{
  "document_id": "lb_hotpotqa_5fc84dadeb648a27c3aaa64698a5bec5d2ef23eb32e22e44",
  "family": "public_hotpotqa",
  "split": "dev",
  "text": "Passage 1:\nYou're the Apple of My Eye\n\"You're the Apple of My Eye\" is a song written by Otis Blackwell and initially recorded and released as a single in 1956 by The Four Lovers, the precursor to The Four Seasons. Recorded after they were denied the opportunity to record another Blackwell song, \"Don't Be Cruel\", \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" was The Four Lovers' first exposure to U.S. national publicity, reaching the #62 position on the Billboard Hot 100 and earning the quartet an appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. One of two Four Lovers singles that RCA Victor Records released simultaneously, it was the quartet's only foray onto the Hot 100 before the formation of The Four Seasons five years later.\n\nBackground\nThe Four Lovers (1956 personnel: Frankie Valli, Nick and Tommy DeVito, and Hank Majewski) was the eventual result of Valli joining The Variety Trio in 1954 to form The Variatones (which briefly included mutual friends on a part-time basis). The group performed at various New Jersey clubs and lounges and established a reputation for its musical versatility, incorporating country music, pop music, doo wop, Broadway standards, rhythm and blues, and an occasional foray into Italian love songs.\nAn RCA Records executive saw a Four Lovers performance and was impressed with the presentation enough to recommend the quartet to the company's artists and repertoire department. They were signed to the RCA Victor label for a series of records to be released in 1956 and 1957. In May 1956, \"You're the Apple of My Eye\"/\"The Girl of My Dreams\" and \"Lovey Dovey\"/\"Please Don't Love Me\" were released simultaneously by RCA. The four sides were recorded in a single April session (with two other songs that were released as a single in January 1957).\n\nLegacy\nThe song was featured in the jukebox musical: Jersey Boys as well as the film version.\n\n\"You're the Apple of My Eye\"/\"The Girl of My Dreams\"\nRCA Victor 47-6518. \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" was a last-minute substitution for another song that Frankie Valli and the group was preparing to do in the recording session, \"Don't Be Cruel\". Accounts differ as to the precise mechanism behind their not recording the Otis Blackwell song. Some sources indicate that The Four Lovers were told not to record the song as Elvis Presley expressed a desire to record the song himself; other sources indicate that Blackwell himself requested that the Four Lovers not record the song so he could \"shop around\" for a bigger act (and a better royalty deal) for the song (and succeeded when Presley's manager approached Blackwell with the idea of Presley recording \"Don't Be Cruel\").\nBlackwell later apologized for \"taking the song away from\" The Four Lovers and offered a different original composition for the quartet to record. Produced by Blackwell, \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" was composed as a \"traditional\" rhythm-and-blues song, but the Four Lovers gave it more of a rock'n'roll interpretation (some music critics referred to it as so \"over the top\" as to be close in style to burlesque).\nThe single was the group's first attempt into national publicity, with sales and airplay sufficient for the record to enter the Hot 100 and to generate enough interest for Ed Sullivan to invite the group onto his weekly television program. \"Apple of My Eye\" was the only Four Lovers Single to achieve chart status as the other six successive singles sank without a trace in 1956 and 1957.\nAfter the Four Lovers became The Four Seasons in 1961, \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" was re-recorded (as \"Apple of My Eye\") for the Sherry and 11 Others album (1962). The re-recording was released as a single in October 1964 and appeared briefly on the Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 record chart.\nThe B-side of The Four Lovers single, \"The Girl of My Dreams\", is a cover of a song composed by Maxwell Davis, Joe Josea, Jules Taub, and Sam Ling. Jessie Belvin and Eugene Church recorded and released a recording of the song in 1956 as The Cliques.\n\n\"Honey Love\"/\"Please Don't Leave Me\"\nRCA Victor 47-6519. Released the same day as \"You're the Apple of My Eye\", The Four Lovers' second single featured covers of two rhythm-and-blues hits from the mid-1950s. The A-side, \"Honey Love\", was a considerable R&B hit for The Drifters in 1956. It was composed by Drifters lead singer Clyde McPhatter and Atlantic Records producer Jerry Wexler. The Four Lovers' version was similar in style to the original, but didn't come close to attaining the level of success of either the original or \"You're the Apple of Your Eye\".\nThe B-side of the group's second single, \"Please Don't Leave Me\", was composed by Antoine \"Fats\" Domino and was originally recorded by him in 1953. It is one of the more blues-based songs in the Fats Domino catalog — and one of the most blues-based songs ever recorded by Frankie Valli and his friends, regardless of the name or membership of the group.\n\nAfter \"Apple\" and \"Honey\"\nThe management or RCA Victor and The Four Lovers were encouraged by the success of \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" to make arrangements for recording an album for release for Christmas sales. The result, Joyride, had a collection of rhythm-and-blues and western covers, with a few pop standards and a handful of never-before-released songs, complete with a rollicking version of \"White Christmas\", patterned similar to the Drifters' version from 1955. In addition, RCA was releasing Four Lovers' singles roughly every two weeks, including covers of Hank Williams' \"Jambalaya\", Faye Adams' \"Shake a Hand\", and an early vocal version of \"Night Train\".\nJoyride and the last five RCA Victor Four Lovers singles failed to chart and failed to sell. Today, they are collector's items, with the album being worth up to $400 (US) in near mint condition and some of the singles at roughly one-third that. The group's last single, \"My Life for You Love\"/\"Pucker Up\", sold so few that the relative handful of existing copies are now selling for up to $3000 each.\nBy the end of 1957, The Four Lovers had no recording contract and returned to performing in clubs and lounges before being put \"on hiatus\", albeit briefly before a new artists contract with Bob Crewe's Peri Records gave the group a new purpose for its existence, that of supporting musicians with the occasional opportunity to record songs on their own (which they did — and release under a variety of names between 1958 and 1961). This began a sequence of events which, in four years, resulted in the group becoming The Four Seasons.\nPassage 2:\nDawn (Go Away)\n\"Dawn (Go Away)\" is a song written by Bob Gaudio and Sandy Linzer and recorded by The Four Seasons in November 1963.  \nThe song hit No. 3 in the early part of 1964. According to Billboard, it was the 25th biggest hit single of the year, placing behind \"Rag Doll\", another Four Seasons hit, which was No. 24.\n\nBackground\nIt was recorded as the Four Seasons were involved in a royalty dispute with Vee-Jay Records. As the lawsuit proceeded, the group recorded \"Dawn\" and a handful of other songs and withheld the master tapes from Vee-Jay, which then claimed breach of contract. The dispute was not settled until 1965, a year after the Four Seasons officially left Vee-Jay.\nThe group signed with Philips Records, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, shortly thereafter. \"Dawn (Go Away)\" was released in January 1964. It took four weeks to climb the Billboard Hot 100 chart to number 3 on February 29, 1964, prevented from going higher by The Beatles' \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" and \"She Loves You\", which became the top two singles of 1964. \"Dawn\" remained at number 3 for three weeks, then dropped to make way for two further Beatles singles (\"Twist and Shout\" and \"Please Please Me\"). During its six-week run in the Top Ten, only Beatles hits ranked above it in the chart.Cash Box said that the song \"is delivered with that stompin', falsetto-highlighted money-making touch of the Four Seasons\" and praised the arrangement and conducting by Charles Calello.Originally written as a folk song, arranger Charles Calello sped it up and, at Valli's suggestion, added a galloping rhythm guitar borrowed from Kai Winding's version of \"More\". Drummer Buddy Saltzman accented the recording with bombastic around-the-kit fills and ghost notes without using any cymbals.The single version, with a two-line sung introduction, was never recorded in true stereo. Early \"stereo\" album releases were rechanneled (with the high and low frequencies on one channel and the midrange on the other); later stereo issues, from the Edizione d'Oro greatest hits album onward, include different takes of the recording. One begins with a short drum intro, featuring a louder and more frantic drum backing by Saltzman, and slightly different vocals. Both versions are listed as 2 minutes 11 seconds long, but the stereo \"Dawn\" is 2 minutes 30 seconds, and the mono version with the \"Pretty as midsummer's morn. They called her Dawn\" intro is 2 minutes 45 seconds.