{
  "document_id": "lb_2wikimqa_72132e87102859b583fb69a8a2a6a8b026be4fec5a1437e0",
  "family": "public_2wikimqa",
  "split": "test",
  "text": "Passage 1:\nThomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers\nMajor General Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers (c. 1628 – 14 September 1694) was an English nobleman and soldier.\nHe was the first son of John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers by his wife Catherine, daughter of William Parker, 13th Baron Morley. His father was closely involved in the English Civil War on the Royalist side from 1641. Consequently, he lost his castles at Halton and Rocksavage and their contents were confiscated.\nAbout 1647, he married firstly Elizabeth (b. 1627), illegitimate daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland by his mistress Martha Jeanes. Their children included: Thomas, who married Charlotte, daughter of Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby; Richard, who succeeded as 4th Earl Rivers; Elizabeth; and Annabella. They also had other children who died young.He was widely believed to be a Roman Catholic, and during the Popish Plot he was denounced by informers, but the evidence was so flimsy that no charges were ever brought against him.\nAbout 1684, he married secondly Arabella, daughter of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey. They had no issue.He died at his house in Great Queen Street in the Parish of St Giles in the Fields, Middlesex. A memorial to him by William Stanton was installed in St Michaels Church, Macclesfield.Documented evidence exists in the form of a pamphlet which details a murder by a Thomas Savage of St Giles in the Fields. It is likely the Thomas in question is the son of the 3rd Earl Rivers, or a family relation.\nPassage 2:\nRobert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey\nRobert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey PC FRS (8 November 1630 – 8 May 1701), styled Lord Willoughby de Eresby from 1642 to 1666, was an English nobleman.\nHe was the son of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey and Martha Cokayne. He travelled on the Continent, in France and Italy from 1647 to 1652, attending the University of Padua in 1651. In 1654, he married Mary Massingberd, who died in the late 1650s, after bearing him one daughter:\nLady Arabella Bertie (d. 28 February 1716), married Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers.Before 1660, he married again to Elizabeth Wharton (d. 1669), daughter of Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, by whom he had five children:\nRobert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (1660–1723)\nRt. Hon. Peregrine Bertie (c. 1663–1711)\nHon. Philip Bertie (c. 1664–1728), married Elizabeth Brabazon, daughter of William Brabazon, 3rd Earl of Meath, without issue\nHon. Norris Bertie (c. 1666 – 27 August 1691)\nHon. Albemarle Bertie (c. 1668–1742)He contested Boston in 1661 and was returned to the Cavalier Parliament, in which he sat until he succeeded his father as Earl of Lindsey and Lord Great Chamberlain in 1666. In about 1670, he married a third time, to Lady Elizabeth Pope, daughter of Thomas Pope, 2nd Earl of Downe and widow of Sir Francis Lee, 4th Baronet. By her he had two children:\nHon. Charles Bertie (c. 1683–1727)\nLady Elizabeth Bertie, died unmarriedLindsey had inherited an electoral interest at Stamford, on which his brother Peregrine had been returned since 1665. In a 1677 by-election, Lindsey treated the voters lavishly and secured the election of his candidate against that of the 4th Earl of Exeter, heretofore the predominant interest in the borough. For a brief period, both Peregrine and their younger brother Charles Bertie sat for the borough, but the Exclusion crisis in 1679 temporarily destroyed Lindsey's influence and both were turned out. Lindsey's brothers regained both seats at the 1685 election, but in 1689, he compromised with the 5th Earl of Exeter and each chose one member, Lindsey's brother Charles holding the seat until 1711. In 1694, he put in his younger son Philip at a by-election alongside Charles, but the Exeter interest put up a candidate again in 1698 and Philip did not stand.\nPassage 3:\nRobert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey\nRobert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey KG (16 December 1582 – 24 October 1642), previously (from 1601 to 1626) 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby was an English peer, soldier and courtier.\n\nEarly life\nRobert Bertie was the son of Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (b. 12 October 1555 – d. 25 June 1601) and Mary de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford, and Margery Golding. Queen Elizabeth I was his godmother, and two of her favourite earls (Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex), whose Christian name he bore, were his godfathers.