{
 "record_id": "b51ae7fa8ad6ec948d8787f76cdf0f315d38c6f6",
 "eligible": true,
 "exclusion_reason": null,
 "study": {
  "title": "Spatial Heterogeneity in Hedonic House Price Models: The Case of Austria",
  "year": 2014,
  "doi": "10.1177/0042098013492234",
  "country": "Austria",
  "region_city": "national (all nine federal states)",
  "sample_start": 1998,
  "sample_end": 2009,
  "property_type": "single_family",
  "price_type": "transaction",
  "data_source": "UniCredit Bank Austria AG mortgage collateral records, 3,887 geocoded single-family homes; Statistics Austria census 2001 and Michael Bauer Research 2009 for neighbourhood covariates",
  "document_type": "working_paper",
  "estimators": [
   "OLS",
   "spatial_lag",
   "IV",
   "GWR"
  ],
  "spatial_method": "SAR (ML) and S2SLS spatial lag with k=5 nearest neighbours; mixed GWR (MGWR) with Gaussian kernel, adaptive bandwidth 177; federal-state dummies in global models",
  "time_fe": false,
  "location_fe": true,
  "se_type": "robust",
  "n_obs_total": 3887,
  "ai_methods": [],
  "notes": "Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper TI 2013-171/VIII (published in Urban Studies 2014). Dependent variable = log purchase price in EUR. Global models include a linear year-of-purchase trend (1998-2009) and federal-state dummies (reference Lower Austria) - not extracted. SE types: OLS = White HC; SAR = ML standard; S2SLS = SHAC. Stepwise variable selection (AIC / p<0.05)."
 },
 "models": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "OLS",
   "page": 14,
   "dep_var": "ln purchase price (EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "OLS",
   "n_obs": 3887,
   "r2": 0.473,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "full sample",
   "notes": "Columns: Coeff., HC (White heteroskedasticity-consistent) Std. err., t-val. Adj. R2 = 0.473, AIC 2783, RMSE 0.344. Stepwise AIC variable selection. Includes linear year-of-purchase trend (time 0.009, SE 0.003) and 7 federal-state dummies (reference Lower Austria) - not extracted. n = 3,887 stated in data section (not in table)."
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "SAR",
   "page": 14,
   "dep_var": "ln purchase price (EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "spatial_lag",
   "n_obs": 3887,
   "r2": 0.486,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "full sample",
   "notes": "Spatial lag (SAR) model, k=5 nearest-neighbour row-standardised W, ML; columns Coeff., Std. err., z-val. rho = 0.205 (p<0.001). Adj. R2 = 0.486, AIC 2707, RMSE 0.339. Time trend 0.010 (0.002) and federal-state dummies not extracted."
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "table": "2",
   "column": "S2SLS",
   "page": 14,
   "dep_var": "ln purchase price (EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "IV",
   "n_obs": 3887,
   "r2": null,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "full sample",
   "notes": "Spatial two-stage least squares (spatial lag with HAC/SHAC standard errors, triangular kernel, k=5); columns Coeff., SHAC Std. err., t-val. rho = 0.229 (p<0.001). RMSE 0.339; no R2 printed. Time trend 0.010 (0.003) and federal-state dummies not extracted."
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "Global coeff.",
   "page": 16,
   "dep_var": "ln purchase price (EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "GWR",
   "n_obs": null,
   "r2": null,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",
   "sample_subset": "random 50% subsample of the 3,887 houses; only variables significant in global S2SLS (16 covariates); no federal-state dummies",
   "notes": "Table 3 'Global coeff.' column (Estim., Std.err., t-val.) of the semi-local MGWR table ('MGWR results and its global counterparts'). For cond_house_1, bath_1, attic_1, basement_1, garage_1, terr_1 these are the spatially fixed MGWR coefficients; for the 10 spatially varying covariates the global estimate is the global counterpart - ambiguous whether from MGWR or a global model on the subsample. Exact n not printed (approx. half of 3,887). Time trend 0.006 (0.003) not extracted. MGWR: Gaussian kernel, adaptive bandwidth 177 neighbours, AIC 1381, RMSE 0.338."
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "table": "3",
   "column": "Local coeff. Median",
   "page": 16,
   "dep_var": "ln purchase price (EUR)",
   "dep_transform": "log",
   "estimator": "GWR",
   "n_obs": null,
   "r2": null,
   "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "none",
   "sample_subset": "random 50% subsample; 10 spatially varying covariates",
   "notes": "Median of the local MGWR coefficients (1st and 3rd quartiles recorded in coefficient notes); F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity stars. No SE. Local R2 ranges 0.24-0.49."
