% generated by tables/make_tables.py from ./literature_synthesis/agent_E/contributions.csv
\begin{longtable}{lrrrrrrr}
\caption{The 234 AI/ML landmark candidates with the specialist's contribution type and data-quality flag (titles in literature\_synthesis/agent\_E/contributions.csv).}\label{tab:ai_landmarks}\\
\toprule
\textbf{OpenAlex id} & \textbf{Year} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Category} & \textbf{c36} & \textbf{NCS36} & \textbf{Contribution} & \textbf{Flag} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\toprule
\textbf{OpenAlex id} & \textbf{Year} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Category} & \textbf{c36} & \textbf{NCS36} & \textbf{Contribution} & \textbf{Flag} \\
\midrule
\endhead
7172491899 & 2026 & article & LLM & 3{,}026 & 3367.3 & engineering & identifier mismatch \\
7154011589 & 2026 & article & LLM & 2{,}847 & 3168.1 & empirical & identifier mismatch \\
4362515116 & 2026 & article & LLM & 1{,}549 & 1723.7 & survey & ok \\
4288253152 & 2024 & dissertation & LLM & 364 & 3102.1 & engineering & normalisation artefact \\
4322718191 & 2023 & preprint & LLM & 3{,}629 & 1206.5 & engineering & ok \\
4323655724 & 2023 & article & LLM & 4{,}227 & 990.7 & survey & ok \\
4367369313 & 2026 & article & LLM & 261 & 290.4 & survey & ok \\
4226278401 & 2022 & preprint & LLM & 3{,}077 & 894.2 & method & identifier mismatch \\
4396531244 & 2024 & dissertation & LLM & 20 & 778.8 & engineering & normalisation artefact \\
4221143046 & 2022 & preprint & LLM & 2{,}465 & 716.4 & theory & identifier mismatch \\
4327810158 & 2023 & preprint & LLM & 1{,}968 & 654.3 & engineering & abstract mismatch \\
7135096569 & 2026 & article & LLM & 183 & 203.6 & empirical & ok \\
4414281281 & 2025 & article & LLM & 1{,}099 & 374.4 & method & ok \\
4389437528 & 2023 & article & LLM & 2{,}361 & 553.4 & survey & ok \\
4292779060 & 2023 & article & LLM & 13{,}333 & 534.7 & theory & identifier mismatch \\
4360836968 & 2023 & preprint & LLM & 1{,}420 & 472.1 & empirical & ok \\
4406800520 & 2025 & article & LLM & 914 & 311.4 & survey & no abstract \\
4385223296 & 2023 & book-chapter & LLM & 612 & 421.3 & survey & no abstract \\
4287689466 & 2025 & conference-paper & LLM & 722 & 548.6 & empirical & identifier mismatch \\
4366420437 & 2023 & article & LLM & 1{,}541 & 361.2 & survey & ok \\
4317910584 & 2023 & article & LLM & 1{,}530 & 358.6 & survey & ok \\
4313564799 & 2023 & preprint & LLM & 811 & 335.9 & empirical & no abstract \\
4382618722 & 2026 & article & LLM & 94 & 98.9 & engineering & ok \\
4384464487 & 2023 & article & LLM & 1{,}398 & 327.7 & empirical & ok \\
4392773210 & 2024 & article & LLM & 1{,}085 & 326.7 & survey & ok \\
4387355843 & 2026 & book-chapter & Foundation & 197 & 188.6 & method & ok \\
4392947521 & 2024 & article & Foundation & 1{,}505 & 186.9 & method & no abstract \\
7124890304 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 42 & 46.5 & method & no abstract \\
4410551352 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 249 & 69.7 & method & ok \\
4322832366 & 2026 & conference-paper & Foundation & 35 & 126.3 & method & ok \\
7133233472 & 2023 & conference-paper & Foundation & 532 & 122.7 & method & ok \\
2990704537 & 2019 & article & Foundation & 668 & 101.6 & benchmark & ok \\
7125271461 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 25 & 70.6 & engineering & ok \\
7119541039 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 24 & 26.7 & theory & ok \\
4393138529 & 2024 & preprint & Foundation & 95 & 82.9 & survey & ok \\
4390690043 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 22 & 10.0 & survey & ok \\
7128029160 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 20 & 22.3 & method & ok \\