\"Dawn (Go Away)\" was the only Philips single crediting the Four Seasons that did not have the notation \"featuring the 'sound' of Frankie Valli\".\nPassage 3:\nWatch the Flowers Grow\n\"Watch the Flowers Grow\" is a song composed by L. Russell Brown and Raymond Bloodworth and popularized by The Four Seasons in 1967. The single was released in the wake of The Beach Boys' Pet Sounds and The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, \"Watch the Flowers Grow\" struggled up the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #30, as The Four Seasons' music was rapidly falling out of favor with the American record-buying public (the Four Seasons' next single, a cover of The Shirelles' #1 hit \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" did slightly better, reaching #24 as the last Top 40 Four Seasons hit until \"Who Loves You\" in 1975).\nBillboard described the single as a \"timely, easy-beat ballad\" that was one of the Four Seasons' \"most unusual entries.\"  Cash Box said  that it's \"gently pulsing, melodic, romp.\"Songwriter L. Russell Brown would compose (or co-compose) a string of hit records in the 1970s, including several recorded by Dawn featuring Tony Orlando.\nPassage 4:\nGloaming (horse)\nGloaming (September 1915 – 5 May 1932) was an outstanding Thoroughbred racehorse, owned, trained, and based in New Zealand. He set many records which included the Australasian record (jointly held with Desert Gold, Black Caviar and Winx) of 19 successive wins, many in Principal Races. Gloaming was unusual in that he was a champion who won many major races in both Australia and New Zealand. Gloaming still holds the Australasian record of 45 seconds for four furlongs.\n\nBreeding\nHe was a robust bay gelding standing 15 hands 3 inches high with a good length of rein. Gloaming was sired by the good imported racehorse and sire, The Welkin (GB) out of the unplaced mare, Light (GB), by the good sire, Eager. His paternal grandsire was the English Triple Crown champion, Flying Fox. Gloaming was a brother to seven other named horses, all by The Welkin, including Gloaming's Sister (won AJC Kirkham Stakes), but none were nearly so successful as him. Light was inbred in the third generation (3x3) to Sterling.Gloaming was sold as a yearling in 1916 for 230 guineas to  H. Chisholm acting on behalf of George D. Greenwood, of Teviotdale in the Canterbury region, New Zealand. Following the sale he made his first of 15 crossings of the Tasman Sea.\n\nRacing record\nGloaming had a long career, racing from age three to nine years, which included victories over other champion racehorses such as Desert Gold, Beauford, Kennaquhair, Whittier and The Hawk. He was successful at distances from four furlongs to a mile and a half.He was put into work as a two-year-old, but became shin-sore, and was gelded before being spelled. In June 1918 he was shipped to Sydney, after he had showed promise in track work in New Zealand.\n\n1922 Racebook\nAt three years: 1918-19\nAt his first start, in the Sydney Tattersall's Chelmsford Stakes, over nine furlongs, he ran a race record time to defeat a class field that included the imported five-year-old Rebus and Kennaquhair. This was the first time this race had been won by a three-year-old having their first start. In his first season's racing Gloaming went on to win three Derbies, the AJC Australian Derby, the New Zealand Derby Stakes, and also the Great Northern Derby in New Zealand. In addition he \n\nwon the 1918 Wellington R.C. (WRC) Champion Plate weight for age (w.f.a.) over 10 furlongs by 21⁄2 lengths\n2nd in G. G. Stead Memorial Stakes (w.f.a.) (defeated by the New Zealand Cup winner, Sasanof).\nwon Auckland Racing Club (ARC) Islington Plate (w.f.a.) 1 mile.\nwon Wellington Stakes 5 furlongs in 58 3/5 seconds (race record)\nwon WeRC  Kelburn Plate (w.f.a.)  4 fur. (defeating Surveyor)\n2nd  in Taranaki Stakes (defeated by Desert Gold).\nwon Egmont Stakes (defeating Desert Gold).\nwon Hawera Stakes (defeating Desert Gold)\nwon WangJC Wanganui Jackson Stakes (w.f.a.) 6 fur.\nwon WangJC Wanganui Guineas, 1 mile\nwon Canterbury Jockey Club (CJC) Challenge Stakes, 7 fur. (defeating Surveyor).\nfell in the North Island Challenge Stakes (which was won by Warplane who was in receipt of 31 lb.).\n\nAt four years: 1919-20\nGloaming won all but one of his starts during this season. All of his starts for this season are listed below:\n\nwon Rosehill Spring Stakes (w.f.a.) 1 mile (defeating Wolaroi and Prince Viridis).\n2nd in Australian Jockey Club (AJC) Spring Stakes (w.f.a.) (beaten a head by Poitrel; Cetigne 3rd), 12 furlongs\nwon AJC Craven Plate (w.f.a.) 10 furlongs (defeating Wolaroi and, Rebus 3rd, Sasanof).\nwon Wellington (N.Z.) Champion Plate (w.f.a.) 10 f (defeating Affectation, Mascot, Vagabond, and Desert Gold).\nwon G. G. Stead Memorial Gold Cup, 10 f (defeating Rossini and Desert Gold).\nwon ARC Islington Plate (w.f.a.) 1 mile\nwon ARC. Royal Park Stakes, 6 furlongs in 1:13 (race record)\n\nAt five years: 1920-21\nAs a five-year-old Gloaming had 15 race starts and won all of them including these principal races:\n\n1920 ARC Islington Plate (w.f.a.) 8 f\n1920 ARC Royal Stakes 6 f\n1921 ARC Auckland Plate (w.f.a.) 12 f\n1921 CJC Challenge Stakes 7 f\n1921 TaraJC Taranaki Stakes 6 f\n1921 WangJC Jackson Stakes (w.f.a.) 6 f\n\nAt six years: 1921-22\nAs a six-year-old Gloaming had 12 race starts and won all but one, in which he ran second. The principal races he won were:\n\n1922 ARC Auckland Plate 12 furlongs\n1922 TaraJC Taranaki Stakes 6 furlongs\n1922 WangJC Jackson Stakes (w.f.a.) 6 furlongs, in 1:11 4/5, a race record\n1922 WRC North Island Challenge Stakes 7 furlongs\n1922 CJC Challenge Stakes 7 furlongs\n1922 HBJC Ormond Memorial Gold Cup 8 furlongs.\n\nAt seven years: 1922-23\nAs a seven-year-old Gloaming had 5 starts for 3 wins and 2 seconds. The principal races he won were:\n\n1922 RRC The Hill Stakes 10 f by 11⁄4 lengths from Beauford\n1922 AJC Craven Plate Pr 10 f by 3 lengths from Beauford\n1922 WRC Champion Plate (w.f.a.) 10 f with 9 st. 4 lbs. (59 kg) in 2:6 1/5 a race record.\n\nAt eight years: 1923-24\nAs an eight-year-old Gloaming had 5 starts for 4 wins and 1 second. The principal races he won were:\n\n1924 WangJC Jackson Stakes (w.f.a.) 6 f\n1924 WeRC North Island Challenge Stakes with 10.1 (defeating Quiescent 6.12 by 6 lengths), 7 fur. in 1:27 4/5.\n\nAt nine years: 1924-25\nAs a nine-year-old Gloaming had 10 starts for 8 wins and 2 seconds. The principal races he won were:\n\n1924 AJC Spring Stakes over 12 furlongs (defeating David, Ballymena, and Rivoli).\n1924 AJC Craven Plate over 10 f (defeating Ballymena, David, and Nigger Ministrel).\n1924 VRC Melbourne Stakes (w.f.a.) 10 f.\n1925 Canterbury (N.Z.) Middle Park Plate, 6 fur. with 9 st. 10 lb. by 5 lengths with the 3rd horse a further 3 lengths away.\n1925 WRC North Island Challenge Stakes 7 f. with 10.1 (Inferno 8.13, and), 7 fur. in 1.26.\n1925 CJC Challenge Stakes 7 f. with 9.11\n1925 HBJC Ormond Memorial Gold Cup 8 furlongs with 9.10 (beating The Hawk 9.10)\n\nSummary\nGloaming had 67 race starts, won 57 (including 39 Principal Races) and was second 9 times. Gloaming fell in his only other race start, at barrier rise in the North Island Challenge Stakes which was a race he later won three times. When he retired he was the leading Australian racing stakes winner. He was the first horse to defeat the great mare, Desert Gold over a mile and he still holds the Australasian record of 45 seconds for four furlongs. He jointly held the Australasian record of 19 wins in succession with Desert Gold, who he met five times and defeated four times. The record is now held at 33 wins by Winx.When Gloaming was retired from the turf to his owner's property at Teviotdale, he was the leading stakes-winner in Australasia with fifty-seven wins and £43,100 in prize-money. He died on 5 May 1932.\n\nHonours\nGloaming has had his portrait painted by the noted equine artist, Martin Stainforth and it was reproduced in Racehorses in Australia.Gloaming was one of five inaugural inductees into the New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame, alongside Carbine, Kindergarten, Phar Lap and Sunline. The Group Three Gloaming Stakes (1,800m) contested at Sydney's Rosehill Gardens Racecourse is named in his honour.