\nHe had been part of Essex's expedition to Cádiz, and had afterwards served in the Netherlands, under Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange. He was even given temporary command of English forces during the Siege of Rheinberg in the summer of 1601. The long Continental wars throughout the peaceful reign of King James I had been treated by the English nobility as schools of arms, as a few campaigns were considered a graceful finish to a gentleman's education.He succeeded his father as Baron Willoughby de Eresby in 1601. He was later created Earl of Lindsey on 22 November 1626 and took his title from the northern of the three parts of Lincolnshire, the old Kingdom of Lindsey.\n\nThe entrepreneur\nThe Lindsey Level in The Fens, between the River Glen and The Haven, at Boston, Lincolnshire, was named after the first Earl Lindsey as he was the principal adventurer in its drainage. The drainage work was declared complete in 1638 but the project was neglected with the onset of the Civil War so that the land fell back into its old state. When it was drained again, more than a hundred years later, it was called the Black Sluice Level. There is more information under the article Twenty, Lincolnshire.\n\nThe English Civil War\nAs soon as Lord Lindsey had begun to fear that the disputes between the King, Charles I and Parliament must end in war, he had begun to exercise and train his tenantry in Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire, of whom he had formed a regiment of infantry.\n\nFirst Siege of Hull\nLord Lindsey accompanied the King in April 1642 as part of a party who tried to negotiate a handover of the magazine at Hull for the King's military use. This handover was turned down by the pro-Parliamentary governor, Sir John Hotham, who expelled the party, causing it to withdraw with the King to York. Early in July, the King returned from York with a force of 3,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, intent on besieging the city, now garrisoned by reinforcing Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Meldrum, returning to York while leaving Lord Lindsey in command through the siege.  Meldrum ordered some effective sorties out of the city, the last of which, on 27 July, blew up the arsenal Lindsey's troops had set up at Anlaby, west of Hull. Lindsey's force, whose cavalry were unsupported by the infantry who had withdrawn to Beverley, gave up the siege after this loss of their munitions and retreated back to York, lifting the siege.\n\nBattle of Edgehill\nAs Lord Lindsey was a most experienced soldier of 59 years of age at the start of the English Civil War, King Charles I had appointed him General-in-chief of the Royalists for the Battle of Edgehill. However, the King had imprudently exempted the cavalry from Lindsey's command, its general, the King's nephew Prince Rupert of the Rhine, taking orders only from the King. Rupert was only 22 years old, and although an experienced soldier who had fought in the Thirty Years' War, he had not yet learnt that cavalry should also be used in support of infantry and not just against the enemy's cavalry.\nWith Lindsey was his son Montagu Bertie, Lord Willoughby who had seen some service against the Spaniards in the Netherlands, and after his return had been made a captain in the Lifeguards, and a Gentleman of the Bedchamber. Anthony van Dyck has left portraits of the father and the son; the one a bald-headed, alert, precise-looking old warrior, with the cuirass and gauntlets of earlier warfare; the other, the very model of a cavalier, tall, easy, and graceful, with a gentle reflective face, and wearing the long lovelocks and deep-point lace collar and cuffs characteristic of Queen Henrietta's Court.\nAt eight o'clock, on the morning of 23 October 1642 King Charles was riding along the ridge of Edge Hill, and looking down into the Vale of the Red Horse, a fair meadow land, here and there broken by hedges and copses. His troops were mustering around him, and in the valley he could see with his telescope the various Parliamentary regiments, as they poured out of the town of Kineton, and took up their positions in three lines. \"I never saw the rebels in a body before,\" he said, as he gazed sadly at the subjects arrayed against him. \"I shall give them battle. God, and the prayers of good men to Him, assist the justice of my cause.\" The whole of his forces were not assembled till two o'clock in the afternoon, for the gentlemen who had become officers found it no easy matter to call their farmers and retainers together, and marshal them into any sort of order.