target_id,description,value,unit,year_or_period,geography,frequency,source,series_id,url,raw_file,retrieved,status,notes
T01_labor_share_BLS_nonfarm_index_latest,"BLS nonfarm business sector labor share (index 2017=100), latest observation",93.446,index 2017=100,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),PRS85006173,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PRS85006173,data/raw/fred/PRS85006173.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Nonfarm Business Sector: Labor Share for All Workers [Index 2017=100; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-03]. Index, not a level; 2017=100. Use for trends only."
T01_labor_share_BLS_nonfarm_index_lastfullyear,"BLS nonfarm business sector labor share (index 2017=100), latest full calendar-year average",96.58,index 2017=100,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),PRS85006173,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PRS85006173,data/raw/fred/PRS85006173.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Nonfarm Business Sector: Labor Share for All Workers [Index 2017=100; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-03]. Index, not a level; 2017=100. Use for trends only."
T01_labor_share_BLS_nonfarm_index_avg,"BLS nonfarm business sector labor share (index 2017=100), 1990-latest average of annual means",103.937,index 2017=100,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),PRS85006173,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PRS85006173,data/raw/fred/PRS85006173.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Nonfarm Business Sector: Labor Share for All Workers [Index 2017=100; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-03]. Index, not a level; 2017=100. Use for trends only. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs."
T01_labor_share_COE_GDI_latest,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / gross domestic income, latest observation",0.49919,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/GDI,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDI,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDI.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]."
T01_labor_share_COE_GDI_avg,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / gross domestic income, 1990-latest average",0.542253,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/GDI,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDI,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDI.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T01_labor_share_COE_GDI_lastfullyear,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / gross domestic income, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.50789,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/GDI,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDI,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDI.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]."
T01_labor_share_COE_NDI_latest,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / net domestic income, latest observation",0.596841,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/W256RC1Q027SBEA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=W256RC1Q027SBEA,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/W256RC1Q027SBEA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Net domestic income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Net domestic income = GDI less consumption of fixed capital (BEA NIPA table 1.7.5 line 'Net domestic income')."
T01_labor_share_COE_NDI_avg,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / net domestic income, 1990-latest average",0.642045,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/W256RC1Q027SBEA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=W256RC1Q027SBEA,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/W256RC1Q027SBEA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Net domestic income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Net domestic income = GDI less consumption of fixed capital (BEA NIPA table 1.7.5 line 'Net domestic income'). Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T01_labor_share_COE_NDI_lastfullyear,"National-accounts labor share: compensation of employees / net domestic income, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.607203,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COE/W256RC1Q027SBEA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COE ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=W256RC1Q027SBEA,data/raw/fred/COE.csv ; data/raw/fred/W256RC1Q027SBEA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"National Income: Compensation of Employees, Paid [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Net domestic income [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Net domestic income = GDI less consumption of fixed capital (BEA NIPA table 1.7.5 line 'Net domestic income')."
T01_labor_share_PWT_US_latest,"Penn World Table labour-compensation share of GDP, United States, latest observation",0.568303,ratio,2023,United States,Annual,"FRED (University of Groningen, University of California, Davis)",LABSHPUSA156NRUG,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=LABSHPUSA156NRUG,data/raw/fred/LABSHPUSA156NRUG.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Share of Labour Compensation in GDP at Current National Prices for United States [Ratio; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-02-04]. FRED serves PWT 11.0 (1950-2023). The DataverseNL file pwt1001.xlsx (PWT 10.01, to 2019) is kept as cross-check below."
T01_labor_share_PWT_US_avg,"Penn World Table labour-compensation share of GDP, United States, 1990-latest average",0.604028,ratio,1990-2023,United States,Annual,"FRED (University of Groningen, University of California, Davis)",LABSHPUSA156NRUG,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=LABSHPUSA156NRUG,data/raw/fred/LABSHPUSA156NRUG.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Share of Labour Compensation in GDP at Current National Prices for United States [Ratio; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-02-04]. FRED serves PWT 11.0 (1950-2023). The DataverseNL file pwt1001.xlsx (PWT 10.01, to 2019) is kept as cross-check below. Average: 1990-2023 mean of 34 obs."
T01_labor_share_PWT1001_US_latest,"PWT 10.01 labsh (share of labour compensation in GDP at current national prices), United States, latest",0.597091,ratio,2019,United States,annual,"Penn World Table 10.01 (Feenstra, Inklaar & Timmer 2015), DataverseNL doi:10.34894/QT5BCC",labsh,https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/354095,data/raw/pwt/pwt1001.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,CC BY 4.0.
T01_labor_share_PWT1001_US_avg,"PWT 10.01 labsh, United States, 1990-latest average",0.608054,ratio,1990-2019,United States,annual,Penn World Table 10.01,labsh,https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/354095,data/raw/pwt/pwt1001.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2019 mean of 30 obs
T12_labor_share_PWT1001_CA_latest,"PWT 10.01 labsh (share of labour compensation in GDP at current national prices), Canada, latest",0.65488,ratio,2019,Canada,annual,"Penn World Table 10.01 (Feenstra, Inklaar & Timmer 2015), DataverseNL doi:10.34894/QT5BCC",labsh,https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/354095,data/raw/pwt/pwt1001.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,CC BY 4.0.
T12_labor_share_PWT1001_CA_avg,"PWT 10.01 labsh, Canada, 1990-latest average",0.665831,ratio,1990-2019,Canada,annual,Penn World Table 10.01,labsh,https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/354095,data/raw/pwt/pwt1001.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2019 mean of 30 obs
T02_profits_after_tax_noIVA_GDP_latest,"Corporate profits after tax (without IVA and CCAdj) / GDP, latest observation",0.131435,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CP/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CP ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CP.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax (without IVA and CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CP is the series WITHOUT IVA/CCAdj (book profits).
T02_profits_after_tax_noIVA_GDP_avg,"Corporate profits after tax (without IVA and CCAdj) / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0860756,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CP/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CP ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CP.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax (without IVA and CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CP is the series WITHOUT IVA/CCAdj (book profits). Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T02_profits_after_tax_noIVA_GDP_lastfullyear,"Corporate profits after tax (without IVA and CCAdj) / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.114281,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CP/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CP ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CP.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax (without IVA and CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CP is the series WITHOUT IVA/CCAdj (book profits).