\n\nSee also\nList of historical horses\nList of leading Thoroughbred racehorses\nRepeat winners of horse races\nPassage 5:\nFour Seasons of Love\nFour Seasons of Love is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Donna Summer. Released on October 11, 1976, this  concept album became her third consecutive successful album to be certified gold in the US. It peaked at #29 on the Billboard 200. In addition, all the cuts on this album went to number one on the disco chart.\n\nOverview\nThis was the third concept album Summer had made, though unlike the previous two which had contained one long track on side one and a small selection of slightly shorter ones on side two, Four Seasons of Love was more equally balanced. The album told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons. Side one contained \"Spring Affair\" and \"Summer Fever\", both disco tracks, and side two contained \"Autumn Changes\" (a slightly slower disco number) and \"Winter Melody\" (which had an even slower beat), plus a reprise of \"Spring Affair\". This concept was reflected in the four photos of Summer, one for each season of the year, in a pull-out 1977 calendar included with the original LP album. The photo on the cover was, fittingly, the Summer pic. Summer's \"first lady of love\" image came across strongly on this album, though her trademark moans and groans were slightly less evident than on previous work. Pics included \"Winter\" in a fur with a tear on her cheek; \"Spring\" in a Scarlett O'Hara style hoop skirt on a swing; and \"Autumn\" re-enacting Marilyn Monroe's famous scene from The Seven Year Itch with the billowing white dress over the subway grate. This is an allusion to her song \"Love to Love You Baby\", for which she cites Monroe as an inspiration.As with the previous two albums, Four Seasons of Love was distributed by different record labels in different countries, including Casablanca Records in the U.S. Edited versions of \"Spring Affair\" and \"Winter Melody\" were released in various places, but neither had a big impact on any charts (although the latter made the Top 30 on the UK singles chart). The album was also released as a Club Special Edition / Club Sonderauflage in West Germany on the Atlantic Records Label.\n\nCritical reception\nMichael Freedberg of AllMusic called the album \"rapture indeed\", noting that \"the rhythms push and go poof as delicately as ever\", \"the horn section mutes and jazzes the melody\", the beats stop, run, and stop again whenever they damn please\", and \"Summer expresses private rapture in falsetto as she smooches, oohs, and ahs onto the mix like lipstick traces\".Cashbox magazine reviewer stated that since there are only five songs on this album, at \"first glance it seems a\nlittle slim\", but \"each tune, based on a season of the year, is pure Summer (Donna)\". On the album, \"accompanied by the Munich Machine, the sultry songstress runs the gamut of emotions, from lust to lustier\", \"the string parts are super-slick\", and \"the production makes full use of Summer's vocal abilities\".\n\nTrack listing\nPersonnel\nDonna Summer – lead vocals\nThor Baldursson – keyboards, string and horn arrangements\nKeith Forsey – drums, percussion\nNick Woodland – guitar\nLes Hurdle – bass guitar\nDino Solera – saxophone\nGeoff Bastow – synthesizer\nMadeline Bell, Sue & Sunny – backing vocalsTechnicalMixed by Giorgio Moroder\nEngineered by Jürgen Koppers\nAlbum Cover Concept by Susan Munao, Joyce Bogart & Donna Summer\nDesign by Henry Vizcarra & Gribbitt!\nArt Direction by Gribbitt! & Chris Whorf\nPhotography – Mario Casilli\n\nCharts\nCertifications and sales\nPassage 6:\nThe Wonder Who?\nThe Wonder Who? was a nom de disque of The Four Seasons for four single records released from 1965 to 1967.  It was one of a handful of \"names\" used by the group at that time, including Frankie Valli (as a \"solo\" artist even though the Four Seasons were present on the record) and The Valli Boys. Wonder Who? recordings generally feature the falsetto singing by Valli, but with a softer falsetto than on \"typical\" Four Seasons recordings.\n\nBackground\nThe Four Lovers\nThe Four Seasons evolved from The Four Lovers, which recorded under a variety of names between 1956 and 1960. Lead singer Valli had himself recorded under several pseudonyms as well, including Frankie Tyler and Frankie Valley. Songwriter/guitarist/keyboardist Bob Gaudio did the same (as Turner Disentri, i.e., \"Turn of the Century\") and bassist/arranger Nick Massi (as Alex Alda) after they joined the Four Lovers in 1959.Aside from the first Four Lovers single, \"You're the Apple of My Eye\" in 1956, the group's (and Valli's) records failed to chart. In 1958, The Four Lovers obtained a three-year artist contract with producer Bob Crewe, which gave the group a steady stream of session work (Valli can be heard singing in the background of \"Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay\" by Danny and the Juniors) in addition to recording for Crewe's Peri Records.Since the beginning of The Four Lovers, the group performed in clubs and lounges in New Jersey and offered songs in a variety of styles, from country and western to pop to doo wop to rockabilly to Broadway tunes, with a sprinkling of Italian love songs thrown in.\n\nThe Four Seasons hit factory\nIn 1960, The Four Lovers became The 4 Seasons (named after the bowling lane). The session work (and recording under various names) continued, but now with Valli, Gaudio, and Crewe trying to sell both Gaudio compositions and Four Seasons recordings, the group finally achieved national distribution under its own name for the first time in four years. While the first single failed to sell, the second one, \"Sherry\", started a string of successes for The Four Seasons.  From 1962 to 1966, it has been estimated that The Four Seasons had sold about 50 million records, more than any recording act except The Beatles.In the midst of a royalty dispute with Vee-Jay Records in late 1963, the Four Seasons left the label for Philips. While Vee-Jay started recycling Four Seasons product in 1964, Phillips started releasing new Four Seasons records with increasing frequency as the British invasion began. With the blessing of Philips officials, Valli rekindled his \"solo\" career in the latter part of 1965, releasing records that were credited to him and having the group as backing musicians. In 1966 and 1967, Four Seasons records and Frankie Valli singles were listed on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with both names appearing simultaneously in the chart in several issues of the magazine.\n\nThe Wonder Who? history and beyond\nOn the heels of recording a live album of Broadway tunes (to complete the settlement of the group's lawsuit with Vee-Jay), Valli, Crewe, and Gaudio had planned on recording an album consisting entirely of songs written by Bob Dylan, but as recording progressed, the concept was modified to include songs by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Valli was not happy with his vocals on the various takes of \"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right\" when he decided to record the song with a \"joke\" falsetto vocal (an impression of jazz musician Rose Murphy) to reduce the tension in the studio.An executive of Philips Records heard a replay of the recording with a \"joke\" vocal and wanted it to be released as a single — Two years earlier, Peter, Paul, and Mary had reached the #9 position on the Hot 100 with their version of the song — but the recording by Valli and the band could not be released as either a Valli \"solo\" single or a Four Seasons single. Sold in a picture sleeve with a connect the dots puzzle, the record with the truncated name (\"Don't Think Twice\") was released as by \"The Wonder Who?\" in November 1965. It reached No. 12 on the Hot 100, and as it was sliding down the chart in January 1966, a Frankie Valli \"solo\" single (\"(You're Gonna) Hurt Yourself\") and a Four Seasons single (\"Working My Way Back to You\") were also in the upper half of the chart, giving three simultaneous hit records by the group under different guises.In the wake of \"Don't Think Twice\", Vee-Jay reissued a Four Seasons recording, \"Peanuts\" (originally a 1957 hit by Little Joe and the Thrillers), as by \"The Wonder Who\" (without the question mark). As was the case with previous Four Seasons releases of the song, the \"Wonder Who\" single didn't sell and didn't chart.\nTwo more \"Wonder Who?\" singles were released by Philips. Three of the four sides made it onto the lower reaches of the Hot 100.\"Don't Think Twice\" and the other charting \"Wonder Who?