\nLord Lindsey, who was an old comrade of Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, who was by then the commander of the Parliamentarian forces, knew that he would follow the tactics they had both together studied in Holland, little thinking that one day they should be arrayed one against the other in their own native England. He had a high opinion of Essex's generalship, and insisted that the situation of the Royal army required the utmost caution. Rupert, on the other hand, had seen the swift fiery charges of the fierce troopers of the Thirty Years' War, and was backed up by Patrick Ruthven, Lord Ruthven, one of the many Scots who had won honour under King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. A sudden charge of the Royal horse would, Rupert argued, sweep the Roundheads from the field, and the foot would have nothing to do but to follow up the victory. The King, sad enough at having to fight at all with his subjects, and never having seen a battle, seemed entirely bewildered between the ardent words of his spirited nephew and the grave replies of the well-seasoned old Earl. Eventually the King, willing at least not to irritate Rupert, desired that Ruthven should array the troops in the Swedish fashion.\nIt was a greater affront to the General-in-chief than the king was likely to understand, but it could not shake the old soldier's loyalty. He gravely resigned the empty title of General, which only made confusion worse confounded, and rode away to act as colonel of his own Lincolnshire regiment, pitying his master's perplexity, and resolved that no private pique should hinder him from doing his duty. His regiment was of foot soldiers, and was just opposite to the standard of the Earl of Essex.\nIn the afternoon the Royal forces marched down the hill. Prince Rupert's charge was fully successful. No one even waited to cross swords with his troopers, but all the Roundhead horse galloped headlong off the field, hotly pursued by the Royalists. However, the main body of the army stood firm, and for some time the battle was nearly equal, until a large troop of Parliamentary cavalry who had been kept in reserve, wheeled round and fell upon the Royal forces just when their scanty supply of ammunition was exhausted. Step by step, however, they retreated bravely, and Rupert, who had returned from his charge, sought in vain to collect his scattered troopers, so as to fall again on the Roundheads. Some were plundering, some chasing the Roundheads, and none could be got together.\n\nDeath\nLord Lindsey was shot through the thigh bone, and fell. He was instantly surrounded by Roundhead cavalry; but his son, Lord Willoughby, seeing his danger, flung himself alone among them, forced his way forward, and raised his father in his arm, unheeding his own safety. The throng of Roundheads around called to him to surrender, and, hastily giving up his sword, he carried the Earl into the nearest shed, and laid him on a heap of straw, vainly striving to staunch the blood under watch of a Roundhead guard.\nIt was a bitterly cold night, and the frosty wind came howling through the darkness. Lord Lindsey himself murmured, \"If it please God I should survive, I never will fight in the same field with boys again!\"–no doubt deeming that young Rupert had wrought all the mischief. His thoughts were all on the cause, his son's all on him. It proved impossible to stop his wounds bleeding and gradually the old man's strength ebbed away.\nToward midnight the Earl's old comrade Essex had news of his condition, and sent some officers to enquire for him, and promise speedy surgical attendance. Lindsey was still full of spirit, and spoke to them so strongly of their broken faith, and of the sin of disloyalty and rebellion, that they slunk away one by one out of the hut, and dissuaded Essex from coming himself to see his old friend, as he had intended. The surgeon, however, arrived, but too late, Lindsey was already so much exhausted by cold and loss of blood, that he died early in the morning of 24 October 1642, as he was being carried through the gates of Warwick Castle where other Royalist prisoners were being kept. His son, despite King Charles' best efforts to obtain his exchange, remained a prisoner of the Parliamentary side for about a year. Lindsey is buried in St Michael and All Angels Church, Edenham, Lincolnshire.Lord Lindsey should not be confused with Ludovic Lindsay, 16th Earl of Crawford, who also fought for the King at the Battle of Edgehill.