4402220065 & 2024 & article & Foundation & 562 & 69.8 & method & no abstract \\
7118170538 & 2026 & article & Foundation & 17 & 17.9 & survey & ok \\
4411932262 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 110 & 26.9 & method & ok \\
4411099958 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 108 & 18.4 & method & ok \\
4361229539 & 2023 & preprint & Foundation & 161 & 53.5 & method & ok \\
4407135816 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 103 & 6.9 & survey & ok \\
4385948838 & 2023 & article & Foundation & 471 & 49.1 & method & no abstract \\
4406643700 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 91 & 19.1 & survey & ok \\
4406472599 & 2025 & article & Foundation & 86 & 29.3 & survey & no abstract \\
4393153153 & 2024 & conference-paper & Foundation & 113 & 41.8 & method & ok \\
4402727669 & 2024 & conference-paper & Foundation & 184 & 38.6 & method & ok \\
4401397240 & 2024 & article & Foundation & 325 & 38.5 & method & no abstract \\
4385285835 & 2023 & preprint & Foundation & 107 & 35.6 & method & ok \\
4318718936 & 2023 & preprint & Multimodal & 875 & 273.1 & method & ok \\
4393148714 & 2024 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 923 & 193.7 & method & ok \\
4396599905 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 48 & 128.7 & survey & ok \\
4396952261 & 2024 & book-chapter & Multimodal & 189 & 147.2 & survey & no abstract \\
7133250524 & 2022 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 828 & 111.9 & benchmark & no abstract \\
4392947532 & 2024 & article & Multimodal & 938 & 111.1 & method & no abstract \\
7138474371 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 31 & 159.4 & method & ok \\
7127319731 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 29 & 77.7 & method & ok \\
2619383789 & 2018 & article & Multimodal & 587 & 103.1 & survey & ok \\
7148475777 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 26 & 73.2 & empirical & ok \\
7160627408 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 23 & 193.4 & method & ok \\
2995460200 & 2020 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 670 & 81.1 & method & ok \\
4415913530 & 2025 & article & Multimodal & 157 & 53.5 & method & ok \\
4289785095 & 2022 & preprint & Multimodal & 366 & 79.4 & method & ok \\
7125233009 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 22 & 24.5 & method & ok \\
7143512276 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 21 & 23.4 & survey & ok \\
4413447271 & 2025 & article & Multimodal & 142 & 46.4 & method & ok \\
7131830459 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 20 & 142.1 & survey & ok \\
7206206818 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 18 & 48.2 & method & ok \\
7133220561 & 2023 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 454 & 63.4 & method & no abstract \\
7164501397 & 2026 & article & Multimodal & 17 & 45.6 & empirical & ok \\
7165561001 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 17 & 143.0 & method & no abstract \\
7138470740 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 17 & 130.5 & method & ok \\
7138363754 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal & 17 & 130.5 & method & ok \\
4410882873 & 2025 & article & Multimodal & 119 & 7.9 & survey & ok \\
4400228804 & 2024 & dissertation & Generative & 2 & 540.0 & empirical & normalisation artefact \\
7124262017 & 2026 & book & Generative & 87 & 783.7 & survey & ok \\
4406472463 & 2025 & article & Generative & 498 & 77.1 & method & ok \\
7123342962 & 2026 & article & Generative & 66 & 176.9 & method & ok \\
4383312437 & 2023 & article & Generative & 988 & 231.6 & empirical & ok \\