\" recordings were included on Four Seasons albums, which, in their original releases, made no mention of the name that was created for single release.\nWhile \"Lonesome Road\" became the last \"Wonder Who?\" single, the group continued to release both Four Seasons and Frankie Valli \"solo\" singles until 1975, when Valli had recorded \"Swearin' to God\" without any participation from the group (his previous hit, \"My Eyes Adored You\" was recorded as a Four Seasons recording, but was released as a \"solo\" record).\n\nMembers\nFrankie Valli\nTommy DeVito (died 2020)\nBob Gaudio\nNick Massi (died 2000)\nJoe Long (died 2021)\n\nSingles by \"The Wonder Who?\"\nAll \"Wonder Who?\" singles were produced by Bob Crewe.\n\n\"Don't Think Twice\"/\"Sassy\"\nPhilips 40324, released October 1965. \"Don't Think Twice\" was originally recorded by composer Bob Dylan (as \"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right\") on his 1963 album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan.  Peter, Paul, and Mary released the most commercially successful version of the song in September 1963. It reached No. 9 on the Hot 100 singles chart. The \"Wonder Who?\" version peaked at No. 12 in December 1965.\n\"Sassy\" was an original instrumental by the Four Seasons. Composing credit was given to Bob Gaudio and Bob Crewe.\n\n\"On the Good Ship Lollipop\"/\"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\"\nPhilips 40380, released June 1966. Composed by Richard A. Whiting and Sidney Clare, \"On the Good Ship Lollipop\" made its debut in the 1934 Shirley Temple motion picture Bright Eyes and is most identified with Temple singing it, but the most successful commercial release of the song was by Rudy Vallee,  reaching No. 4 on the Billboard chart in 1935. The Four Seasons/Wonder Who version barely made a dent on the Hot 100, reaching the #87 position.\n\"You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You\" was another chestnut, having been a hit for Russ Morgan in 1946 and recorded by numerous artists since then. It was composed by Morgan, Larry Stock, and Harry Cavanaugh. When the version credited to \"The Wonder Who?\" appeared on the Hot 100 at the #96 position, it marked the only time that two positions were simultaneously occupied by the fictitious group, and only \"Wonder Who?\" single that had both sides chart.\n\n\"The Lonesome Road\"/\"Around and Around (andaroundandaroundandaroundandaround)\"\nPhilips 40471, released July 1967. Composed by Gene Austin and Nathaniel Shilkret, \"Lonesome Road\" was first recorded by Austin, accompanied by Shilkret directing the Victor Orchestra, in 1927 and has since been recorded by over two hundred famous artists. It was used in five motion pictures, including  the motion picture Show Boat.  The version by \"The Wonder Who?\" reached No. 89 in its brief appearance on the Hot 100.\n\"Around and Around\" was a Four Seasons original composed by Gaudio and Crewe. While it appeared on this single as a song by \"The Wonder Who?\", the same take later appeared on the B-side of the 1968 Four Seasons single \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" and credited to the group.\n\n\"Peanuts\"/\"My Sugar\" (as The Wonder Who)\nVee-Jay 717, released March 1966. Composed by \"Little Joe\" Cook, \"Peanuts\" was originally a #22 hit for Little Joe and the Thrillers in 1957 (their only chart recording). In January 1963, Vee-Jay Records released a Four Seasons single with \"Peanuts\" as the A-side and \"Stay\" as the B-side. After various disk jockeys started playing \"Stay\" on the radio, Vee-Jay superseded the release, issuing new singles with \"Stay\" on the A-side and \"Goodnight My Love\" as the B-side. Several subsequent reissues with \"Peanuts\" as the A-side failed to sell or chart, including the one \"credited\" to \"The Wonder Who\" (without the question mark).\n\"My Sugar\" is a Gaudio-Crewe composition that made its first appearance on the 1963 Four Seasons album Big Girls Don't Cry and Twelve Others. This marks the first release of this recording on a Four Seasons (or \"Wonder Who\") single.\n\nSee also\nList of U.S. singles by Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons\nThe Four Seasons\nFrankie Valli\nPassage 7:\nDonna Summer\nDonna Adrian Gaines (December 31, 1948 – May 17, 2012), known professionally as Donna Summer, was an American singer and songwriter. She gained prominence during the disco era of the 1970s and became known as the \"Queen of Disco\", while her music gained a global following.Influenced by the counterculture of the 1960s, Summer became the lead singer of a psychedelic rock band named Crow and moved to New York City. In 1968, she joined a German adaptation of the musical Hair in Munich, where she spent several years living, acting, and singing. There, she met music producers Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte, and they went on to record influential disco hits together such as \"Love to Love You Baby\" and \"I Feel Love\", marking Summer's breakthrough into international music markets. Summer returned to the United States in 1976, and more hits such as \"Last Dance\", her version of \"MacArthur Park\", \"Heaven Knows\", \"Hot Stuff\", \"Bad Girls\", \"Dim All the Lights\", \"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\" with Barbra Streisand, and \"On the Radio\" followed.\nSummer amassed a total of 32 chart singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 in her lifetime, including 14 top ten singles and four number one singles. She claimed a top-40 hit every year between 1976 and 1984, and from her first top-ten hit in 1976, to the end of 1982, she had 12 top-ten hits (10 were top-five hits), more than any other act during that time period. She returned to the Hot 100's top five in 1983, and claimed her final top-ten hit in 1989 with \"This Time I Know It's for Real\". She was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach the top of the US Billboard 200 chart and charted four number-one singles in the US within a 12-month period. She also charted two number-one singles on the R&B Singles chart in the US and a number-one single in the United Kingdom. Her last Hot 100 hit came in 1999 with \"I Will Go with You (Con te partirò)\". While her fortunes on the Hot 100 waned in subsequent decades, Summer remained a force on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart throughout her entire career.\nSummer died in 2012 from lung cancer, at her home in Naples, Florida. She sold over 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. She won five Grammy Awards. In her obituary in The Times, she was described as the \"undisputed queen of the Seventies disco boom\" who reached the status of \"one of the world's leading female singers.\" Moroder described Summer's work on the song \"I Feel Love\" as \"really the start of electronic dance\" music. In 2013, Summer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In December 2016, Billboard ranked her sixth on its list of the \"Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists\".\n\nEarly life\nDonna Adrian Gaines was born on December 31, 1948, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Andrew and Mary Gaines, and was third of seven children. She was raised in the Boston neighborhood of Mission Hill. Her father was a butcher, and her mother was a schoolteacher.Summer's performance debut occurred at church when she was ten years old, replacing a vocalist who failed to appear. She attended Boston's Jeremiah E. Burke High School where she performed in school musicals and was considered popular. In 1967, just weeks before graduation, Summer left for New York City, where she joined the blues rock band Crow. After a record label passed on signing the group since it was only interested in the band's lead singer, the group agreed to dissolve.Summer stayed in New York and auditioned for a role in the counterculture musical, Hair. She landed the part of Sheila and agreed to take the role in the Munich production of the show, moving there in August 1968 after getting her parents' reluctant approval. She eventually became fluent in German, singing various songs in that language, and participated in the musicals Ich bin ich (the German version of The Me Nobody Knows), Godspell, and Show Boat. Within three years, she moved to Vienna, Austria, and joined the Vienna Volksoper. She briefly toured with an ensemble vocal group called FamilyTree, the creation of producer Günter \"Yogi\" Lauke.In 1968, Summer released (as Donna Gaines) on Polydor her first single, a German version of the title \"Aquarius\" from the musical Hair, followed in 1971 by a second single, a remake of the Jaynetts' 1963 hit, \"Sally Go 'Round the Roses\", from a one-off European deal with Decca Records. In 1969, she issued the single \"If You Walkin' Alone\" on Philips Records.She married Austrian actor Helmuth Sommer in 1973, and gave birth to their daughter Natalia Pia Melanie \"Mimi\" Sommer, the same year. She provided backing vocals for producer-keyboardist Veit Marvos on his Ariola Records release Nice to See You, credited as \"Gayn Pierre\". Several subsequent singles included Donna performing with the group, and the name \"Gayn Pierre\" was used while performing in Godspell with Helmuth Sommer during 1972. Their marriage subsequently ended in divorce, and she married singer-guitarist Bruce Sudano in 1980.