\n\nMarriage and issue\nIn 1605, Lindsey married Elizabeth Montagu (d. 30 November 1654, sister of Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton). They had thirteen children:\n\nMontagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey (1608–1666)\nHon. Sir Roger Bertie (d. 15 October 1654), married Ursula Lawley, daughter of Sir Edward Lawley\nHon. Robert Bertie (1 January 1619 – 1708), married firstly Alice Barnard, secondly Elizabeth Bennet, and thirdly Mary Halsey\nHon. Sir Peregrine Bertie, married Anne Hardeby\nCapt. Hon. Francis Bertie (d. 1641), killed in Ireland\nCapt. Hon. Henry Bertie (d. 1643), killed at the First Battle of Newbury\nHon. Vere Bertie, died unmarried\nHon. Edward Bertie (17 October 1624 – 25 December 1686)\nLady Katherine Bertie, married about 1631 Sir William Paston, 1st Baronet, one son, Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth\nLady Elizabeth Bertie (d. 28 February 1684), married in 1661 Sir Miles Stapleton\nLady Anne Bertie (d. 1660), died unmarried\nLady Mary Bertie, married firstly Rev. John Hewett (d. 1658), and secondly Sir Abraham Shipman\nLady Sophia Bertie, married Sir Richard ChaworthThe office of Lord Great Chamberlain descended through to him following the death of his cousin Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford, as being the closest heir male.\n\nNotes\nPassage 4:\nMontagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey\nMontagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey, KG, PC (1608 – 25 July 1666), was an English soldier, courtier, and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1624 and 1626. He was created Baron Willoughby de Eresby by writ of acceleration in 1640 and inherited the peerage of Earl of Lindsey in 1642. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War.\n\nEarly life\nBertie was born in Grimsthorpe Castle, Grimsthorpe, the eldest son of Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, and his wife Elizabeth Montagu, daughter of Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton. After a brief term at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, in 1623, Bertie then served as Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire in 1624 and Stamford from 1625 to 1626, when, upon his father's elevation to an earldom, he assumed the style of Lord Willoughby de Eresby.\nAt some point during his early life, he was also Captain of a cavalry troop in the Low Countries. He rose in favour with King Charles I and was appointed a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, High Steward of Boston, and Steward, Warden and Chief Ranger of Waltham Forest in 1634.In 1639, Willoughby raised The King's Life Guard of Foot, composed of four companies, for service in the First Bishops' War and was given a Captaincy in the regiment. The following year, he was appointed High Steward of the Honour of Bolingbroke and the Manor of Sutton. When the Long Parliament was convened on 3 November 1640, he was summoned to the House of Lords by a writ of acceleration as Baron Willoughby de Eresby. In October 1641, Lord Willoughby and four companions, including Endymion Porter, visited Scotland. Their sight-seeing was recorded in an anonymous poem, A Scottish Journie.\n\nEnglish Civil War\nBoth Lord Willoughby and his father supported the King and raised a regiment of cavalry in Lincolnshire on his behalf. Lord Willoughby commanded the Life Guards at Edgehill, where his father was mortally wounded by a shot through the thigh. Willoughby surrendered to the Parliamentarians in order to attend his father, whom he now succeeded as Earl of Lindsey and Lord Great Chamberlain. He was imprisoned in Warwick Castle, where he wrote a defiant declaration and justification of his loyalty to the King. He was not released until a prisoner exchange in July 1643, whereupon he rejoined the King at Oxford and was appointed a Privy Counsellor in December. As colonel of the King's Life Guards of Foot and subsequently lieutenant-general of the Life Guards \"and all the foot\", he fought at the First Battle of Newbury, Cropredy Bridge, Lostwithiel, Second Battle of Newbury, and was wounded at Naseby. In addition to his military services for the King, Lindsey frequently acted as a commissioner to treat with Parliament and persistently urged reconciliation. The King additionally honored Lindsey with the post of Gentleman of the Bedchamber from 1643 until 1649, and Steward, Keeper and Ranger of Woodstock in 1644.Lindsey was present at the surrender of Oxford in June 1646, attended the King in 1647, and finally served as a commissioner for the Treaty of Newport in 1648. He continued to attend the King during his trial and accompanied the King's body to its burial at Windsor. Lindsey paid heavily for his allegiance, compounding for his estates in December 1646 at £4360 (later reduced to £2100), a sum he did not pay off until 1651.