{
 "record_id": "784bd147866d1ec15bbfa3c42d3c2fc6a9ac3192",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "The economic value of sustainability. Real estate market and energy performance of homes",
  "year": 2023,
  "doi": "10.48264/vvsiev-20233402",
  "country": "Italy",
  "region_city": "Padua, Mestre (Venice), Bergamo",
  "sample_start": 2022,
  "sample_end": 2023,
  "property_type": "mixed",
  "price_type": "listing",
  "data_source": "Ask prices from Immobiliare.it collected December 2022 - January 2023 (901 listings: Padua 354, Mestre 254, Bergamo 293)",
  "document_type": "journal",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "none (ordinal OMI zone variable)",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": false,
  "se_type": "unknown",
  "n_obs_total": 901,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Semi-log model: dependent variable is the natural log of the ask price per square metre (EUR/sqm). Tables 6 (p. 9) and 7 (p. 10) print coefficients and p-values only (no SE or t). Ordinal codings (Table 1, p. 6): Zone (OMI) 1=centre, 2=semi-central, 3=suburbs; Proximity to local transport 1=up to 200 m, 2=201-500 m, 3=over 500 m; Energy class (EPC) 1=A4 ... 6=A, 7=B, 8=C, 9=D, 10=E, 11=F, 12=G (higher = less efficient); Maintenance status ordinal 1-4 (new/under construction, excellent/renovated, good/habitable, very bad/in need of renovation; higher = worse, hence negative sign); Type 0=villa, 1=apartment (dropped from all models). Mostly apartments (Type mean 0.94-0.99). Variables printed as '-' were not retained in the city model. n_obs per model taken from descriptive tables (ANOVA df: Padua 354, Mestre 254, Bergamo 293)."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Padua",
   "page": 7,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 354,
   "r2": 0.519,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Padua; EPC as ordinal variable"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Mestre",
   "page": 7,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 254,
   "r2": 0.522,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Mestre; EPC as ordinal variable"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "table": "6",
   "column": "Bergamo",
   "page": 7,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 293,
   "r2": 0.359,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Bergamo; EPC as ordinal variable"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "table": "7",
   "column": "Padua",
   "page": 8,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 354,
   "r2": 0.509,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Padua; EPC as two dummies (A-B, C-D vs E-G)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "table": "7",
   "column": "Mestre",
   "page": 8,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 254,
   "r2": 0.513,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Mestre; EPC as two dummies"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "table": "7",
   "column": "Bergamo",
   "page": 8,
   "dep_var": "ln ask price per sqm (EUR/sqm)",
   "dep_transform": "per_m2",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 293,
   "r2": 0.349,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",
   "sample_subset": "Bergamo; EPC as two dummies"
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Zone (OMI)",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=centre, 2=semi-central, 3=suburbs)",
   "beta": -0.244,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "OMI macro-area ordinal code; higher = farther from centre; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Proximity to local transport infrastructure",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=<=200 m, 2=201-500 m, 3=>500 m)",
   "beta": -0.115,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Ordinal distance class to local public transport; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Energy class (EPC)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=A4 ... 12=G)",
   "beta": -0.049,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class ordinal code; higher = less efficient; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.001,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.114,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Proximity to local transport infrastructure",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=<=200 m, 2=201-500 m, 3=>500 m)",
   "beta": -0.032,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.034,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Ordinal distance class to local public transport"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Energy class (EPC)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=A4 ... 12=G)",
   "beta": -0.039,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class ordinal code; higher = less efficient; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "No. of bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.161,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.003,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.097,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Zone (OMI)",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=centre, 2=semi-central, 3=suburbs)",
   "beta": -0.061,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.002,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "OMI macro-area ordinal code; higher = farther from centre"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Energy class (EPC)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=A4 ... 12=G)",
   "beta": -0.043,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "EPC class ordinal code; higher = less efficient; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "No. of bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.275,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.002,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T6-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.066,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.024,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 7,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Zone (OMI)",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=centre, 2=semi-central, 3=suburbs)",
   "beta": -0.235,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "OMI macro-area ordinal code; higher = farther from centre; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Proximity to local transport infrastructure",
   "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=<=200 m, 2=201-500 m, 3=>500 m)",
   "beta": -0.119,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Ordinal distance class to local public transport; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "High energy efficiency (Classes A and B)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.316,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes A and B; base = classes E, F, G; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Medium energy efficiency (Classes C and D)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.179,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes C and D; base = classes E, F, G; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.001,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Padua",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.131,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "High energy efficiency (Classes A and B)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.317,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes A and B; base = classes E, F, G; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Medium energy efficiency (Classes C and D)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.179,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes C and D; base = classes E, F, G; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Number of bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.172,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.003,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Mestre",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.103,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Zone (OMI)",
   "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=centre, 2=semi-central, 3=suburbs)",
   "beta": -0.061,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.002,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "OMI macro-area ordinal code; higher = farther from centre"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "High energy efficiency (Classes A and B)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.231,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes A and B; base = classes E, F, G; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Medium energy efficiency (Classes C and D)",
   "taxonomy_id": "energy_efficiency",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.111,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.024,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Dummy for EPC classes C and D; base = classes E, F, G"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Number of bathrooms",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "count",
   "beta": 0.286,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.001,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Number of bathrooms; p-value printed as <0.001 (recorded as 0.001 upper bound)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Gross floor area",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": -0.002,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.002,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Gross floor area in sqm; dependent variable is price per sqm"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T7-Bergamo",
   "var_name_printed": "Maintenance status",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "other",
   "x_unit": "ordinal (1=new ... 4=very bad)",
   "beta": -0.082,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": 0.006,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 8,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Maintenance status ordinal code; higher = worse condition"
  }
 ]
}