\n\nMusic career\n1974–1979: Initial success\nWhile working as a model part-time and backing singer in Munich, Summer met producer Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte during a recording session for Three Dog Night at Musicland Studios. The trio forged a working partnership, and Donna was signed to their Oasis label in 1974. A demo tape of Summer's work with Moroder and Bellotte led to a deal with the European-distributed label Groovy Records. Due to an error on the record cover, Donna Sommer became Donna Summer; the name stuck. Summer's first album was Lady of the Night. It became a hit in the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany and Belgium on the strength of two songs, \"The Hostage\" and the title track \"Lady of the Night\". \"The Hostage\" reached the top of the charts in France, but was removed from radio playlists in Germany because of the song's subject matter: a high ranking politician that had recently been kidnapped and held for ransom. One of her first TV appearances was in the television show, Van Oekel's Discohoek, which started the breakthrough of \"The Hostage\", and in which she gracefully went along with the scripted absurdity and chaos in the show.\nIn 1975, Summer passed on an idea for a song to Moroder who was working with another artist; a song that would be called \"Love To Love You Baby\". Summer, Moroder and Bellotte wrote the song together, and together they worked on a demo version with Summer singing the song. Moroder decided that Summer's version should be released. Seeking an American release for the song, it was sent to Casablanca Records president Neil Bogart. Bogart played the song at one of his extravagant industry parties, where it was so popular with the crowd, they insisted that it be played over and over, each time it ended. Bogart requested that Moroder produce a longer version for discothèques. Moroder, Bellotte, and Summer returned with a 17-minute version. Bogart tweaked the title and Casablanca signed Summer, releasing the single in November 1975. The shorter 7\" version of the single was promoted by radio stations, while clubs regularly played the 17-minute version (the longer version would also appear on the album).\nBy early 1976, \"Love to Love You Baby\" had reached No. 2 on the US Hot 100 chart and had become a Gold single, while the album had sold over a million copies. The song generated controversy due to Summer's moans and groans, which emulated lovemaking, and some American stations, like those in Europe with the initial release, refused to play it. Despite this, \"Love to Love You Baby\" found chart success in several European countries, and made the Top 5 in the United Kingdom despite the BBC ban. Casablanca Records wasted no time releasing the follow-up album A Love Trilogy, featuring \"Try Me, I Know We Can Make It\".\n\nIn 1977, Summer released the concept album I Remember Yesterday. The song \"I Feel Love\", reached No. 6 on the Hot 100 chart. and No. 1 in the UK. She received her first American Music Award nomination for Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist. The single would attain Gold status and the album went Platinum in the US. Another concept album, also released in 1977, was Once Upon a Time, a double album which told of a modern-day Cinderella \"rags to riches\" story. This album would attain Gold status. Summer recorded the song \"Down Deep Inside\" as the theme song for the 1977 film The Deep. In 1978, Summer acted in the film Thank God It's Friday, the film met with modest success; the song \"Last Dance\", reached No. 3 on the Hot 100. The soundtrack and single both went Gold and resulted in Summer winning her first Grammy Award, for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Its writer, Paul Jabara, won both an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for the composition. Summer also had \"With Your Love\" and \"Je t'aime... moi non plus\", on the soundtrack. Her version of the Jimmy Webb ballad, \"MacArthur Park\", became her first No. 1 hit on the Hot 100 chart. It was also the only No. 1 hit for songwriter Jimmy Webb; the single went Gold and topped the charts for three weeks. She received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. The song was featured on Summer's first live album, Live and More, which also became her first album to hit number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and went double-Platinum, selling over 2 million copies. The week of November 11, 1978, Summer became the first female artist of the modern rock era to have the No. 1 single on the Hot 100 and album on the Billboard 200 charts, simultaneously. The song \"Heaven Knows\", which featured Brooklyn Dreams singer Joe \"Bean\" Esposito; reached No. 4 on the Hot 100 and became another Gold single.\nIn 1979, Summer won three American Music Awards for Single, Album and Female Artist, in the Disco category at the awards held in January. Summer performed at the world-televised Music for UNICEF Concert, joining contemporaries such as ABBA; Olivia Newton-John; the Bee Gees; Andy Gibb; Rod Stewart; John Denver; Earth, Wind & Fire; Rita Coolidge; and Kris Kristofferson for a TV special that raised funds and awareness for the world's children. Artists donated royalties of certain songs, some in perpetuity, to benefit the cause. Summer began work on her next project with Moroder and Bellotte, Bad Girls. Moroder brought in Harold Faltermeyer, with whom he had collaborated on the soundtrack of film Midnight Express, to be the album's arranger.\nIn 1979, Summer gained 5 big hits such as \"Hot Stuff\" and \"Bad Girls\", \"Heaven Knows\", \"Dim All the Lights\", and No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\". The week of June 16, 1979, Summer would again have the number-one single on the Hot 100 chart, and the number-one album on the Billboard 200 chart; when \"Hot Stuff\" regained the top spot on the Hot 100 chart. The following week, \"Bad Girls\" would be on top of the US Top R&B albums chart.\n\n1980–1985: She Works Hard For The Money, unreleased album, new record label\nSummer received four nominations for the 7th Annual American Music Awards in 1980, and took home awards for Female Pop/Rock and Female Soul/R&B Artist; and well as Pop/Rock single for \"Bad Girls\". In 1980, her single \"On the Radio\", reached No. 5, selling over a million copies in the US alone, making it a Gold single. \"The Wanderer\" reached #3 on the Hot 100. Summer would again receive a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Just over a week after the awards, Summer had her own nationally televised special, The Donna Summer Special, which aired on ABC network on January 27, 1980. After the release of the On the Radio album, Summer wanted to branch out into other musical styles, which led to tensions between her and Casablanca Records. Casablanca wanted her to continue to record disco only. Summer was upset with President Neil Bogart over the early release of the single \"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\", because Casablanca didn't wait until her previous single, \"Dim All the Lights\", had peaked; she had penned \"Dim All the Lights\" alone, and was hoping for a number-one hit as a songwriter. Summer and the label parted ways in 1980, and she signed with Geffen Records, the new label started by David Geffen. Summer filed a $10 million lawsuit against Casablanca; the label counter-sued. In the end, she did not receive any money, but won the rights to her own lucrative song publishing.Summer's first Geffen album, The Wanderer, featured an eclectic mixture of sounds, bringing elements of rock, rockabilly, new wave, and gospel music. The Wanderer was rushed to market; the producers of the album wanted more production time. The album continued Summer's streak of Gold albums with the \"title track\" peaking at No. 3 on the Hot 100 chart. Its follow-up singles were, \"Cold Love\", No. 33; and \"Who Do You Think You're Foolin'\", No. 40. Summer was nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for \"Cold Love\", and Best Inspirational Performance for \"I Believe in Jesus\" at the 1981 Grammy Awards.