\n\nCommonwealth and Restoration\nAfter the execution of the King, Lindsey retired into private life, and although his movements were carefully monitored by the Council of State, particularly during the Penruddock uprising and Booth's rebellion, he apparently took no part in the Royalist movement.After the Restoration, Lindsey was re-appointed to the Privy Council, admitted as Lord Great Chamberlain, and appointed Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire. He was made a Knight of the Garter on 1 April 1661 and officiated as Lord Great Chamberlain at the coronation of Charles II on 23 April 1661. In 1662, the office of Earl Marshal was placed in commission and he was named one of the commissioners. Lindsey died in 1666 at Campden House, Kensington, the home of his son-in-law, and was buried at Grimsthorpe.\n\nFamily\nBertie married firstly, on 18 April 1627, Martha Ramsay (née Cockayne), Dowager Countess of Holderness and daughter of Sir William Cockayne, at the Church of St Peter-le-Poor in the City of London. They had eight children:\nRobert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey (1630–1701)\nHon. Peregrine Bertie (ca. 1634–1701)\nHon. Richard Bertie (ca. 1635 – 19 January 1685/6)\nHon. Vere Bertie (d. 13 February 1680)\nHon. Charles Bertie (ca. 1640–1711)\nLady Elizabeth Bertie (d. 1683), married the 3rd Viscount Campden and had issue\nLady Bridget Bertie (1629 – 7 January 1704), married the 1st Duke of Leeds and had issue\nLady Catherine Bertie, married Robert DormerMartha died in July 1641, and Bertie married secondly, sometime between 1646 and 1653, Bridget Wray, Baroness Norris, daughter of Edward Wray and Elizabeth Norris. This second marriage produced four children:\nJames Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon (1653–1699)\nHon. Edward Bertie\nHon. Henry Bertie (ca.1656–1734)\nLady Mary Bertie (1655–1709), married Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, no issue\nPassage 5:\nElizabeth Noel, Viscountess Campden\nElizabeth Noel, Viscountess Campden (1640 – July 1683), formerly Lady Elizabeth Bertie, was the fourth wife of Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden, and the mother of nine of his children.\nLady Elizabeth was the daughter of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey, and his first wife, Martha Ramsay (née Cockayne), Dowager Countess of Holderness. Her siblings included Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, Hon. Peregrine Bertie, Hon. Richard Bertie, Hon. Vere Bertie and Hon. Charles Bertie, as well as two sisters.\nElizabeth married Viscount Campden on 6 July 1655, when she was 15 and he was in his forties; he had been widowed three times, and had at least four surviving children, including his heir, Edward. Elizabeth's children by Campden were:\nBaptist Noel, MP, who married Susannah Fanshaw and was the father of Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough\nJohn Noel (1659–1718), who married Elizabeth Sherard and had children\nMartha Penelope Noel, who married a Mr Dormer\nCatherine Noel (1657-1724 or 1733) who married, as his third wife, John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, and had childrenA portrait of Viscountess Campden was painted by Sir Peter Lely. She outlived her husband by a year, and is buried with him at the Church of St Peter and St Paul, in Exton, Rutland.\nPassage 6:\nAlbemarle Bertie (MP)\nAlbemarle Bertie (c. 1668–1742), of Swinstead, Lincolnshire, was an English Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1705 and 1741.\nThe fifth son of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey and his wife Elizabeth Wharton, he successfully contested Lincolnshire for the Whigs at the 1705 English general election. At the 1708 British general election, he stood down at Lincolnshire to make way for his nephew, Lord Willoughby de Eresby and was returned instead for Cockermouth on the interest of his uncle, the 1st Earl of Wharton. He was probably the candidate put up by the Wharton interest at Appleby at the 1710 British general election, who withdrew before the poll expressing a desire to sit no longer in Parliament.Bertie stood for Lincolnshire again at a by-election in 1721, but was defeated. At the 1734 British general election, he was returned for Boston by his nephew, now the 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, but stood down again at the 1741 British general election and died the following year.\nPassage 7:\nSir Francis Lee, 4th Baronet\nSir Francis Henry Lee, 4th Baronet (17 January 1639 – 4 December 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1667.\nLee was the son of Sir Francis Henry Lee, 2nd Baronet, of Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire, and his wife Hon. Anne St. John, daughter of Sir John St John, 1st Baronet of Lydiard Tregoze, later Countess of Rochester. In 1659 he succeeded his brother Henry in the baronetcy.In 1660, Lee was elected Member of Parliament for Malmesbury in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Malmesbury in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death in 1667Lee lived at Ditchley, Oxfordshire, and died at the age of 28.