T02_profits_after_tax_IVA_CCAdj_GDP_latest,"Corporate profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj / GDP, latest observation",0.119075,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CPATAX/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CPATAX ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CPATAX.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax with Inventory Valuation Adjustment (IVA) and Capital Consumption Adjustment (CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CPATAX is the series WITH IVA and CCAdj (economic profits).
T02_profits_after_tax_IVA_CCAdj_GDP_avg,"Corporate profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0842923,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CPATAX/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CPATAX ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CPATAX.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax with Inventory Valuation Adjustment (IVA) and Capital Consumption Adjustment (CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CPATAX is the series WITH IVA and CCAdj (economic profits). Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T02_profits_after_tax_IVA_CCAdj_GDP_lastfullyear,"Corporate profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.109693,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),CPATAX/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CPATAX ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/CPATAX.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits After Tax with Inventory Valuation Adjustment (IVA) and Capital Consumption Adjustment (CCAdj) [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. FRED id CPATAX is the series WITH IVA and CCAdj (economic profits).
T02_net_dividends_GDP_latest,"Net corporate dividends (NIPA, after tax with IVA & CCAdj) / GDP, latest observation",0.0675063,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),DIVIDEND/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DIVIDEND ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/DIVIDEND.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj: Net Dividends [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T02_net_dividends_GDP_avg,"Net corporate dividends (NIPA, after tax with IVA & CCAdj) / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0514654,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),DIVIDEND/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DIVIDEND ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/DIVIDEND.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj: Net Dividends [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T02_net_dividends_GDP_lastfullyear,"Net corporate dividends (NIPA, after tax with IVA & CCAdj) / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.0699754,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),DIVIDEND/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DIVIDEND ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/DIVIDEND.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Corporate Profits after tax with IVA and CCAdj: Net Dividends [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T02_net_dividends_annual_GDP_latest,"Net corporate dividend payments (annual NIPA) / GDP (annual), latest observation",0.0699569,ratio,2025,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),B056RC1A027NBEA/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=B056RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/B056RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Net corporate dividend payments [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ].
T02_net_dividends_annual_GDP_avg,"Net corporate dividend payments (annual NIPA) / GDP (annual), 1990-latest average",0.051471,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),B056RC1A027NBEA/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=B056RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/B056RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Net corporate dividend payments [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs.
T02_GDP_annual_nominal_latest,"Nominal GDP, annual, latest observation",30861.3,billions of current US dollars,2025,United States,Annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ].
T02_GDP_quarterly_nominal_latest,"Nominal GDP, quarterly SAAR, latest observation",32563,"billions of current US dollars, SAAR",2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T02_GDP_real_latest,"Real GDP, quarterly SAAR, latest observation",24408,"billions of chained 2017 dollars, SAAR",2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GDPC1,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPC1,data/raw/fred/GDPC1.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Real Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated ].
T02_real_GDP_growth_avg,"Average real GDP growth, 1990-2025 (log, annual means)",0.0247887,per year,1990-2025,United States,annual,FRED (BEA),GDPC1,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPC1,data/raw/fred/GDPC1.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Real Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated ]
T03_household_net_worth_GDP_latest,"Household & nonprofit net worth / GDP, latest observation",6.01512,ratio (years of GDP),2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),TNWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. TNWBSHNO in millions of dollars, GDP in billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3. Quarterly end-of-period net worth over same-quarter annualized GDP."
T03_household_net_worth_GDP_avg,"Household & nonprofit net worth / GDP, 1990-latest average",4.5812,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),TNWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. TNWBSHNO in millions of dollars, GDP in billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3. Quarterly end-of-period net worth over same-quarter annualized GDP. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T03_household_net_worth_GDP_lastfullyear,"Household & nonprofit net worth / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",5.72378,ratio (years of GDP),2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),TNWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. TNWBSHNO in millions of dollars, GDP in billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3. Quarterly end-of-period net worth over same-quarter annualized GDP."
T03_household_real_estate_GDP_latest,"Household & nonprofit real estate at market value / GDP, latest observation",1.66059,ratio (years of GDP),2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),HNOREMQ027S/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3."
T03_household_real_estate_GDP_avg,"Household & nonprofit real estate at market value / GDP, 1990-latest average",1.47016,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),HNOREMQ027S/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T03_household_real_estate_GDP_lastfullyear,"Household & nonprofit real estate at market value / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",1.68868,ratio (years of GDP),2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),HNOREMQ027S/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3."
T03_owners_equity_real_estate_GDP_latest,"Households' owners' equity in real estate / GDP, latest observation",1.09986,ratio (years of GDP),2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),OEHRENWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=OEHRENWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/OEHRENWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated ] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3."
T03_owners_equity_real_estate_GDP_avg,"Households' owners' equity in real estate / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.814515,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),OEHRENWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=OEHRENWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/OEHRENWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated ] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T03_owners_equity_real_estate_GDP_lastfullyear,"Households' owners' equity in real estate / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",1.11528,ratio (years of GDP),2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),OEHRENWBSHNO/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=OEHRENWBSHNO ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/OEHRENWBSHNO.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated ] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Millions over billions SAAR; scaled by 1e-3."
T03_owners_equity_share_of_real_estate_latest,"Owners' equity as % of household real estate, latest observation",71.9292,percent,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HOEREPHRE,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HOEREPHRE,data/raw/fred/HOEREPHRE.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate as a Percentage of Household Real Estate, Level [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ]."
T03_owners_equity_share_of_real_estate_lastfullyear,"Owners' equity as % of household real estate, latest full calendar-year average",71.636,percent,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HOEREPHRE,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HOEREPHRE,data/raw/fred/HOEREPHRE.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate as a Percentage of Household Real Estate, Level [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ]."
T03_owners_equity_share_of_real_estate_avg,"Owners' equity as % of household real estate, 1990-latest average of annual means",60.7308,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HOEREPHRE,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HOEREPHRE,data/raw/fred/HOEREPHRE.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households; Owners' Equity in Real Estate as a Percentage of Household Real Estate, Level [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs."
T03_real_estate_share_of_net_worth_latest,"Household real estate / household net worth, latest observation",0.27607,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HNOREMQ027S/TNWBSHNO,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11]."
T03_real_estate_share_of_net_worth_avg,"Household real estate / household net worth, 1990-latest average",0.322473,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HNOREMQ027S/TNWBSHNO,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios)."