\nShe would soon be working on her next album. It was to be another double album set. When David Geffen stopped by the studio for a preview, he was warned that it was a work in progress, but it was almost done. That was a mistake, because only a few tracks had been finished, and most of them were in demo phase. He heard enough to tell producers that it was not good enough; the project was canceled. It would be released years later in 1996, under the title I'm a Rainbow. Over the years, a few of the tracks would be released. The song \"Highway Runner\" appears on the soundtrack for the film Fast Times at Ridgemont High. \"Romeo\" appears on the Flashdance soundtrack. Both, \"I'm a Rainbow\" and \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\" would be on her 1993 anthology album.\nDavid Geffen hired top R&B and pop producer Quincy Jones to produce Summer's next album, the eponymously titled Donna Summer. The album took over six months to record as Summer, who was pregnant at the time, found it hard to sing. During the recording of the project, Neil Bogart died of cancer in May 1982 at age 39. Summer would sing at his funeral. The album included the top-ten hit \"Love Is in Control (Finger on the Trigger)\"; for which she received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. Summer was also nominated for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for \"Protection\", penned for her by Bruce Springsteen. Other singles included a cover of the Jon and Vangelis song \"State of Independence\" (No. 41 pop) and \"The Woman in Me\" (No. 33 pop).\nBy then Geffen Records had been notified by Polygram Records, which now owned Casablanca, that Summer still needed to deliver to them one more album to fulfill her contract. Summer had her biggest success in the 1980s while on Geffen's roster with her next album She Works Hard for the Money and its title song—which were released by Mercury Records in a one-off arrangement to settle Summer's split with the soon-to-be-defunct Casablanca Records, whose catalogue now resided with Mercury and Casablanca's parent company PolyGram.\nSummer recorded and delivered the album She Works Hard for the Money and Polygram released it on its Mercury imprint in 1983. The title song became a major hit, reaching No. 3 on the US Hot 100, as well as No. 1 on Billboard's R&B chart for three weeks. It also garnered Summer another Grammy nomination, for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. \"Unconditional Love\", which featured the British group Musical Youth, and \"Love Has a Mind of Its Own\" did not crack the top 40. The album itself was certified Gold, and climbed to No. 9 on the Billboard 200 chart; the highest chart position of any female artist in male-dominated 1983. The song \"He's a Rebel\" would win Summer her third Grammy Award, this time for Best Inspirational Performance.\nBritish director Brian Grant was hired to direct Summer's video for \"She Works Hard for the Money\". The video was a success, being nominated for Best Female Video and Best Choreography at the 1984 MTV Music Video Awards; Summer became one of the first African-American artists, and the first African-American female artist to have her video played in heavy rotation on MTV. Grant would also be hired to direct Summer's Costa Mesa HBO concert special, A Hot Summers Night. Grant, who was a fan of the song \"State of Independence\", had an idea for a grand finale. He wanted a large chorus of children to join Summer on stage at the ending of the song. His team looked for local school children in Orange County, to create a chorus of 500 students. On the final day of rehearsals, the kids turned up and they had a full rehearsal. According to Grant, \"It looked and sounded amazing. It was a very emotional, very tearful experience for everyone who was there.\" He thought if this was that kind of reaction in rehearsal, then what an impact it would have in the concert. After the rehearsal Grant was informed that he could not use the kids because the concert would end after 10 pm; children could not be licensed to be on stage at such a late hour (California had strict child labor laws in 1983). \"It's a moment that I regret immensely: a grand finale concept I came up with that couldn't be filmed in the end\". When the final sequence was filmed, Summer's daughter Mimi and her family members joined her on stage for \"State of Independence\".\nIn late 1983, David Geffen enlisted \"She Works Hard for the Money's\" producer Michael Omartian to produce Cats Without Claws. Summer was happy that Geffen and his executives stayed out of the studio during the recording and thanked him in the album's liner notes, but her request for the lead single would be rejected. The album failed to attain Gold status in the US, her first album not to do so. It was first album not to yield a top-ten hit, since 1977's Once Upon a Time. The Drifters cover \"There Goes My Baby\" reached No. 21 and \"Supernatural Love\" went to No. 75. She would win another Grammy for Best Inspirational Performance for the song \"Forgive Me\".\n\nOn January 19, 1985, she sang at the nationally televised 50th Presidential Inaugural Gala the day before the second inauguration of Ronald Reagan.\n\n1986–1989: All Systems Go, Another Place and Time\nIn 1986, Harold Faltermeyer wrote the title song for a German ski movie called Fire and Ice, and thought Summer would be ideal to sing the song. He decided to reach out to Summer and, although she was not interested in singing the song, she was very much interested in working with Faltermeyer again. After a meeting with David Geffen he was on board with the project. Summer's main objective for the album was that it have stronger R&B influences; Faltermeyer who had just finished doing the soundtracks to Top Gun and Fletch, was after a tough FM-oriented sound. On completion, Geffen liked what he heard, but his executives did not think there were enough songs that could be deemed singles. They wanted Faltermeyer to produce \"Dinner with Gershwin\", but he was already busy with another project, so another producer was found. They also substituted a previous recording called \"Bad Reputation\", songs like \"Fascination\", fell by the wayside. Geffen had shared the vision of moving Summer into the R&B market as a veteran artist, but these expectations were not met. Faltermeyer, in a 2012 interview with Daeida Magazine, said, \"She was an older artist by then and the label's priority may have been on the youth market. The decision was made afterward by executives who were looking for a radio hit for 1987 and not something that would perhaps last beyond then.\" The label's President Ed Rosenblatt would later admit: \"The company never intended to focus on established superstars\". The album All Systems Go, did not achieve Gold status and became her lowest charting studio album in the US to date. The single \"Dinner with Gershwin\" (written by Brenda Russell) stalled at 48 in the US, though it became a hit in the UK, peaking at No. 13. The album's title track, \"All Systems Go\", was released only in the UK, where it peaked at No. 54.For Summer's next album, Geffen Records hired the British hit production team of Stock Aitken Waterman (or SAW), who enjoyed incredible success writing and producing for such acts as Kylie Minogue, Bananarama, and Rick Astley, among others. The SAW team describe the working experience as a labour of love, and said it was their favourite album of all that they had recorded. Geffen decided not to release the album Another Place and Time, and Summer and Geffen Records parted ways in 1988. The album was released in Europe in March 1989 on Warner Bros. Records, which had been Summer's label in Europe since 1982. The single \"This Time I Know It's for Real\" became a top ten hit in several countries in Europe, prompting Warner Bros.' sister company, Atlantic Records, to sign Summer in the US. The single peaked at No. 7 on the US Hot 100 and became her 12th Gold single in America. She scored two more UK hits from the album, \"I Don't Wanna Get Hurt\" (UK No. 7) and \"Love's About to Change My Heart\" (UK No. 20).In 1989, Summer and her husband, Bruce Sudano, had been in talks to do a new kind of reality-based sitcom. It would be based on their own hectic household. At the time, they lived with their children Amanda, Brooklyn and Mimi, two sets of in-laws, and a maid. The television network started changing the premise of the show, making it less funny, says Sudano, \"And because we were an interracial couple, they didn't want us to be married anymore\". In 1989, this was \"an issue. So with that mentality we just backed out of it.