  }
 ],
 "coefficients": [
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_total",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.41,
   "se": 0.017,
   "t": 23.988,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log total floor area (m2, excl. basement)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_total",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.409,
   "se": 0.018,
   "t": 22.825,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log total floor area (m2, excl. basement)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_total",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.411,
   "se": 0.017,
   "t": 23.864,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log total floor area (m2, excl. basement)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_plot",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.111,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": 8.945,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log plot area (m2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_plot",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.111,
   "se": 0.013,
   "t": 8.855,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log plot area (m2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_plot",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.111,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": 8.891,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log plot area (m2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "cond_house_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.052,
   "se": 0.014,
   "t": -3.742,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. condition of house: 1 = poor, 0 = good"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "cond_house_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.045,
   "se": 0.014,
   "t": -3.33,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. condition of house: 1 = poor, 0 = good"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "cond_house_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.044,
   "se": 0.014,
   "t": -3.229,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. condition of house: 1 = poor, 0 = good"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "heat_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "heating",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.102,
   "se": 0.02,
   "t": -5.018,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. heating system quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "heat_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "heating",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.107,
   "se": 0.023,
   "t": -4.602,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. heating system quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "heat_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "heating",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.105,
   "se": 0.021,
   "t": -5.005,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. heating system quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "bath_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathroom_quality",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.076,
   "se": 0.019,
   "t": -3.91,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. bathroom/toilet quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "bath_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathroom_quality",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.074,
   "se": 0.022,
   "t": -3.339,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. bathroom/toilet quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "bath_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathroom_quality",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.075,
   "se": 0.019,
   "t": -3.985,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. bathroom/toilet quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "attic_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "storage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.024,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": -2.018,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. attic present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "attic_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "storage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.024,
   "se": 0.011,
   "t": -2.077,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. attic present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "attic_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "storage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.024,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": -2.02,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. attic present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "basement_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "basement",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.132,
   "se": 0.013,
   "t": 9.936,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. basement present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "basement_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "basement",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.126,
   "se": 0.013,
   "t": 9.597,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. basement present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "basement_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "basement",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.124,
   "se": 0.014,
   "t": 9.069,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. basement present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "garage_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.082,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": -6.899,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. garage quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high (quality indicator, not presence)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "garage_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.084,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": -7.162,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. garage quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high (quality indicator, not presence)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "garage_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.084,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": -7.064,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. garage quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high (quality indicator, not presence)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "terr_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.07,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": 5.893,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. terrace present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "terr_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.066,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": 5.673,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. terrace present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "terr_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.066,
   "se": 0.012,
   "t": 5.574,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. terrace present: 1 = yes"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.006,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": -16.976,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. age of building at time of sale"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.006,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": -17.617,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. age of building at time of sale"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.006,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": -16.434,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. age of building at time of sale; t printed as -16.434 without stars (likely omitted stars)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_pp_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 5.8,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal purchasing power index (federal state = 100, 2009)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_pp_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 5.89,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal purchasing power index (federal state = 100, 2009)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_pp_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 5.709,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal purchasing power index (federal state = 100, 2009)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_acad",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.011,
   "se": 0.002,
   "t": 5.695,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal proportion of academics (%, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_acad",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.009,
   "se": 0.002,
   "t": 4.384,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal proportion of academics (%, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_acad",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.008,
   "se": 0.002,
   "t": 3.692,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal proportion of academics (%, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_unempl",
   "taxonomy_id": "unemployment",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -1.454,
   "se": 0.649,
   "t": -2.241,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal unemployment rate (%, 2009); only retained in OLS (dropped from SAR/S2SLS as insignificant)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_age_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.02,
   "se": 0.004,
   "t": -5.538,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal population age index (5-year cohorts, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_age_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.017,
   "se": 0.004,
   "t": -4.788,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal population age index (5-year cohorts, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_age_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.016,
   "se": 0.004,
   "t": -4.255,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal population age index (5-year cohorts, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "ln_muni_popd",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "per_km2",
   "beta": 0.033,
   "se": 0.007,
   "t": 4.518,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log municipal population density (2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "ln_muni_popd",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "per_km2",