T03_real_estate_share_of_net_worth_lastfullyear,"Household real estate / household net worth, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.295131,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),HNOREMQ027S/TNWBSHNO,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=HNOREMQ027S ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=TNWBSHNO,data/raw/fred/HNOREMQ027S.csv ; data/raw/fred/TNWBSHNO.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Real Estate at Market Value, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11] divided by Households and Nonprofit Organizations; Net Worth, Level [Millions of U.S. Dollars; Quarterly, End of Period; vintage last updated 2026-09-11]."
T04_wealth_share_top1_latest,"Share of household net worth held by the top 1% (TopPt1 + RemainingTop1), latest quarter",32.5,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts (dfa-networth-shares.csv, release dated 2026-09-15 in zip)",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top1,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Percent of total household net worth; DFA combine SCF and Financial Accounts. Public domain.
T04_wealth_share_top1_avg,"Share of household net worth held by the top 1% (TopPt1 + RemainingTop1), 1990-latest average",27.9604,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top1,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs
T04_wealth_share_top10_latest,"Share of household net worth held by the top 10% (top 1% + Next9), latest quarter",68.9,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts (dfa-networth-shares.csv, release dated 2026-09-15 in zip)",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top10,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Percent of total household net worth; DFA combine SCF and Financial Accounts. Public domain.
T04_wealth_share_top10_avg,"Share of household net worth held by the top 10% (top 1% + Next9), 1990-latest average",65.2993,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top10,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs
T04_wealth_share_top0p1_latest,"Share of household net worth held by the top 0.1%, latest quarter",15,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts (dfa-networth-shares.csv, release dated 2026-09-15 in zip)",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top0p1,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Percent of total household net worth; DFA combine SCF and Financial Accounts. Public domain.
T04_wealth_share_top0p1_avg,"Share of household net worth held by the top 0.1%, 1990-latest average",11.3236,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:top0p1,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs
T04_wealth_share_next40_latest,"Share of household net worth held by the 50th-90th percentiles, latest quarter",28.8,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts (dfa-networth-shares.csv, release dated 2026-09-15 in zip)",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:next40,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Percent of total household net worth; DFA combine SCF and Financial Accounts. Public domain.
T04_wealth_share_next40_avg,"Share of household net worth held by the 50th-90th percentiles, 1990-latest average",32.3924,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:next40,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs
T04_wealth_share_bottom50_latest,"Share of household net worth held by the bottom 50%, latest quarter",2.3,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts (dfa-networth-shares.csv, release dated 2026-09-15 in zip)",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:bottom50,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Percent of total household net worth; DFA combine SCF and Financial Accounts. Public domain.
T04_wealth_share_bottom50_avg,"Share of household net worth held by the bottom 50%, 1990-latest average",2.31389,percent,1990-2025,United States,annual average,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Net worth:bottom50,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs
T04_corporate_equity_share_top10_latest,Share of directly/indirectly held corporate equities & mutual fund shares held by the top 10%,88.1,percent,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,"Federal Reserve Board, Distributional Financial Accounts",dfa-networth-shares:Corporate equities and mutual fund shares:top10,https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/dataviz/download/zips/dfa.zip,data/raw/fed_dfa/unzipped/dfa-networth-shares.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Excludes equities held through DC pensions (DFA definition).
T04_wealth_share_top1_FRED_latest,"Share of net worth held by the top 1% (FRED mirror of DFA), latest observation",32.5,percent,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),WFRBST01134,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=WFRBST01134,data/raw/fred/WFRBST01134.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Net Worth Held by the Top 1% (99th to 100th Wealth Percentiles) [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ].
T04_wealth_share_p90_99_FRED_latest,"Share of net worth held by the 90th-99th percentiles (FRED mirror of DFA), latest observation",36.4,percent,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),WFRBSN09161,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=WFRBSN09161,data/raw/fred/WFRBSN09161.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Net Worth Held by the 90th to 99th Wealth Percentiles [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ].
T04_wealth_share_p50_90_FRED_latest,"Share of net worth held by the 50th-90th percentiles (FRED mirror of DFA), latest observation",28.8,percent,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),WFRBSN40188,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=WFRBSN40188,data/raw/fred/WFRBSN40188.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Net Worth Held by the 50th to 90th Wealth Percentiles [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ].
T04_wealth_share_bottom50_FRED_latest,"Share of net worth held by the bottom 50% (FRED mirror of DFA), latest observation",2.3,percent,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),WFRBSB50215,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=WFRBSB50215,data/raw/fred/WFRBSB50215.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Net Worth Held by the Bottom 50% (1st to 50th Wealth Percentiles) [Percent; Quarterly; vintage last updated ].
T05_GPDI_GDP_latest,"Gross private domestic investment / GDP, latest observation",0.178837,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GPDI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GPDI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/GPDI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_GPDI_GDP_avg,"Gross private domestic investment / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.175027,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GPDI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GPDI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/GPDI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_GPDI_GDP_lastfullyear,"Gross private domestic investment / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.180123,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),GPDI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GPDI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/GPDI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_PNFI_GDP_latest,"Private nonresidential fixed investment / GDP, latest observation",0.145477,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),PNFI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PNFI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/PNFI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private Nonresidential Fixed Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_PNFI_GDP_avg,"Private nonresidential fixed investment / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.130236,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),PNFI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PNFI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/PNFI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private Nonresidential Fixed Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_PNFI_GDP_lastfullyear,"Private nonresidential fixed investment / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.141459,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),PNFI/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=PNFI ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/PNFI.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private Nonresidential Fixed Investment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_info_processing_equipment_GDP_latest,"Nonresidential investment in information processing equipment / GDP, latest observation",0.0256862,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y034RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y034RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y034RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Equipment: Information Processing Equipment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_info_processing_equipment_GDP_avg,"Nonresidential investment in information processing equipment / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0213859,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y034RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y034RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y034RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Equipment: Information Processing Equipment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_info_processing_equipment_GDP_lastfullyear,"Nonresidential investment in information processing equipment / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.0211305,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y034RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y034RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y034RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Equipment: Information Processing Equipment [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_software_GDP_latest,"Nonresidential investment in software (IPP) / GDP, latest observation",0.0248523,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),B985RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=B985RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/B985RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual property products: Software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_software_GDP_avg,"Nonresidential investment in software (IPP) / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0154351,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),B985RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=B985RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/B985RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual property products: Software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_software_GDP_lastfullyear,"Nonresidential investment in software (IPP) / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.0243417,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),B985RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=B985RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/B985RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual property products: Software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_IPE_and_software_GDP_latest,"Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software / GDP, latest observation",0.0505384,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A679RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A679RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/A679RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_IPE_and_software_GDP_avg,"Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.036821,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A679RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A679RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/A679RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_IPE_and_software_GDP_lastfullyear,"Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.0454722,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A679RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A679RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/A679RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Private fixed investment in information processing equipment and software [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T05_IPP_GDP_latest,"Nonresidential investment in intellectual property products / GDP, latest observation",0.0577131,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y001RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y001RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y001RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual Property Products [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. The brief suggested Y001RC1Q027SBEA as 'total nonresidential'; FRED metadata shows it is the IPP component. PNFI is the total.