\"\n\n1990–1999: Mistaken Identity, acting, and Live & More Encore\nIn 1990, a Warner compilation, The Best of Donna Summer, was released (no US issue). The album went Gold in the UK after the song \"State of Independence\" was re-released there to promote the album. The following year, Summer worked with producer Keith Diamond emerged with the album Mistaken Identity, which included elements of R&B as well as new jack swing. \"When Love Cries\" continued her success on the R&B charts, reaching No. 18. However, the album was commercially unsuccessful, failing to enter the US Billboard 200 and any chart outside the United States. It only entered at number 97 on the US Top R&B Albums chart. In 1992, Summer embarked on a world tour and later that year received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She reunited with Giorgio Moroder, for the song \"Carry On\", which was included on the 1993, Polygram issued The Donna Summer Anthology, it contained 34 tracks of Summer's material with Casablanca and Mercury Records, and from her tenures with Atlantic and Geffen.Summer signed with Mercury/Polygram that same year, and in 1994 she re-teamed with producer Michael Omartian to record a Christmas album, Christmas Spirit, which included classic Christmas songs such as \"O Holy Night\" and \"White Christmas\" and three Summer-penned songs, \"Christmas is Here\", \"Lamb of God\" and the album's title track. Summer was accompanied by the Nashville Symphony Orchestra. Another hits collection, Endless Summer: Donna Summer's Greatest Hits, was released featuring eighteen songs. There were two new tracks \"Melody of Love (Wanna Be Loved)\" and \"Any Way at All\". In 1994, she also contributed to the Tribute to Edith Piaf album, singing \"La Vie En Rose\". In 1995, \"Melody of Love (Wanna Be Loved)\" went No. 1 on the US dance charts, and No. 21 in the UK. In 1996, Summer recorded a duet with Bruce Roberts, \"Whenever There Is Love\", which appeared on the soundtrack to the film Daylight. In 1996, Summer also recorded \"Does He Love You\" with Liza Minnelli, which appeared Minnelli's Gently.\nDuring this time, Summer had role on the sitcom Family Matters as Steve Urkel's (Jaleel White) Aunt Oona. She made two appearances, season 5's \"Aunt Oona\" and season 8's \"Pound Foolish\". In 1998, Summer received the first Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording, after a remixed version of her 1992 collaboration with Giorgio Moroder, \"Carry On\", was released in 1997. In 1999, Summer was asked to do the Divas 2 concert, but when she went in and met with the producers, it was decided that they would do Donna in concert by herself. Summer taped a live television special for VH1 titled Donna Summer – Live & More Encore, producing the second-highest ratings for the network that year, after their annual Divas special. A CD of the event was released by Epic Records and featured two studio recordings, \"I Will Go with You (Con te partirò)\" and \"Love Is the Healer\", both of which reached No. 1 on the US dance charts.\n\n2000–2009: Later recordings and Crayons\nIn 2000, Summer participated in VH1's third annual Divas special, dedicated to Diana Ross; she sang the Supremes hit Reflections, and her own material for the show. \"The Power of One\" is a theme song for the movie Pokémon: The Movie 2000. The dramatic ballad was produced by David Foster and dance remixes were also issued to DJs and became another dance floor success for Summer, peaking at No. 2 on the same chart in 2000. In 2003, Summer issued her autobiography, Ordinary Girl: The Journey, and released a best-of set titled The Journey: The Very Best of Donna Summer. In 2004, Summer was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame as an artist, alongside the Bee Gees and Barry Gibb. Her classic song, \"I Feel Love\", was inducted that night as well. In 2004 and 2005, Summer's success on the dance charts continued with the songs \"You're So Beautiful\" and \"I Got Your Love\". In 2004, Summer re-recorded 'No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)' with the Irish pop band Westlife (with a live performance) for the compilation album, DiscoMania.\nIn 2008, Summer released her first studio album of fully original material in 17 years, entitled Crayons. Released on the Sony BMG label Burgundy Records, it peaked at No. 17 on the US Top 200 Album Chart, her highest placing on the chart since 1983. The songs \"I'm a Fire\", \"Stamp Your Feet\" and \"Fame (The Game)\" all reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Dance Chart. The ballad \"Sand on My Feet\" was released to adult contemporary stations and reached No. 30 on that chart. Summer said, \"I wanted this album to have a lot of different directions on it. I did not want it to be any one baby. I just wanted it to be a sampler of flavors and influences from all over the world. There's a touch of this, a little smidgeon of that, a dash of something else, like when you're cooking.\" On December 11, 2009, Donna Summer appeared at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert for Barack Obama.\n\n2010–present: Final recordings and posthumous releases\nOn July 29, 2010, Summer gave an interview with Allvoices.com wherein she was asked if she would consider doing an album of standards. She said, \"I actually am, probably in September. I will begin work on a standards album. I will probably do an all-out dance album and a standards album. I'm going to do both and we will release them however we're going to release them. We are not sure which is going first.\"In August 2010, Summer released the single \"To Paris With Love\", co-written with Bruce Roberts and produced by Peter Stengaard. The single went to No. 1 on the US Billboard Dance Chart in October 2010. That month, Summer also appeared on the PBS television special Hitman Returns: David Foster and Friends. In it, Summer performed with Seal on a medley of the songs \"Un-Break My Heart\", \"Crazy\", and \"On the Radio\" before closing the show with \"Last Dance\".On September 15, 2010, Summer appeared as a guest celebrity, singing alongside contestant Prince Poppycock, on the television show America's Got Talent.Also in 2010, Summer recorded a version of the Dan Fogelberg song \"Nether Lands\" for a Fogelberg tribute project. According to a comment on Fogelberg's website, the song had great personal significance for Summer.\n\nOn June 6, 2011, Summer was a guest judge on the show Platinum Hit, in an episode entitled \"Dance Floor Royalty\". In July of that same year, Summer was working at Paramount Recording Studios in Los Angeles with her nephew, the rapper and producer O'Mega Red. Together they worked on a track titled \"Angel\".On December 11, 2012, after four prior nominations, Summer was posthumously announced to be one of the 2013 inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and was inducted on April 18, 2013, at Los Angeles' Nokia Theater.A remix album titled Love to Love You Donna, containing new remixes of some of Summer's classics, was released in October 2013. \"MacArthur Park\" was remixed by Laidback Luke for the remix collection; it was also remixed by Ralphi Rosario, which version was released to dance clubs all over America and successfully peaked at No. 1, giving Summer her first posthumous number-one single, and her sixteenth number-one on the charts.In 2021, Summer's estate released a reedited version of her ninth studio album I'm a Rainbow, subtitled Recovered & Recoloured. The new edition is reduced to 10 tracks (15 on vinyl and streaming releases), with each song remixed by contemporary producers and remixers.Her self-titled album was re-released in 2022 by Summer's estate subtitled as 40th Anniversary Edition.\nIn 2023, Summer’s  “She Works Hard For The Money” album was re-released with additional mixes to commemorate the album’s 40th Anniversary. That same year, a documentary revolving around Summer and her career, Love to Love You, Donna Summer, directed by her daughter, Brooklyn Sudano and Roger Ross Williams had its world premiere at the 73rd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2023, and was released in May 2023, on HBO.\n\nControversy\nIn the mid-1980s, Summer was embroiled in a controversy when she allegedly made anti-gay remarks regarding the relatively new disease AIDS. Summer publicly denied she had ever made such comments and in a letter to the AIDS campaign group ACT UP in 1989 said it was \"a terrible misunderstanding.\" In explaining why she had not responded to ACT UP sooner, Summer stated, \"I was unknowingly protected by those around me from the bad press and hate letters. If I have caused you pain, forgive me.