\nLee married Lady Elizabeth Pope, daughter of Thomas Pope, 2nd Earl of Downe (later third wife of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey). His son Edward succeeded to the baronetcy and was later ennobled as Earl of Lichfield.\nPassage 8:\nRobert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven\nRobert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, PC (17 October 1756  – 8 July 1779), styled Lord Robert Bertie until 1758 and Marquess of Lindsey between 1758 and 1778, was a British peer. He was born in Grimsthorpe, the second son of the General Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (died 1778), and Mary Panton (died 1793)\nOn the death of his elder brother, Peregrine Thomas Bertie, Marquess of Lindsey, on 12 December 1758, he inherited the courtesy title of Marquess of Lindsey. He was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge.About 1777, he served as a volunteer in North America. A lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot, on 20 January 1778, he was promoted to a captaincy in the 15th Regiment of Foot.On his father's death on 12 August 1778, he succeeded as 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, 4th Marquess of Lindsey, 7th Earl of Lindsey, 20th Baron Willoughby de Eresby and Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain. He was the last to hold the Lord Great Chamberlainship as an undivided office. On 12 February 1779 he was invested as Privy Counsellor and was Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire.\nHe never married and died in Grimsthorpe on 8 July 1779 from scarlet fever. At the time of his death he was engaged to Lady Anna Waldegrave, daughter of James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, and Maria Walpole, the illegitimate granddaughter of Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister. Lady Waldegrave, after her husband's death, married in secret Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, a younger brother of King George III, a marriage which outraged the King and led to the passing of the Royal Marriages Act 1772. After his death, his fiancée married Lord Hugh Seymour. He was buried on 22 July 1779 in Edenham. On his death, the Hereditary Lord Great Chamberlainship and the Barony Willoughby de Eresby fell into abeyance between his two sisters, all other titles of his passed to his uncle. An illegitimate daughter of the 4th duke, Susan, was married to Banastre Tarleton; but there were no children.\nPassage 9:\nRobert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven\nRobert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven PC (20 October 1660 – 26 July 1723), styled 17th Baron Willoughby de Eresby between 1666 and 1701, and known as 4th Earl of Lindsey between 1701 and 1706, and as 1st Marquess of Lindsey between 1706 and 1715, was a British statesman and nobleman.\n\nEarly life\nBertie was the eldest son of Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey and, his second wife, the Hon. Elizabeth Wharton. Among his younger brothers were Hon. Peregrine Bertie (the Vice Chamberlain to King William III and to Queen Anne, Teller of the Exchequer), Hon. Philip Bertie (Auditor of the Duchy of Cornwall, who married Lady Elizabeth Brabazon, eldest daughter of William Brabazon, 3rd Earl of Meath), Hon. Norris Bertie (a Lt. of the Royal Navy), and Hon. Albemarle Bertie (MP who also served as Auditor of the Duchy of Cornwall. Among his sisters were Lady Jane Bertie (wife of Maj.-Gen. Edward Mathew, Governor of Grenada), Lady Caroline Bertie (second wife of Capt. George Dewar). From his father's first marriage to Mary (née Massingberd) Berkeley (widow of Hon. George Berkeley and second daughter John Massingberd, Treasurer of the East India Company), he had an elder half-sister, Lady Arabella Bertie (second wife Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers).His paternal grandparents were Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey, and the former Martha Cokayne. Among his large extended family were uncles Peregrine, Richard, Vere, and Charles Bertie, and aunts Lady Elizabeth (wife of the 3rd Viscount Campden) and Lady Bridget (wife of the 1st Duke of Leeds). His mother was the only child of Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton and the former Elizabeth Wandesford (daughter of Sir Rowland Wandesford of Pickhill, an attorney of the Court of Wards and Liveries).\n\nCareer\nLord Willoughby entered Parliament as Member of Parliament for Boston in 1685, and sat in the Loyal Parliament, from 1685 to 1687, and the Convention Parliament from 1689 to 1690. He was commissioned captain of an independent troop of horse raised to suppress the Monmouth Rebellion on 20 June 1685.  