T05_IPP_GDP_avg,"Nonresidential investment in intellectual property products / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.0401949,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y001RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y001RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y001RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual Property Products [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. The brief suggested Y001RC1Q027SBEA as 'total nonresidential'; FRED metadata shows it is the IPP component. PNFI is the total. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T05_IPP_GDP_lastfullyear,"Nonresidential investment in intellectual property products / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.0559528,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),Y001RC1Q027SBEA/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=Y001RC1Q027SBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/Y001RC1Q027SBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Gross Private Domestic Investment: Fixed Investment: Nonresidential: Intellectual Property Products [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. The brief suggested Y001RC1Q027SBEA as 'total nonresidential'; FRED metadata shows it is the IPP component. PNFI is the total.
T06_net_stock_private_fixed_assets_GDP_latest,"Current-cost net stock of private fixed assets (total) / GDP, latest observation",2.3919,ratio (years of GDP),2024,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),K1PTOTL1ES000/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]. End-of-year current-cost net stock (millions) over annual nominal GDP (billions); scaled 1e-3."
T06_net_stock_private_fixed_assets_GDP_avg,"Current-cost net stock of private fixed assets (total) / GDP, 1990-latest average",2.25024,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2024,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),K1PTOTL1ES000/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]. End-of-year current-cost net stock (millions) over annual nominal GDP (billions); scaled 1e-3. Average: 1990-2024 mean of 35 obs."
T06_net_stock_private_nonres_fixed_assets_GDP_latest,"Current-cost net stock of private nonresidential fixed assets / GDP, latest observation",1.22188,ratio (years of GDP),2024,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),K1NTOTL1ES000/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1NTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/K1NTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]."
T06_net_stock_private_nonres_fixed_assets_GDP_avg,"Current-cost net stock of private nonresidential fixed assets / GDP, 1990-latest average",1.19968,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2024,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),K1NTOTL1ES000/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1NTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/K1NTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2024 mean of 35 obs."
T06_depreciation_rate_private_total_latest,"Implied depreciation rate: current-cost depreciation / net stock, private fixed assets (total), latest observation",0.0568171,per year,2024,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),M1PTOTL1ES000/K1PTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=M1PTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/M1PTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Depreciation of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Both current-cost, BEA Fixed Assets tables 1.1 and 1.3; depreciation during year t over end-of-year-t net stock (not lagged stock)."
T06_depreciation_rate_private_total_avg,"Implied depreciation rate: current-cost depreciation / net stock, private fixed assets (total), 1990-latest average",0.0558836,per year,1990-2024,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),M1PTOTL1ES000/K1PTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=M1PTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/M1PTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Depreciation of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Both current-cost, BEA Fixed Assets tables 1.1 and 1.3; depreciation during year t over end-of-year-t net stock (not lagged stock). Average: 1990-2024 mean of 35 obs."
T06_depreciation_rate_private_nonres_latest,"Implied depreciation rate: private nonresidential fixed assets, latest observation",0.088972,per year,2024,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),M1NTOTL1ES000/K1NTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=M1NTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1NTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/M1NTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1NTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Depreciation of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Current-cost depreciation over end-of-year current-cost net stock, nonresidential."
T06_depreciation_rate_private_nonres_avg,"Implied depreciation rate: private nonresidential fixed assets, 1990-latest average",0.0843184,per year,1990-2024,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),M1NTOTL1ES000/K1NTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=M1NTOTL1ES000 ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1NTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/M1NTOTL1ES000.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1NTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Current-Cost Depreciation of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2025-10-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private: Nonresidential [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Current-cost depreciation over end-of-year current-cost net stock, nonresidential. Average: 1990-2024 mean of 35 obs."
T06_CFC_GDP_latest,"Consumption of fixed capital (NIPA, total economy) / GDP, latest observation",0.164566,ratio,2026Q2,United States,quarterly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COFC/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COFC ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/COFC.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumption of Fixed Capital [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T06_CFC_GDP_avg,"Consumption of fixed capital (NIPA, total economy) / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.155174,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COFC/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COFC ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/COFC.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumption of Fixed Capital [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs (annual means of quarterly ratios).
T06_CFC_GDP_lastfullyear,"Consumption of fixed capital (NIPA, total economy) / GDP, latest full calendar year (mean of quarters)",0.163804,ratio,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),COFC/GDP,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=COFC ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDP,data/raw/fred/COFC.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDP.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumption of Fixed Capital [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product [Billions of Dollars; Quarterly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30].
T06_CFC_private_GDP_latest,"Consumption of fixed capital: private / GDP (annual), latest observation",0.136523,ratio,2025,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A024RC1A027NBEA/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A024RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/A024RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumption of fixed capital: Private [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ].
T06_CFC_private_GDP_avg,"Consumption of fixed capital: private / GDP (annual), 1990-latest average",0.12605,ratio,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A024RC1A027NBEA/GDPA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A024RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GDPA,data/raw/fred/A024RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/GDPA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumption of fixed capital: Private [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Gross Domestic Product (annual) [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs.
T06_CFC_private_over_net_stock_latest,"NIPA private CFC / current-cost net stock of private fixed assets, latest observation",0.0569093,per year,2024,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A024RC1A027NBEA/K1PTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A024RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/A024RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Consumption of fixed capital: Private [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Billions over millions, scaled 1e3. Alternative depreciation-rate measure."
T06_CFC_private_over_net_stock_avg,"NIPA private CFC / current-cost net stock of private fixed assets, 1990-latest average",0.0558858,per year,1990-2024,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis),A024RC1A027NBEA/K1PTOTL1ES000,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=A024RC1A027NBEA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=K1PTOTL1ES000,data/raw/fred/A024RC1A027NBEA.csv ; data/raw/fred/K1PTOTL1ES000.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Consumption of fixed capital: Private [Billions of Dollars; Annual; vintage last updated 2026-09-30] divided by Current-Cost Net Stock of Fixed Assets: Private [Millions of Dollars; Annual, End of Year; vintage last updated 2025-10-30]. Billions over millions, scaled 1e3. Alternative depreciation-rate measure. Average: 1990-2024 mean of 35 obs."