\" She closed her letter with Bible quotes (from Chapter 13 of 1 Corinthians).In 1989, Summer told The Advocate magazine, \"A couple of the people I write with are gay, and they have been ever since I met them. What people want to do with their bodies is their personal preference\". A couple of years later, she filed a lawsuit against New York magazine when it printed an old story about the rumors as fact, just as she was about to release her album Mistaken Identity in 1991. According to a Biography television program dedicated to Summer in which she participated in 1995, the lawsuit was settled out of court, though neither side was able to divulge any details.\n\nPersonal life\nSummer was raised in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. She married Austrian actor Helmuth Sommer in 1973 and gave birth to their daughter, Natalia Pia Melanie Sommer (called Mimi) the same year. The couple divorced in 1976, but Summer adopted the Anglicized version of her ex-husband's surname as her stage name.Summer married Brooklyn Dreams singer Bruce Sudano on July 16, 1980. On January 5, 1981, she gave birth to their daughter Brooklyn Sudano (who is now an actress, singer and dancer), and on August 11, 1982, she gave birth to their daughter Amanda Sudano (who in 2005 became one half of the musical duo Johnnyswim, alongside Abner Ramirez). Summer was also one of the founding members of Oasis Church in Los Angeles.Summer and her family moved from the Sherman Oaks area of Los Angeles to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1995, where she took time off from show business to focus on painting, a hobby she had developed in the 1980s.\n\nDeath\nSummer died on May 17, 2012, aged 63, at her home in Naples, Florida, from lung cancer. Being a nonsmoker, Summer theorized that her cancer had been caused by inhaling toxic fumes and dust from the September 11 attacks in New York City; she was in her apartment near Ground Zero when the attacks occurred. However, some reports have instead attributed the cancer to Summer's smoking during her younger years, her continued exposure to second-hand smoking while performing in clubs well after she had quit, and a predisposition to this disease in the family. Summer was survived by her husband, Bruce Sudano, and her three daughters.Summer's funeral service was held in Christ Presbyterian Church in Nashville, Tennessee, on the afternoon of May 23, 2012. The exact location and time of the service were kept private. Several hundred of Summer's friends and relatives attended the funeral, according to CNN. The funeral was a private ceremony, and cameras were not allowed inside the church. She was interred in the Harpeth Hills Memory Gardens cemetery in Nashville.\n\nReaction\nSingers and music industry professionals around the world reacted to Summer's death. Gloria Gaynor said she was \"deeply saddened\" and that Summer was \"a fine lady and human being\". Liza Minnelli said, \"She was a queen, The Queen Of Disco, and we will be dancing to her music forever.\" She said that her \"thoughts and prayers are with her family always.\" Dolly Parton said, \"Donna, like Whitney, was one of the greatest voices ever. I loved her records. She was the disco queen and will remain so. I knew her and found her to be one of the most likable and fun people ever. She will be missed and remembered.\" Janet Jackson wrote that Summer \"changed the world of music with her beautiful voice and incredible talent.\" Barbra Streisand wrote, \"I loved doing the duet with her. She had an amazing voice and was so talented. It's so sad.\" Quincy Jones wrote that Summer's voice was \"the heartbeat and soundtrack of a generation.\"Aretha Franklin said, \"It's so shocking to hear about the passing of Donna Summer. In the 1970s, she reigned over the disco era and kept the disco jumping. Who will forget 'Last Dance'? A fine performer and a very nice person.\" Chaka Khan said, \"Donna and I had a friendship for over 30 years. She is one of the few black women I could speak German with and she is one of the few friends I had in this business.\" Gloria Estefan averred that \"It's the end of an era\", and posted a photo of herself with Summer. Mary J. Blige tweeted \"RIP Donna Summer !!!!!!!! You were truly a game changer !!!\" Lenny Kravitz wrote \"Rest in peace Donna, You are a pioneer and you have paved the way for so many of us. You transcended race and genre. Respect. Lenny\".Beyoncé wrote a personal note: \"Donna Summer made music that moved me both emotionally and physically to get up and dance. You could always hear the deep passion in her voice. She was so much more than the queen of disco she became known for, she was an honest and gifted singer with flawless vocal talent. I've always been a huge fan and was honored to sample one of her songs. She touched many generations and will be sadly missed. My love goes out to her family during this difficult time. Love, B\".David Foster said, \"My wife and I are in shock and truly devastated. Donna changed the face of pop culture forever. There is no doubt that music would sound different today if she had never graced us with her talent. She was a super-diva and a true superstar who never compromised when it came to her career or her family. She always did it with class, dignity, grace and zero attitude. She lived in rare air ... She was the most spectacular, considerate, constant, giving, generous and loving friend of 35 years. I am at a total loss trying to process this tragic news.\"US President Barack Obama said, \"Michelle and I were saddened to hear about the passing of Donna Summer. A five-time Grammy Award winner, Donna truly was the 'Queen of Disco.' Her voice was unforgettable and the music industry has lost a legend far too soon. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Donna's family and her dedicated fans.\"Summer was honored at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards ceremony. Singer Natasha Bedingfield honored Summer, calling her \"a remarkable woman who brought so much light and who inspired many women, including myself, through her music. And if we can remember her through her music, this will never really be the last dance.\" After her statement, she began to sing \"Last Dance\", Summer's Academy Award-winning song. As she sang the song, photos of Summer were displayed on a screen overhead.Fans paid tribute to Summer by leaving flowers and memorabilia on her star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. A few days after her death, her album sales increased by 3,277%, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Billboard magazine reported that the week before she died, Summer sold about 1,000 albums. After her death that number increased to 26,000.\n\nLegacy\nAccording to singer Marc Almond, Summer's collaboration with producer Giorgio Moroder \"changed the face of music\". Summer was the first artist to have three consecutive double albums reach No. 1 on Billboard's album chart: Live and More, Bad Girls and On the Radio: Greatest Hits Volumes I & II. She became a cultural icon and her prominence on the dance charts, for which she was referred to as the Queen of Disco, made her not just one of the defining voices of that era, but also an influence on pop artists from Madonna to Beyoncé. Unlike some other stars of disco who faded as the music became less popular in the early 1980s, Summer was able to grow beyond the genre and segued to a pop-rock sound. She had one of her biggest hits in the 1980s with \"She Works Hard For the Money\", which became another anthem, this time for women's rights. Summer was the first black woman to be nominated for an MTV Video Music Award. Summer remained a force on the Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs chart throughout her career and notched 16 number one singles. Her last studio album, 2008's Crayons, spun off three No. 1 dance/club hits with \"I'm a Fire\", \"Stamp Your Feet\" and \"Fame (The Game)\". In May 2012, it was announced that \"I Feel Love\" was included in the list of preserved recordings at the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry. Her Rock and Roll Hall of Fame page listed Summer as \"the Diva De Tutte Dive, the first true diva of the modern pop era\".In 2018, Summer: The Donna Summer Musical, a biographical musical featuring Summer's songs, began performances on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, following a 2017 world premiere at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego.In the 2019 film How to Build a Girl, Donna Summer is among the figures featured in Johanna's wall collage.In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Summer at number 122 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.\n\nConcert tours\nDiscography\nFilmography\nAwards and nominations",
  "char_len": 68355,
  "document_hash": "03bd395c34ac9ea0843ad823a1576cc2f69b8ea936bfb2575c27de7cc1b5a730",
  "questions": [
    {
      "question_id": "q00",
      "qtype": "hotpotqa",
      "question": "How many records did the singer who sang \"Four Seasons of Love\" sell worldwide?"
    }
  ]
}