7133185348 & 2022 & conference-paper & Generative & 1{,}706 & 230.5 & method & no abstract \\
3195296536 & 2020 & dissertation & Generative & 48 & 221.7 & method & no abstract \\
4322617812 & 2023 & article & Generative & 873 & 204.6 & theory & ok \\
3096831136 & 2020 & article & Generative & 1{,}473 & 198.6 & survey & ok \\
4400770292 & 2024 & preprint & Generative & 198 & 174.2 & empirical & no abstract \\
7127274868 & 2026 & article & Generative & 48 & 341.0 & empirical & ok \\
7124974472 & 2026 & article & Generative & 42 & 46.7 & empirical & ok \\
7118187240 & 2026 & article & Generative & 40 & 44.5 & engineering & off scope \\
4406199489 & 2025 & article & Generative & 278 & 241.4 & survey & ok \\
4398243313 & 2024 & article & Generative & 463 & 139.4 & survey & ok \\
4409269614 & 2025 & review & Generative & 271 & 14.2 & survey & ok \\
3193917007 & 2021 & book-chapter & Generative & 195 & 127.1 & survey & ok \\
4288099666 & 2022 & preprint & Generative & 575 & 124.8 & method & ok \\
4394934695 & 2024 & article & Generative & 394 & 118.6 & empirical & ok \\
4321648656 & 2026 & article & Generative & 33 & 88.5 & survey & ok \\
4395957952 & 2023 & book & Generative & 400 & 116.7 & survey & no abstract \\
4394863715 & 2024 & preprint & Generative & 131 & 114.3 & empirical & no abstract \\
4407778399 & 2025 & article & Generative & 213 & 184.9 & empirical & ok \\
7124432017 & 2026 & article & Generative & 30 & 213.1 & theory & ok \\
7140170686 & 2026 & article & Generative & 30 & 213.1 & empirical & ok \\
4406728221 & 2025 & article & Agents & 694 & 236.4 & survey & ok \\
7161734976 & 2026 & article & Agents & 62 & 175.1 & engineering & ok \\
7135409568 & 2026 & article & Agents & 52 & 23.7 & survey & ok \\
7134187809 & 2026 & article & Agents & 46 & 129.9 & theory & off scope \\
4390730779 & 2026 & article & Agents & 44 & 49.0 & survey & ok \\
4225355126 & 2022 & book-chapter & Agents & 268 & 143.6 & survey & no abstract \\
4407570917 & 2026 & article & Agents & 40 & 44.5 & engineering & ok \\
4410197190 & 2025 & review & Agents & 267 & 33.1 & survey & ok \\
4413427262 & 2025 & article & Agents & 258 & 87.9 & survey & ok \\
4414991289 & 2026 & article & Agents & 31 & 23.9 & engineering & ok \\
7122857583 & 2026 & article & Agents & 30 & 33.4 & theory & ok \\
4401023556 & 2024 & conference-paper & Agents & 371 & 103.1 & survey & ok \\
4414023998 & 2025 & article & Agents & 189 & 64.4 & survey & ok \\
7118083939 & 2026 & article & Agents & 26 & 32.7 & theory & ok \\
4412505619 & 2025 & article & Agents & 181 & 61.7 & survey & ok \\
4416209823 & 2025 & article & Agents & 165 & 56.2 & survey & ok \\
7155930820 & 2026 & article & Agents & 23 & 80.7 & theory & off scope \\
7162257503 & 2026 & article & Agents & 22 & 77.2 & theory & off scope \\
4412709685 & 2025 & article & Agents & 150 & 33.5 & engineering & no abstract \\
7128165235 & 2026 & article & Agents & 21 & 23.4 & theory & ok \\
7118190454 & 2026 & article & Agents & 21 & 22.2 & survey & ok \\
7130481397 & 2026 & article & Agents & 21 & 9.6 & benchmark & ok \\
4390638955 & 2024 & article & Agents & 240 & 72.3 & survey & off scope \\
4412203333 & 2025 & article & Agents & 139 & 47.4 & survey & ok \\
4399982941 & 2024 & dissertation & Agents & 8 & 68.2 & theory & normalisation artefact \\
2911283634 & 2020 & book-chapter & RL & 532 & 276.0 & survey & no abstract \\
4389473504 & 2023 & dissertation & RL & 28 & 232.9 & method & ok \\
2964083594 & 2025 & conference-paper & RL & 414 & 367.9 & empirical & year implausible \\
2098774185 & 2018 & article & RL & 1{,}077 & 203.3 & method & year implausible \\
1591675293 & 2025 & book-chapter & RL & 395 & 665.0 & method & year implausible \\
7123365826 & 2026 & article & RL & 55 & 155.3 & theory & off scope \\