T07_TIPS10_daily_latest,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield, latest observation",2.66,percent per year,2026-10-23,United States,Daily,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),DFII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DFII10,data/raw/fred/DFII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Daily; vintage last updated ]. Average over 2003-latest (TIPS data start 2003), not 1990."
T07_TIPS10_daily_lastfullyear,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield, latest full calendar-year average",1.96309,percent per year,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),DFII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DFII10,data/raw/fred/DFII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Daily; vintage last updated ]. Average over 2003-latest (TIPS data start 2003), not 1990."
T07_TIPS10_daily_avg,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield, 1990-latest average of annual means",0.97271,percent per year,2003-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),DFII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=DFII10,data/raw/fred/DFII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Daily; vintage last updated ]. Average over 2003-latest (TIPS data start 2003), not 1990. Average: 2003-2025 mean of 23 obs."
T07_TIPS10_monthly_latest,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield (monthly), latest observation",2.64,percent per year,2026-09,United States,Monthly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),FII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=FII10,data/raw/fred/FII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-01]."
T07_TIPS10_monthly_lastfullyear,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield (monthly), latest full calendar-year average",1.965,percent per year,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),FII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=FII10,data/raw/fred/FII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-01]."
T07_TIPS10_monthly_avg,"10-year TIPS constant-maturity real yield (monthly), 1990-latest average of annual means",0.973297,percent per year,2003-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),FII10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=FII10,data/raw/fred/FII10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-01]. Average: 2003-2025 mean of 23 obs."
T07_real_rate_10y_Cleveland_latest,"10-year real interest rate (Cleveland Fed model: nominal yield minus expected inflation), latest observation",2.4744,percent per year,2026-10,United States,Monthly,FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland),REAINTRATREARAT10Y,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=REAINTRATREARAT10Y,data/raw/fred/REAINTRATREARAT10Y.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,10-Year Real Interest Rate [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14].
T07_real_rate_10y_Cleveland_lastfullyear,"10-year real interest rate (Cleveland Fed model: nominal yield minus expected inflation), latest full calendar-year average",1.71327,percent per year,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland),REAINTRATREARAT10Y,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=REAINTRATREARAT10Y,data/raw/fred/REAINTRATREARAT10Y.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,10-Year Real Interest Rate [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14].
T07_real_rate_10y_Cleveland_avg,"10-year real interest rate (Cleveland Fed model: nominal yield minus expected inflation), 1990-latest average of annual means",1.7764,percent per year,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland),REAINTRATREARAT10Y,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=REAINTRATREARAT10Y,data/raw/fred/REAINTRATREARAT10Y.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,10-Year Real Interest Rate [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs.
T07_nominal_10y_latest,"10-year Treasury constant-maturity nominal yield (monthly), latest observation",4.99,percent per year,2026-09,United States,Monthly,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),GS10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GS10,data/raw/fred/GS10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated ]."
T07_nominal_10y_lastfullyear,"10-year Treasury constant-maturity nominal yield (monthly), latest full calendar-year average",4.29167,percent per year,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),GS10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GS10,data/raw/fred/GS10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated ]."
T07_nominal_10y_avg,"10-year Treasury constant-maturity nominal yield (monthly), 1990-latest average of annual means",4.25072,percent per year,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)),GS10,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=GS10,data/raw/fred/GS10.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis [Percent; Monthly; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs."
T07_TIPS10_treasury_lastfullyear,"10-year par real yield (US Treasury daily real yield curve), latest full calendar-year average",1.96309,percent per year,2025,United States,annual average,"US Department of the Treasury, Daily Treasury Par Real Yield Curve Rates",10 YR,https://home.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/daily-treasury-rates.csv/<year>/all?type=daily_treasury_real_yield_curve&field_tdr_date_value=<year>&page&_format=csv,data/raw/treasury/daily_treasury_real_yield_curve_<year>.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Cross-check of DFII10; public domain.
T07_TIPS10_treasury_avg,"10-year par real yield (Treasury), 2003-latest average of annual means",0.97271,percent per year,2003-2025,United States,annual average,US Department of the Treasury,10 YR,https://home.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/,data/raw/treasury/,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,2003-2025 mean of 23 obs
T07_real_rate_10y_Cleveland_xlsx_latest,10-year real rate from the Cleveland Fed inflation-expectations workbook (decimal x100),2.4744,percent per year,2026-10,United States,monthly,"Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Inflation Expectations model",Real Rate 10-year,https://www.clevelandfed.org/-/media/files/webcharts/inflationexpectations/inflation-expectations.xlsx,data/raw/clevelandfed/inflation-expectations.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Cross-check of REAINTRATREARAT10Y. Model of Haubrich, Pennacchi & Ritchken (2012)."
T07_expected_inflation_10y_Cleveland_latest,10-year expected inflation (Cleveland Fed model),2.72551,percent per year,2026-10,United States,monthly,Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland,10 year Expected Inflation,https://www.clevelandfed.org/-/media/files/webcharts/inflationexpectations/inflation-expectations.xlsx,data/raw/clevelandfed/inflation-expectations.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,
T08_CAPE_latest,"Shiller cyclically adjusted P/E (CAPE, P/E10), latest observation in file",30.811,ratio,2023-09,United States,monthly,"Robert J. Shiller, online data for 'Irrational Exuberance' (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,VINTAGE CAVEAT: file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent). D and E are 12-month trailing sums interpolated monthly by Shiller; P is the monthly average of daily closes.
T08_CAPE_avg,"Shiller cyclically adjusted P/E (CAPE, P/E10), 1990-latest average of annual means",26.4486,ratio,1990-2022,United States,annual average,"Robert J. Shiller, online data (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2022 mean of 33 obs. file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent).
T08_dividend_yield_latest,"S&P composite dividend yield D/P (trailing 12-month dividends / price), latest observation in file",0.0158122,ratio,2023-06,United States,monthly,"Robert J. Shiller, online data for 'Irrational Exuberance' (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,VINTAGE CAVEAT: file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent). D and E are 12-month trailing sums interpolated monthly by Shiller; P is the monthly average of daily closes.
T08_dividend_yield_avg,"S&P composite dividend yield D/P (trailing 12-month dividends / price), 1990-latest average of annual means",0.0203004,ratio,1990-2022,United States,annual average,"Robert J. Shiller, online data (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2022 mean of 33 obs. file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent).