   "beta": 0.02,
   "se": 0.006,
   "t": 3.153,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log municipal population density (2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "ln_muni_popd",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "per_km2",
   "beta": 0.02,
   "se": 0.006,
   "t": 3.245,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log municipal population density (2001); t printed as 3.245 without stars"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_acad_dmuni",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.008,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 6.072,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. enumeration-district proportion of academics, deviation from municipal mean (compositional effect)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-SAR",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_acad_dmuni",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.006,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 4.997,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. enumeration-district proportion of academics, deviation from municipal mean (compositional effect)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-S2SLS",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_acad_dmuni",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.005,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 4.232,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. enumeration-district proportion of academics, deviation from municipal mean (compositional effect)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_unempl_dmuni",
   "taxonomy_id": "unemployment",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 1.758,
   "se": 0.607,
   "t": 2.898,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "**",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. enumeration-district unemployment rate, deviation from municipal mean (compositional effect); only in OLS; dropped in SAR/S2SLS because main effect insignificant"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T2-OLS",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_age_ind_dmuni",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.004,
   "se": 0.003,
   "t": 1.568,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 14,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. enumeration-district age index, deviation from municipal mean (compositional effect); only in OLS; stars (***) inconsistent with printed t = 1.568, recorded as printed"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_total",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.422,
   "se": 0.024,
   "t": 17.453,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log total floor area (m2, excl. basement); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_plot",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.077,
   "se": 0.018,
   "t": 4.268,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log plot area (m2); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "heat_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "heating",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.111,
   "se": 0.031,
   "t": -3.544,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. heating system quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high; global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "Age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.005,
   "se": 0.0,
   "t": -11.441,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. age of building at time of sale; global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_unempl",
   "taxonomy_id": "unemployment",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -2.103,
   "se": 0.587,
   "t": 3.581,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. unemployment rate at enumeration-district level (%); printed t-value 3.581 has sign inconsistent with negative coefficient (recorded as printed); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_pp_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.004,
   "se": 0.001,
   "t": 4.442,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal purchasing power index (federal state = 100, 2009); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_acad",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.012,
   "se": 0.003,
   "t": 4.567,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal proportion of academics (%, 2001); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_age_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.038,
   "se": 0.005,
   "t": -8.26,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. municipal population age index (5-year cohorts, 2001); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "ln_muni_popd",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "per_km2",
   "beta": 0.067,
   "se": 0.008,
   "t": 8.623,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. log municipal population density (2001); global counterpart of a spatially varying covariate (see model notes)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "cond_house_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "condition",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.038,
   "se": 0.02,
   "t": -1.953,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": ".",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. condition of house: 1 = poor, 0 = good; spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "bath_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "bathroom_quality",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.064,
   "se": 0.031,
   "t": -2.029,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. bathroom/toilet quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high; spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "attic_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "storage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.028,
   "se": 0.016,
   "t": -1.674,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": ".",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. attic present: 1 = yes; spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "basement_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "basement",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.144,
   "se": 0.019,
   "t": 7.665,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. basement present: 1 = yes; spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "garage_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "garage",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.068,
   "se": 0.017,
   "t": -4.06,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. garage quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high (quality indicator, not presence); spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-global",
   "var_name_printed": "terr_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "terrace_balcony",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": 0.076,
   "se": 0.017,
   "t": 4.587,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "high",
   "notes": "Stars: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05, . p<0.10. terrace present: 1 = yes; spatially fixed (global) coefficient in MGWR"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_total",
   "taxonomy_id": "living_area",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.398,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile 0.367, 3rd quartile 0.458; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. log total floor area (m2, excl. basement)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "lnarea_plot",
   "taxonomy_id": "lot_size",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "m2",
   "beta": 0.087,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile 0.061, 3rd quartile 0.111; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. log plot area (m2)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "heat_1",
   "taxonomy_id": "heating",
   "x_transform": "dummy",
   "x_unit": "binary",
   "beta": -0.125,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "*",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile -0.163, 3rd quartile -0.072; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. heating system quality: 1 = poor, 0 = high"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "Age",
   "taxonomy_id": "age",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "years",
   "beta": -0.005,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile -0.006, 3rd quartile -0.004; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. age of building at time of sale"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "enumd_unempl",
   "taxonomy_id": "unemployment",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": -1.52,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile -2.335, 3rd quartile -2.236; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. unemployment rate at enumeration-district level (%); printed 3rd quartile (-2.236) is below the median (-1.520) - printed inconsistency"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_pp_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "income",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": 0.006,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile -0.001, 3rd quartile 0.007; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. municipal purchasing power index (federal state = 100, 2009)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_acad",
   "taxonomy_id": "education_level",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "share",
   "beta": 0.015,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile 0.007, 3rd quartile 0.022; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. municipal proportion of academics (%, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "muni_age_ind",
   "taxonomy_id": "demographics",
   "x_transform": "level",
   "x_unit": "index",
   "beta": -0.028,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile -0.037, 3rd quartile -0.022; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. municipal population age index (5-year cohorts, 2001)"
  },
  {
   "model_id": "T3-MGWR-median",
   "var_name_printed": "ln_muni_popd",
   "taxonomy_id": "density",
   "x_transform": "log",
   "x_unit": "per_km2",
   "beta": 0.065,
   "se": null,
   "t": null,
   "p": null,
   "p_stars": "***",
   "ci_lo": null,
   "ci_hi": null,
   "page": 16,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "notes": "Median of local MGWR coefficients; 1st quartile 0.036, 3rd quartile 0.079; stars = F(3)-test of spatial non-stationarity (*** 0.001, * 0.05), not a significance test of the coefficient. log municipal population density (2001)"
  }
 ]
}