2991046523 & 2021 & book-chapter & RL & 530 & 178.4 & survey & no abstract \\
2973229164 & 2019 & dissertation & RL & 47 & 171.2 & method & ok \\
2982316857 & 2019 & article & RL & 1{,}021 & 155.2 & engineering & no abstract \\
2902907165 & 2018 & article & RL & 733 & 138.3 & method & ok \\
7133481537 & 2026 & article & RL & 35 & 122.9 & theory & off scope \\
7133226216 & 2022 & conference-paper & RL & 482 & 95.8 & empirical & ok \\
3041807988 & 2020 & article & RL & 322 & 93.8 & theory & off scope \\
2781726626 & 2018 & preprint & RL & 775 & 90.8 & method & ok \\
2963923407 & 2018 & article & RL & 472 & 89.1 & method & ok \\
7122543576 & 2026 & article & RL & 25 & 70.6 & theory & off scope \\
2899138465 & 2018 & dissertation & RL & 20 & 88.6 & method & ok \\
4391631327 & 2024 & preprint & RL & 99 & 86.4 & empirical & identifier mismatch \\
4409147637 & 2025 & article & RL & 170 & 57.9 & method & ok \\
2895974005 & 2018 & dissertation & RL & 18 & 79.8 & empirical & normalisation artefact \\
7134057781 & 2026 & article & RL & 21 & 23.4 & engineering & ok \\
2754517384 & 2018 & conference-paper & RL & 452 & 70.0 & empirical & ok \\
2761873684 & 2018 & conference-paper & RL & 442 & 68.4 & method & ok \\
7133208539 & 2023 & conference-paper & RL & 293 & 67.6 & method & no abstract \\
7128436456 & 2026 & article & RL & 19 & 21.0 & survey & ok \\
2962862931 & 2024 & conference-paper & ML theory & 12{,}586 & 3498.4 & method & identifier mismatch \\
1698155719 & 2020 & book-chapter & ML theory & 1{,}212 & 971.7 & survey & ok \\
4288283362 & 2026 & article & ML theory & 174 & 576.9 & method & normalisation artefact \\
46659105 & 2020 & preprint & ML theory & 3{,}906 & 608.2 & theory & abstract mismatch \\
3145506661 & 2019 & book-chapter & ML theory & 1{,}581 & 491.8 & survey & no abstract \\
2291445757 & 2024 & book-chapter & ML theory & 769 & 426.8 & survey & ok \\
2100415632 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 116 & 667.5 & theory & year implausible \\
1568555062 & 2022 & book-chapter & ML theory & 576 & 308.7 & theory & ok \\
2751318774 & 2019 & book-chapter & ML theory & 978 & 304.2 & survey & ok \\
3208688400 & 2021 & book-chapter & ML theory & 833 & 280.5 & survey & no abstract \\
3105488314 & 2020 & dissertation & ML theory & 59 & 272.4 & theory & no abstract \\
57706852 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 72 & 414.3 & theory & year implausible \\
2946444988 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 68 & 2646.0 & method & year implausible \\
2945976633 & 2019 & article & ML theory & 1{,}556 & 236.6 & theory & no abstract \\
4400823820 & 2024 & article & ML theory & 782 & 235.4 & survey & ok \\
2999309192 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}781 & 222.8 & theory & ok \\
2999615587 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}767 & 221.0 & method & no abstract \\
2439568532 & 2018 & article & ML theory & 1{,}085 & 204.8 & theory & ok \\
3194464139 & 2020 & dissertation & ML theory & 21 & 197.5 & engineering & normalisation artefact \\
3041133507 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}538 & 192.4 & survey & ok \\
2436219157 & 2018 & article & ML theory & 956 & 180.4 & survey & ok \\
3135028703 & 2021 & article & ML theory & 1{,}518 & 176.9 & survey & no abstract \\
7124426637 & 2026 & article & ML theory & 46 & 51.2 & survey & ok \\
2165856466 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 45 & 259.0 & theory & year implausible \\
4402843978 & 2020 & report & ML theory & 455 & 158.3 & survey & ok \\
2964121744 & 2026 & article & DL arch. & 45{,}775 & 50938.5 & engineering & identifier mismatch \\
1710476689 & 2022 & book-chapter & DL arch. & 2{,}385 & 1018.2 & survey & ok \\