T08_earnings_yield_latest,"S&P composite earnings yield E/P (trailing 12-month earnings / price), latest observation in file",0.0416926,ratio,2023-06,United States,monthly,"Robert J. Shiller, online data for 'Irrational Exuberance' (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,VINTAGE CAVEAT: file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent). D and E are 12-month trailing sums interpolated monthly by Shiller; P is the monthly average of daily closes.
T08_earnings_yield_avg,"S&P composite earnings yield E/P (trailing 12-month earnings / price), 1990-latest average of annual means",0.0461352,ratio,1990-2022,United States,annual average,"Robert J. Shiller, online data (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2022 mean of 33 obs. file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent).
T08_CAPE_longrun_avg,"Shiller CAPE, full-sample mean of annual means",17.3383,ratio,1881-2022,United States,annual average,"Robert J. Shiller, online data (ie_data.xls)",ie_data.xls Data sheet,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/ie_data.xls,data/raw/shiller/ie_data.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,file ends 2023-09 (the Yale copy retrieved on 2026-10-27 is not more recent)
T09_real_home_price_index_latest,"Shiller US real home price index (1890=100), latest observation in file",209.35,index 1890=100,2023-01,United States,monthly (annual before 1953),"Robert J. Shiller, Irrational Exuberance Fig. 3.1 data (Fig3-1.xls)",Fig3-1.xls col B,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/Fig3-1.xls,data/raw/shiller/Fig3-1.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,VINTAGE CAVEAT: file ends 2023-01. Nominal index = Case-Shiller national (S&P/CoreLogic) spliced to Grebler/PHCPI; deflated by CPI by Shiller.
T09_real_home_price_growth_1990,"Average real home price growth (log, annual means), 1990-2023",0.015376,per year,1990-2023,United States,annual,"Robert J. Shiller, Fig3-1.xls",Fig3-1.xls col B,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/Fig3-1.xls,data/raw/shiller/Fig3-1.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Computed from annual means of the real index.
T09_real_home_price_growth_1890,"Average real home price growth (log, annual means), 1890-2023",0.00555516,per year,1890-2023,United States,annual,"Robert J. Shiller, Fig3-1.xls",Fig3-1.xls col B,http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data/Fig3-1.xls,data/raw/shiller/Fig3-1.xls,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Computed from annual means of the real index.
T09_rent_price_ratio_proxy_latest,"Rent-price ratio proxy index (2000=100), latest",74.817,index Jan-2000=100,2026-07,United States,monthly,FRED (BLS CUSR0000SEHA; S&P Dow Jones Indices CSUSHPISA),CUSR0000SEHA/CSUSHPISA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CUSR0000SEHA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CSUSHPISA,data/raw/fred/CUSR0000SEHA.csv ; data/raw/fred/CSUSHPISA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"PROXY ONLY: index of (CPI rent of primary residence) / (Case-Shiller national HPI), both rebased to Jan 2000 = 100. It tracks the change in the rent-price ratio relative to 2000, not its level; no key-less level series of the rent-price ratio was available."
T09_rent_price_ratio_proxy_avg,"Rent-price ratio proxy index (2000=100), 1990-latest average",91.1414,index Jan-2000=100,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (BLS; S&P Dow Jones Indices),CUSR0000SEHA/CSUSHPISA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CUSR0000SEHA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CSUSHPISA,data/raw/fred/CUSR0000SEHA.csv ; data/raw/fred/CSUSHPISA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"PROXY ONLY: index of (CPI rent of primary residence) / (Case-Shiller national HPI), both rebased to Jan 2000 = 100. It tracks the change in the rent-price ratio relative to 2000, not its level; no key-less level series of the rent-price ratio was available. 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs"
T09_rent_cpi_growth_1990,"Average growth of CPI rent of primary residence (log, annual means), 1990-2025",0.0327101,per year,1990-2025,United States,annual,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),CUSR0000SEHA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CUSR0000SEHA,data/raw/fred/CUSR0000SEHA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Rent of Primary Residence in U.S. City Average [Index 1982-1984=100; Monthly; vintage last updated ]
T09_case_shiller_growth_1990,"Average growth of Case-Shiller national home price index (nominal) (log, annual means), 1990-2025",0.0414744,per year,1990-2025,United States,annual,FRED (S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC),CSUSHPISA,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CSUSHPISA,data/raw/fred/CSUSHPISA.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,S&P Cotality Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index [Index Jan 2000=100; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-09-30]
T09_case_shiller_real_growth_1990,"Average real growth of Case-Shiller national HPI deflated by CPI-U (log, annual means), 1990-2025",0.0156958,per year,1990-2025,United States,annual,FRED (S&P Dow Jones Indices; BLS),CSUSHPISA/CPIAUCSL,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CSUSHPISA ; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=CPIAUCSL,data/raw/fred/CSUSHPISA.csv ; data/raw/fred/CPIAUCSL.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,
T10_datacenter_electricity_2023_TWh,"US data center electricity use, 2023",176,TWh,2023,United States,annual,"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 7, printed page 5): '...reaching 176 TWh by 2023, representing 4.4% of total U.S. electricity consumption'. Includes servers, storage, network and infrastructure (PUE), bottom-up model."
T10_datacenter_share_of_US_electricity_2023,"US data center electricity use as share of total US electricity consumption, 2023",4.4,percent,2023,United States,annual,"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 7, printed page 5): 'reaching 176 TWh by 2023, representing 4.4% of total U.S. electricity consumption'."
T10_datacenter_electricity_2018_TWh,"US data center electricity use, 2018",76,TWh,2018,United States,annual,"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 7, printed page 5): 'by 2018 data centers consumed about 76 TWh, representing 1.9% of total annual U.S. electricity consumption'."
T10_datacenter_share_of_US_electricity_2018,"US data center share of total US electricity consumption, 2018",1.9,percent,2018,United States,annual,"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 7, printed page 5)."
T10_datacenter_electricity_2028_low_TWh,"US data center electricity use, 2028 projection, low scenario",325,TWh,2028,United States,annual (projection),"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 8, printed page 6): 'low and high end of roughly 325 and 580 TWh in 2028'. Scenario range, not a forecast."
T10_datacenter_electricity_2028_high_TWh,"US data center electricity use, 2028 projection, high scenario",580,TWh,2028,United States,annual (projection),"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 8, printed page 6)."