In 1688, Bertie took part in the northern rising led by his kinsman, the Earl of Danby, in favour of William of Orange. He was rewarded with the chancellorship of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1689, a post which enabled him to secure a seat at Preston at the general election of 1690.In 1690, he was returned for Preston, but was soon forced to leave the House of Commons for the House of Lords after receiving a writ of acceleration as Baron Willoughby de Eresby. Lord Willougby inherited the earldom of Lindsey on his father's death in 1701, and was invested a Privy Counsellor one month later; along with the Earldom of Lindsey, he also inherited the offices of Lord Great Chamberlain and Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, both of which he would hold until his death and would pass onto his son, the 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven.Lord Lindsey, as he was now styled, was then created Marquess of Lindsey in 1706, and was finally created Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven in 1715, with a special remainder failing the heirs male of his body, to the heirs male of the body of his father, Robert, late Earl of Lindsey, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Philip, Lord Wharton. Also in 1715, he temporarily served as a Lord Justice.In 1715, he employed Sir John Vanbrugh to design a baroque front to his house at Grimsthorpe to celebrate his ennoblement as first Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven.\n\nPersonal life\nOn 30 July 1678, Lord Willoughby married Mary Wynn (d. 1689), a Welsh heiress and direct descendant of the princely house of Aberffraw. She was the daughter, and sole heiress, of Sir Richard Wynn, 4th Baronet of Gwydyr Estate and the former Sarah Myddelton (daughter of Sir Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle). They had five children, including:\nRobert Bertie, Lord Willoughby (1683–1704), who died while studying at the Wolfenbüttel Ritter-Akademie\nPeregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (1686–1742), who married Jane Brownlow, third daughter of Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet.\nLady Elizabeth Bertie, who died unmarried.\nLady Eleanor Bertie, who died unmarried.\nLady Mary Bertie, who died unmarried.After the death of his first wife in 1689, he married Albinia Farington on 6 July 1705. She was a daughter of Maj.-Gen. William Farington of Chislehurst and the former Theodosia Betenson (sister and co-heiress of Sir Edward Betenson, 1st Baronet). Together, they were the parents of:\nLord Vere Bertie (d. 1768), an MP for Boston who married Ann Casey, illegitimate daughter of Sir Cecil Wray, 11th Baronet, in 1736.\nCapt. Lord Montagu Bertie (d. 1753), who married Elizabeth Piers, daughter of William Piers, MP in 1758.\nCapt. Lord Thomas Bertie (1720–1749)\nLt.-Gen. Lord Robert Bertie (1721–1782), the Governor of Cork who married Hon. Mary (née Blundell) Raymond, widow of Robert Raymond, 2nd Baron Raymond and third daughter of Montague Blundell, 1st Viscount Blundell, in 1762.\nLady Louisa Bertie, who married Thomas Bludworth, Gentleman of the Horse to the Prince of Wales and a Groom of the Bedchamber, in 1736.Lord Ancaster died in July 1723, aged 62, an established but relatively unheralded statesman. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Peregrine. His widow remarried to James Douglas and died in 1745.\n\nDescendants\nThrough his son Lord Vere, he was a grandfather of Albinia Bertie (wife of George Hobart, 3rd Earl of Buckinghamshire) and Louisa Bertie (wife of Lt.-Gen. Hon. Sir Charles Stuart, Governor of Minorca and fourth son of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute).Through his son Lord Montagu, he was a grandfather of Augusta Bertie, who married John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland.\nPassage 10:\nAlbemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey\nLieutenant-General Albemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey (17 September 1744 – 18 September 1818) was a British nobleman and general.\n\nEarly life\nBertie was born on 17 September 1744. He was the son of Peregrine Bertie, a barrister of Lincoln's Inn (1709–1779) and the former Elizabeth Payne. He had two sisters, Louisa Bertie (wife of Fletcher Richardson of Cartmel) and Henrietta Bertie (wife of George Edmonds of Peterborough).His paternal grandparents were the former Mary Narbonne (daughter and heiress of John Narbonne of Great Stukeley) and Charles Bertie, MP for Stamford (a son of the Hon. Charles Bertie, also an MP for Stamford, Envoy to Denmark and Secretary to the Treasury who was the fifth son of Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey). His maternal grandfather was Edward Payne of Tottenham Wick.