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    "publisher": "Seshat: Global History Databank",
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    "dataset": "Seshat Databank: Equinox Release with Culturally and Institutionally Continuous Polities (Timescale SM data)",
    "publisher": "Seshat / Zenodo record 8120128",
    "release": "Zenodo 8120128 (2023-07-06)",
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    "publisher": "Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen",
    "release": "MPD 2023 (Bolt & van Zanden 2024)",
    "url": "https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302",
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    "license": "Free for academic use with citation (GGDC terms); check landing page",
    "citation": "Bolt, J. and J. L. van Zanden (2024), 'Maddison-style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update', Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41.",
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    "units": "country-year; GDP per capita in 2011 international USD; population in thousands",
    "role": "modern/long-run economic outcomes and population (country-year panel; NOT mapped onto ancient polities)",
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    "url": "https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421303",
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    "license": "Free for academic use with citation",
    "citation": "Bolt & van Zanden (2024)",
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    "units": "country-year",
    "role": "cross-check of the xlsx parse",
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    "release": "v3.3 (2025-12-19)",
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    "landing_page": "https://d-place.org/",
    "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "citation": "Kirby, K. R. et al. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158391. Murdock, G. P. et al. (1999) Ethnographic Atlas (World Cultures).",
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    "units": "one row per society (~1,290 societies expected per documentation; actual count computed in Phase 2); coded categorical variables EA001-EA114 + environmental",
    "role": "ethnographic cross-section: political integration (EA033), jurisdictional hierarchy, settlement size (EA031), class stratification; Galton's problem handled with language family / region",
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    "publisher": "Varieties of Democracy Institute, University of Gothenburg (official GitHub package vdeminstitute/vdemdata)",
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    "landing_page": "https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/",
    "license": "V-Dem data: free for non-commercial use with citation (V-Dem terms of use); package GPL-3",
    "citation": "Coppedge, M. et al. (2026). V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v16. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds26 (DOI to be verified in Phase 2 against the codebook)",
    "filename": "vdem_v16.RData",
    "units": "country-year, 1789-2025 (to be verified)",
    "role": "modern institutional panel: state capacity proxies (rigorous and impartial public administration v2clrspct, legislature, civil service, census, etc.) and regime instability outcomes; democracy indices NOT used as capacity",
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    "role": "data dictionary for V-Dem",
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