T10_datacenter_share_2028_low,"US data center share of total US electricity consumption, 2028 projection, low",6.7,percent,2028,United States,annual (projection),"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 8, printed page 6): '6.7% to 12.0% of total U.S. electricity consumption'."
T10_datacenter_share_2028_high,"US data center share of total US electricity consumption, 2028 projection, high",12,percent,2028,United States,annual (projection),"Shehabi, A., Newkirk, A., Smith, S.J., et al. (2024), 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL-2001637, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (DOI 10.71468/P1WC7Q)",text,https://escholarship.org/content/qt32d6m0d1/qt32d6m0d1.pdf,data/raw/lbnl/lbnl-2024-united-states-data-center-energy-usage-report.pdf,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Quote (PDF page 8, printed page 6)."
T10_US_net_generation_2025_TWh,"US net electricity generation, all sectors, utility-scale facilities, 2025",4425.03,TWh,2025,United States,annual,"EIA, Electric Power Annual / Electric Power Monthly Table 1.1 (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics)","All Energy Sources, Utility Scale Facilities, Net Generation (thousand MWh)",https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_01_01.xlsx,data/raw/eia/epa_01_01.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Thousand megawatthours converted to TWh (/1000). Public domain. Excludes small-scale solar (reported separately in the table).
T10_US_net_generation_2024_TWh,"US net electricity generation, all sectors, utility-scale facilities, 2024",4308.63,TWh,2024,United States,annual,"EIA, Electric Power Annual / Electric Power Monthly Table 1.1 (Total Electric Power Industry Summary Statistics)","All Energy Sources, Utility Scale Facilities, Net Generation (thousand MWh)",https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_01_01.xlsx,data/raw/eia/epa_01_01.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Thousand megawatthours converted to TWh (/1000). Public domain. Excludes small-scale solar (reported separately in the table).
T10_US_retail_sales_2025_TWh,"US retail sales of electricity to ultimate customers, all sectors, 2025",4079.91,TWh,2025,United States,annual,"EIA, Electric Power Annual Table 1.1 (Sales of Electricity to Ultimate Customers, thousand MWh)",All Sectors retail sales,https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_01_01.xlsx,data/raw/eia/epa_01_01.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Thousand MWh / 1000. Retail sales approximate end-use consumption (exclude direct use and losses).
T10_US_retail_sales_2024_TWh,"US retail sales of electricity to ultimate customers, all sectors, 2024",3975.38,TWh,2024,United States,annual,"EIA, Electric Power Annual Table 1.1 (Sales of Electricity to Ultimate Customers, thousand MWh)",All Sectors retail sales,https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_01_01.xlsx,data/raw/eia/epa_01_01.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Thousand MWh / 1000. Retail sales approximate end-use consumption (exclude direct use and losses).
T11_compute_price_performance_doubling_all,"Doubling time of FLOP/s per US dollar (Epoch 'Price-performance' column), OLS of log2(price-performance) on release year, all hardware with a price and price-performance entry",2.02229,years per doubling,2008-2026,global (hardware market),cross-section of hardware releases,"Epoch AI, 'Machine Learning Hardware' dataset (https://epoch.ai/data/machine-learning-hardware), CC BY 4.0",Price-performance; Release date,https://epoch.ai/data/ml_hardware.csv,data/raw/epoch/ml_hardware.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"n=60, slope=0.494 doublings/yr (x1.41/yr), R2=0.68. Price-performance = Epoch's 'Max performance' FLOP/s (best available precision) over release price; our own OLS, not Epoch's published estimate. Last modified field max: 2026-10-26 20:22:04+00:00."
T11_compute_price_performance_doubling_2015plus,"Doubling time of FLOP/s per US dollar (Epoch 'Price-performance' column), OLS of log2(price-performance) on release year, hardware released 2015 or later",2.02147,years per doubling,2015-2026,global (hardware market),cross-section of hardware releases,"Epoch AI, 'Machine Learning Hardware' dataset (https://epoch.ai/data/machine-learning-hardware), CC BY 4.0",Price-performance; Release date,https://epoch.ai/data/ml_hardware.csv,data/raw/epoch/ml_hardware.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"n=47, slope=0.495 doublings/yr (x1.41/yr), R2=0.55. Price-performance = Epoch's 'Max performance' FLOP/s (best available precision) over release price; our own OLS, not Epoch's published estimate. Last modified field max: 2026-10-26 20:22:04+00:00."
T11_compute_price_performance_caveat,"Caveat for T11: Epoch's 'Max performance' uses the highest-throughput precision available for each chip (FP32 for pre-2017 GPUs, tensor FP16/BF16 or lower for recent accelerators), so part of the trend reflects precision changes, not only hardware progress",,,,global,,Epoch AI,Max performance,https://epoch.ai/data/ml_hardware.csv,data/raw/epoch/ml_hardware.csv,2026-10-27,INFO,Informational row; no value.
T11_compute_price_performance_n,Number of hardware entries with release price and price-performance,60,count,2008-2026,global,,Epoch AI,Price-performance,https://epoch.ai/data/ml_hardware.csv,data/raw/epoch/ml_hardware.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,
T12_labor_share_PWT_CA_latest,"Penn World Table labour-compensation share of GDP, Canada, latest observation",0.659302,ratio,2023,Canada,Annual,"FRED (University of Groningen, University of California, Davis)",LABSHPCAA156NRUG,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=LABSHPCAA156NRUG,data/raw/fred/LABSHPCAA156NRUG.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Labour Compensation in GDP at Current National Prices for Canada [Ratio; Annual; vintage last updated ].
T12_labor_share_PWT_CA_avg,"Penn World Table labour-compensation share of GDP, Canada, 1990-latest average",0.663348,ratio,1990-2023,Canada,Annual,"FRED (University of Groningen, University of California, Davis)",LABSHPCAA156NRUG,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=LABSHPCAA156NRUG,data/raw/fred/LABSHPCAA156NRUG.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Share of Labour Compensation in GDP at Current National Prices for Canada [Ratio; Annual; vintage last updated ]. Average: 1990-2023 mean of 34 obs.
T12_labor_share_COE_GDP_CA_latest,"Canada: compensation of employees / GDP at market prices (income-based, SAAR)",0.492012,ratio,2026Q2,Canada,quarterly,"Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0103-01 (GDP income-based, quarterly)",Compensation of employees / Gross domestic product at market prices,https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/36100103-eng.zip,data/raw/statcan/unzipped/36100103.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Both in millions of dollars SAAR. Statistics Canada Open Licence (https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence).