\n\nMilitary career\nIn 1762, he was commissioned an ensign in the 1st Foot Guards. He became lieutenant and captain in that regiment in 1769, captain and lieutenant colonel in 1776, and colonel in 1781. He became 3rd Major of the regiment 12 March 1789 and 2nd Major on 8 August 1792.In 1793, he was promoted major-general, and was appointed colonel of the newly formed 81st Regiment of Foot on 19 September with instructions to recruit volunteers for it. In 1794, he obtained a colonelcy of an existing regiment, the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot, instead. Bertie was promoted lieutenant-general in 1798 and general in 1803. In 1804, the Duke of York recommended him for the colonelcy of the 77th Regiment of Foot, then part of the Indian establishment, noting that \"the difference of emolument is of great consequence\" to Bertie. In 1808, he became commander of the 89th Regiment of Foot after John Whitelocke was cashiered and dismissed from the service.Bertie retired from active service in 1809 upon inheriting the title of Earl of Lindsey from his third cousin on 8 February 1809. The earldom had been held by Robert Bertie, 1st Marquess of Lindsey from 1706 until 1715 when he was he was created the 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven. The Dukes of Ancaster and Kesteven held the earldom until the dukedom became extinct on the death of Brownlow Bertie, 5th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven in 1809, and the earldom passed to Bertie.\n\nPolitical career\nIn 1801, he was nominated as Member of Parliament for Stamford, where the Bertie family had once held an electoral interest, by the Marquess of Exeter, then pre-eminent in the borough. He held the seat until succeeding to his peerage in 1809, but demonstrated little activity in Parliament. Lindsey inherited the Irish title of Viscount Cullen by special remainder in 1810, but never claimed it nor was acknowledged in the title. In 1814, he was appointed Governor of Blackness Castle, and in March 1818, of Charlemont Fort.\n\nPersonal life\nOn 7 May 1794, Bertie was married to Eliza Maria (née Clay) Scrope, the widow of Thomas Scrope of Coleby and a daughter of William Clay of Burridge Hill, Nottinghamshire. They had no children before her death in July 1806.On 18 November 1809 (when he was the Earl of Lindsey), he married Charlotte Susannah Elizabeth Layard (1780–1858), the daughter of the Very Reverend Charles Layard, Dean of Bristol. Together, Charlotte and Bertie were the parents of three children:\nLady Charlotte Bertie (1812–1895), a prominent linguist who married John Josiah Guest, 1st Baronet in 1833. After his death in ⁠1852, she married Charles Schreiber, MP for Cheltenham and Poole.\nGeorge Augustus Frederick Albemarle Bertie, 10th Earl of Lindsey (1814–1877), who died unmarried.\nMontagu Peregrine Bertie, 11th Earl of Lindsey (1815–1899), who married Felicia Elizabeth Welby, the second daughter of Rev. John Earle Welby, Rector of Hareston (and son of Sir William Earle Welby, 1st Baronet) and Felicia Eliza Hole (a daughter of Rev. George Hole, Bishop of Norwich), in 1854.Lord Lindsey died on 18 September 1818. After his death, his two sons, in turn, succeeded to his titles. After his death, Lady Lindsey married the Rev. William Peter Pegus and was the mother of Maria Antoinetta Pegus (who married Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly) before her death on 28 November 1858.\n\nDescendants\nThrough his daughter, Lady Charlotte, he was a grandfather of Charlotte Maria Guest (wife of Richard Du Cane); Ivor Bertie Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne (who married Lady Cornelia Henrietta Maria Spencer-Churchill, a daughter of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough); Katharine Gwladys Guest (wife of the Rev. Frederick Cecil Alderson); Thomas Merthyr Guest (who married Lady Theodora Grosvenor, a daughter of Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster);Montague John Guest (who never married); Augustus Frederick Guest (who died unmarried aged 21); Arthur Edward Guest (who married Adeline Mary Chapman); Mary Enid Evelyn Guest (wife of her cousin, Sir Austen Henry Layard); Constance Rhiannon Guest (wife of Hon. Charles Eliot, youngest son of Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans); and Blanche Vere Guest (wife of Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough).Through his youngest son, he was a grandfather of Montague Bertie, 12th Earl of Lindsey (1861–1938), who married Millicent Emma Cox (the eldest daughter of Dr. James Charles Cox), and served as aide-de-camp to the Governor of New South Wales from 1885 to 1888.",
  "char_len": 36552,
  "document_hash": "ef43c6a6dead406db1bd54f92f1df9379f16edb77817bb0fa58d376e3fc1e457",
  "questions": [
    {
      "question_id": "q00",
      "qtype": "2wikimqa",
      "question": "When did Robert Bertie, 3Rd Earl Of Lindsey's father die?"
    }
  ]
}