{
 "record_id": "75ba68147bf6e34f9b631b70a8cea636eda11e65",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "Use of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Method to Estimate the Effects of Location Attributes on the Residential Property Values",
  "year": 2017,
  "doi": "10.22146/ijg.27036",
  "country": "Malaysia",
  "region_city": "Kuala Lumpur",
  "sample_start": 2010,
  "sample_end": 2010,
  "property_type": "single_family",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "4,393 sales of landed residential properties in Kuala Lumpur in 2010 (terraced, townhouse, semi-detached, bungalow)",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS",
   "GWR"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "GWR",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": false,
  "se_type": "unknown",
  "n_obs_total": 4393,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Indonesian Journal of Geography 49(1):97-109. Table 2 (p.7; a mislabelled duplicate with shifted standardised column appears as 'Table 1' on p.6 - the p.7 version used). HPM reports coefficient, standardised coefficient and t-ratio (no SE); GWR reports lower quartile, median and upper quartile of local coefficients. Distances are network distances in metres."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "Hedonic price model (HPM)",
   "page": 7,
   "dep_var": "ln selling price (MYR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 4393,
   "r2": 0.73,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "none",
   "sample_subset": "global semi-log OLS, landed residential sales Kuala Lumpur 2010; r2 = adjusted R2; AICc 5663.63; t-ratio in separate column; variables retained by significance (stepwise-type selection)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "GWR model (median of local coefficients)",
   "page": 7,
   "dep_var": "ln selling price (MYR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "GWR",
   "n_obs": 4393,
   "r2": 0.85,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "none",
   "sample_subset": "geographically weighted regression; beta = median of local coefficients, lower/upper quartiles in notes; no SE or t printed; r2 = adjusted R2; AICc 3185.55"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "FREEHOLD",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.294,
   "se": null,
   "t": 18.733,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "freehold (vs leasehold) tenure dummy; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.159; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "FREEHOLD",
   "taxonomy_id": "other",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.155,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "freehold (vs leasehold) tenure dummy; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.084, upper quartile 0.232; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "FLOORSIZE",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": null,
   "t": 49.578,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "floor area in square metres; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.542; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "FLOORSIZE",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "floor area in square metres; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.004, upper quartile 0.005; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "LOTSIZE",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.000186,
   "se": null,
   "t": 9.593,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "lot size in square metres; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.086; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "LOTSIZE",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.000403,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "lot size in square metres; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.00048, upper quartile 0.001; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "BEDROOMS",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.19,
   "se": null,
   "t": 11.497,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if four or more bedrooms; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.108; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "BEDROOMS",
   "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.132,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if four or more bedrooms; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.076, upper quartile 0.173; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_TERRACED",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.084,
   "se": null,
   "t": -2.841,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if cluster/terraced house (reference: detached and other types); t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = -0.043; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_TERRACED",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.29,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if cluster/terraced house (reference: detached and other types); GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.038, upper quartile 0.391; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_TOWNHOUSE",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.223,
   "se": null,
   "t": -5.645,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if town house; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = -0.062; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_TOWNHOUSE",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.024,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if town house; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile -0.21, upper quartile 0.179; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_SEMIDETACHED",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.357,
   "se": null,
   "t": 10.454,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if semi-detached; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.124; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_SEMIDETACHED",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.571,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if semi-detached; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.338, upper quartile 0.635; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_BUNGALOW",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.442,
   "se": null,
   "t": 9.869,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if bungalow; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.096; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "TYPE_BUNGALOW",
   "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.361,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if bungalow; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.182, upper quartile 0.497; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "PRIMARY_SCHOOL",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 2.832e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": 2.783,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest primary school; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.031; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "PRIMARY_SCHOOL",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 1.4e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest primary school; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 2.7e-05, upper quartile 8.5e-05; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "SECONDARY_SCHOOL",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 5.244e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": 6.881,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest secondary school; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.07; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "SECONDARY_SCHOOL",
   "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": 3.9e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest secondary school; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 9e-06, upper quartile 0.000107; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "SHOPMALL",
   "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -8.112e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": -11.385,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest shopping mall; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = -0.112; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "SHOPMALL",
   "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -5.6e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest shopping mall; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile -8e-05, upper quartile -4e-06; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "FOREST",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -2.973e-05,
   "se": null,
   "t": -5.934,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest forest; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.052; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "FOREST",
   "taxonomy_id": "green_space",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m",
   "beta": -4e-06,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "network distance in metres to nearest forest; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile -2.2e-05, upper quartile 8e-06; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "RAIL_STATION",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.036,
   "se": null,
   "t": -2.132,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if within 2 km radius of nearest rail station; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = -0.018; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "RAIL_STATION",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.019,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "dummy = 1 if within 2 km radius of nearest rail station; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile -0.073, upper quartile 0.03; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "MALAY",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.041,
   "se": null,
   "t": 12.629,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "percentage of residents of Malay ethnicity in the area; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.117; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "MALAY",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.033,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "percentage of residents of Malay ethnicity in the area; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile 0.006, upper quartile 0.07; no inference printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-HPM",
   "var_name_printed": "CHINESE",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.025,
   "se": null,
   "t": 7.416,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "percentage of residents of Chinese ethnicity in the area; t-ratio printed in separate column, no SE; printed standardised coefficient = 0.067; text states all variables significant at 1% level"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-GWR",
   "var_name_printed": "CHINESE",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -0.002,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "percentage of residents of Chinese ethnicity in the area; GWR local-coefficient median; lower quartile -0.037, upper quartile 0.025; no inference printed"
  }
 ]
}