T12_labor_share_COE_GDP_CA_avg,"Canada: compensation of employees / GDP, 1990-latest average",0.50631,ratio,1990-2025,Canada,annual average,"Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0103-01",COE/GDP,https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/36100103-eng.zip,data/raw/statcan/unzipped/36100103.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs. Statistics Canada Open Licence (https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence).
T12_household_net_worth_GDP_CA_latest,Canada: households & NPISH net worth (market value) / GDP at market prices (SAAR),5.65003,ratio (years of GDP),2026Q2,Canada,quarterly,"Statistics Canada, Tables 36-10-0580-01 (national balance sheet) and 36-10-0103-01 (GDP)","Net worth (Households and NPISH, market value) / GDP",https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/36100580-eng.zip ; https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/36100103-eng.zip,data/raw/statcan/unzipped/36100580.csv ; data/raw/statcan/unzipped/36100103.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Both in millions of CAD; end-of-quarter net worth over same-quarter annualized GDP. Statistics Canada Open Licence (https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence).
T12_household_net_worth_GDP_CA_avg,"Canada: household net worth / GDP, 1990-latest average",4.24828,ratio (years of GDP),1990-2025,Canada,annual average,"Statistics Canada, Tables 36-10-0580-01 and 36-10-0103-01",Net worth / GDP,https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/36100580-eng.zip,data/raw/statcan/unzipped/36100580.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,1990-2025 mean of 36 obs. Statistics Canada Open Licence (https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence).
T13_electricity_price_kWh_latest,"Average price of electricity per kWh, US city average (BLS average price data), latest observation",0.196,US dollars per kWh,2026-09,United States,Monthly,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),APU000072610,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=APU000072610,data/raw/fred/APU000072610.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in U.S. City Average [U.S. Dollars; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14].
T13_electricity_price_kWh_lastfullyear,"Average price of electricity per kWh, US city average (BLS average price data), latest full calendar-year average",0.185182,US dollars per kWh,2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),APU000072610,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=APU000072610,data/raw/fred/APU000072610.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in U.S. City Average [U.S. Dollars; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14].
T13_electricity_price_kWh_avg,"Average price of electricity per kWh, US city average (BLS average price data), 1990-latest average of annual means",0.117723,US dollars per kWh,1990-2025,United States,annual average,FRED (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics),APU000072610,https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.csv?id=APU000072610,data/raw/fred/APU000072610.csv,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Average Price: Electricity per Kilowatt-Hour in U.S. City Average [U.S. Dollars; Monthly; vintage last updated 2026-10-14]. Average: 1990-2025 mean of 36 obs.
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_VA,"Compensation of employees / total value added, all industries, BEA use table 2023",0.512598,ratio,2023,United States,annual,"BEA Input-Output Accounts, IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx",V001/Total Value Added,https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Summary-level use table after redefinitions, producers' prices, millions of current dollars, 2023 (file dated 2024-09-06 inside AllTablesIO.zip). Sum over all 71 summary industries (private + government). Public domain."
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_factor_cost,"Compensation / (compensation + gross operating surplus), all industries, BEA use table 2023",0.547989,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),V001/(V001+V003),https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Summary-level use table after redefinitions, producers' prices, millions of current dollars, 2023 (file dated 2024-09-06 inside AllTablesIO.zip). Sum over all 71 summary industries (private + government). Public domain. Gross operating surplus includes CFC and proprietors' income."
T01_intermediate_share_BEA_IO_2023,"Total intermediate inputs / total industry output, all industries, BEA use table 2023",0.427102,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),Total Intermediate/Total Industry Output,https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,"Summary-level use table after redefinitions, producers' prices, millions of current dollars, 2023 (file dated 2024-09-06 inside AllTablesIO.zip). Sum over all 71 summary industries (private + government). Public domain. Per-industry values in data/processed/bea_io_value_added_2023.csv."
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_utilities,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 22 (Utilities), 2023",0.213625,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 22",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 93352 / VA 436991 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_computer_systems_design,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 5415 (Computer systems design and related services), 2023",0.909213,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 5415",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 514110 / VA 565445 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_publishing_incl_software,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 513 (Broadcasting and telecommunications), 2023",0.227383,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 513",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 106350 / VA 467713 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_computer_electronic_products,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 334 (Computer and electronic products), 2023",0.568323,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 334",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 142641 / VA 250986 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_construction,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 23 (Construction), 2023",0.611608,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 23",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 823367 / VA 1346233 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_professional_services,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 5412OP (Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services), 2023",0.743814,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 5412OP",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 1306504 / VA 1756492 ($mn).
T01_labor_share_BEA_IO_2023_ambulatory_health,"Labor share of value added, BEA summary industry 621 (Ambulatory health care services), 2023",0.766733,ratio,2023,United States,annual,BEA Input-Output Accounts (summary use table 2023),"V001/Total Value Added, column 621",https://apps.bea.gov/industry/iTables%20Static%20Files/AllTablesIO.zip,data/raw/bea_io/unzipped/IOUse_After_Redefinitions_PRO_1997-2023_Summary.xlsx,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Compensation 759777 / VA 990928 ($mn).
T00_crosscheck_BLS_API_PRS85006173_latest,"BLS nonfarm business labor share index (BLS API v1), latest",93.446,Index 2017=100,2026Q2,United States,Quarterly,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics public API v1 (key-less),PRS85006173,"https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v1/timeseries/data/ (POST, 10-year windows)",data/raw/bls/PRS85006173_<years>.json,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Independent retrieval path; should equal the FRED value for the same date.
T00_crosscheck_BLS_API_APU000072610_latest,"Electricity price per kWh (BLS API v1), latest",0.196,U.S. Dollars,2026-09,United States,Monthly,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics public API v1 (key-less),APU000072610,"https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v1/timeseries/data/ (POST, 10-year windows)",data/raw/bls/APU000072610_<years>.json,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Independent retrieval path; should equal the FRED value for the same date.
T00_crosscheck_BLS_API_CUSR0000SEHA_latest,"CPI rent of primary residence (BLS API v1), latest",450.429,Index 1982-1984=100,2026-09,United States,Monthly,U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics public API v1 (key-less),CUSR0000SEHA,"https://api.bls.gov/publicAPI/v1/timeseries/data/ (POST, 10-year windows)",data/raw/bls/CUSR0000SEHA_<years>.json,2026-10-27,RETRIEVED,Independent retrieval path; should equal the FRED value for the same date.