Gaussian; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "table": "5",
   "column": "ATE",
   "page": 33,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 5162,
   "r2": 0.6832,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD without matching (adds control group 1.5-3 miles from impacted sites); specification ATE; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c2",
   "table": "5",
   "column": "Zones",
   "page": 33,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 5162,
   "r2": 0.6846,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD without matching (adds control group 1.5-3 miles from impacted sites); specification Zones; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c3",
   "table": "5",
   "column": "Exponential",
   "page": 33,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 5162,
   "r2": 0.6832,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD without matching (adds control group 1.5-3 miles from impacted sites); specification Exponential; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c4",
   "table": "5",
   "column": "Gaussian",
   "page": 33,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 5162,
   "r2": 0.6831,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD without matching (adds control group 1.5-3 miles from impacted sites); specification Gaussian; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-c1",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "ATE",
   "page": 34,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 4444,
   "r2": 0.6944,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD with propensity-score matching; specification ATE; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-c2",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Zones",
   "page": 34,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 4444,
   "r2": 0.6958,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD with propensity-score matching; specification Zones; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-c3",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Exponential",
   "page": 34,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 4444,
   "r2": 0.6944,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD with propensity-score matching; specification Exponential; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-c4",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Gaussian",
   "page": 34,
   "dep_var": "log(sale price), nominal US$",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 4444,
   "r2": 0.6944,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "DDD with propensity-score matching; specification Gaussian; structural and spatial controls, year FE, parallel-trend terms and census-tract FE included but not reported"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.6223,
   "se": 0.0946,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.4958,
   "se": 0.1071,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c3",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.5678,
   "se": 0.0888,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c4",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.5686,
   "se": 0.0887,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction",
   "beta": 0.113,
   "se": 0.11,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE within 1.5 miles"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × (<0.5 mile)",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction (buffer <0.5 mile; reference 1-1.5 miles)",
   "beta": -0.2772,
   "se": 0.1268,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE by distance buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × (<1 mile)",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction (buffer 0.5-1 mile; reference 1-1.5 miles)",
   "beta": -0.1333,
   "se": 0.0718,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE by distance buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c3",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × Distance to Superfund Sites",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "interaction with negative-exponential distance transform exp(-d/0.25)",
   "beta": -0.4415,
   "se": 0.2296,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "distance-decay DiD effect"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-c4",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × Distance to Superfund Sites",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "interaction with Gaussian distance transform [1-(d/1.5)]^2",
   "beta": -0.1699,
   "se": 0.0742,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 31,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "distance-decay DiD effect"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.6067,
   "se": 0.1013,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD); matched sample"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.4861,
   "se": 0.1117,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD); matched sample"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c3",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.5566,
   "se": 0.0907,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD); matched sample"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c4",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment (home sales within 1.5 miles)",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs within 1.5 miles of non-impacted site)",
   "beta": -0.558,
   "se": 0.0906,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "sale within 1.5 miles of a hurricane-impacted Superfund site (pre-Harvey level effect in DiD); matched sample"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction",
   "beta": 0.1029,
   "se": 0.1226,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE within 1.5 miles"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × (<0.5 mile)",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction (buffer <0.5 mile; reference 1-1.5 miles)",
   "beta": -0.2876,
   "se": 0.1279,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE by distance buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × (<1 mile)",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "binary interaction (buffer 0.5-1 mile; reference 1-1.5 miles)",
   "beta": -0.1262,
   "se": 0.0682,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DiD ATE by distance buffer"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c3",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × Distance to Superfund Sites",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "interaction with negative-exponential distance transform exp(-d/0.25)",
   "beta": -0.5238,
   "se": 0.2123,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "distance-decay DiD effect"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T4-c4",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment × After Harvey × Distance to Superfund Sites",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "interaction with Gaussian distance transform [1-(d/1.5)]^2",
   "beta": -0.1945,
   "se": 0.0688,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 32,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "distance-decay DiD effect"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs 1.5-3 miles)",
   "beta": -0.1283,
   "se": 0.052,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 33,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DDD: pre-Harvey level effect of proximity to impacted site; reference 1.5-3 miles from impacted site"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c2",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs 1.5-3 miles)",
   "beta": -0.0691,
   "se": 0.051,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 33,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DDD: pre-Harvey level effect of proximity to impacted site; reference 1.5-3 miles from impacted site"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c3",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs 1.5-3 miles)",
   "beta": -0.1027,
   "se": 0.0527,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 33,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DDD: pre-Harvey level effect of proximity to impacted site; reference 1.5-3 miles from impacted site"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c4",
   "var_name_printed": "Treatment",
   "taxonomy_id": "hazard_site",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary (within 1.5 miles of impacted Superfund site vs 1.5-3 miles)",
   "beta": -0.102,
   "se": 0.0524,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 33,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "DDD: pre-Harvey level effect of proximity to impacted site; reference 1.5-3 miles from impacted site"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T5-c1",
   "var_name_printed": "Control",
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   "x_transform": "dummy",
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}