4322614756 & 2025 & conference-paper & DL arch. & 1{,}542 & 1370.5 & method & identifier mismatch \\
2963399829 & 2024 & preprint & DL arch. & 773 & 674.3 & method & year implausible \\
4382203079 & 2023 & conference-paper & DL arch. & 2{,}278 & 621.0 & empirical & ok \\
4406170795 & 2025 & article & DL arch. & 974 & 331.8 & method & ok \\
146900863 & 2018 & book-chapter & DL arch. & 999 & 464.0 & survey & no abstract \\
4396821501 & 2024 & preprint & DL arch. & 531 & 463.2 & method & ok \\
2950067852 & 2026 & preprint & DL arch. & 119 & 4630.6 & method & year implausible \\
4221150249 & 2026 & article & DL arch. & 107 & 119.1 & survey & ok \\
7148890333 & 2026 & article & DL arch. & 102 & 113.0 & method & no abstract \\
3177318507 & 2021 & conference-paper & DL arch. & 1{,}344 & 315.3 & method & ok \\
4389326242 & 2023 & preprint & DL arch. & 912 & 303.2 & method & ok \\
7118302872 & 2026 & article & DL arch. & 85 & 87.6 & method & ok \\
3137147200 & 2022 & book-chapter & DL arch. & 698 & 298.0 & survey & ok \\
3140854437 & 2021 & article & DL arch. & 2{,}452 & 293.1 & survey & ok \\
4210257598 & 2020 & article & DL arch. & 2{,}239 & 280.0 & survey & ok \\
2907492528 & 2020 & article & DL arch. & 2{,}230 & 278.9 & survey & ok \\
3152893301 & 2020 & article & DL arch. & 2{,}023 & 253.0 & survey & ok \\
7110333790 & 2025 & article & DL arch. & 496 & 169.0 & method & identifier mismatch \\
4385763767 & 2023 & conference-paper & DL arch. & 921 & 251.1 & survey & ok \\
3124006607 & 2026 & conference-paper & DL arch. & 69 & 529.6 & method & year implausible \\
4285723986 & 2020 & book-chapter & DL arch. & 471 & 244.4 & survey & no abstract \\
2892035503 & 2019 & article & DL arch. & 908 & 192.7 & survey & no abstract \\
2962776659 & 2024 & preprint & DL arch. & 212 & 184.9 & empirical & year implausible \\
4406063062 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 534 & 74.5 & survey & ok \\
7130596601 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 65 & 29.6 & survey & ok \\
3084163594 & 2020 & article & AI safety & 775 & 225.7 & survey & off scope \\
2963808661 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety & 390 & 126.3 & engineering & identifier mismatch \\
7133236347 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 51 & 44.5 & survey & ok \\
7128782475 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 51 & 23.2 & empirical & ok \\
4406571986 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 347 & 301.3 & empirical & ok \\
2981731882 & 2019 & article & AI safety & 1{,}097 & 166.8 & survey & no abstract \\
4402698709 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 44 & 38.4 & survey & ok \\
4408314709 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 303 & 42.3 & survey & ok \\
4407243994 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 300 & 41.8 & theory & ok \\
4330336443 & 2023 & preprint & AI safety & 495 & 146.6 & empirical & abstract mismatch \\
7128600296 & 2026 & review & AI safety & 41 & 12.8 & survey & ok \\
4399450035 & 2024 & conference-paper & AI safety & 359 & 138.5 & empirical & ok \\
4318586239 & 2023 & book-chapter & AI safety & 247 & 136.6 & survey & ok \\
4360615722 & 2023 & article & AI safety & 557 & 130.5 & theory & ok \\
2670253439 & 2018 & article & AI safety & 676 & 127.6 & survey & no abstract \\
7118631510 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 35 & 38.9 & method & no abstract \\
7127143535 & 2026 & article & AI safety & 33 & 50.0 & empirical & no abstract \\
4409249263 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 218 & 14.5 & survey & ok \\
4366262984 & 2023 & article & AI safety & 1{,}197 & 109.9 & survey & ok \\
2969896603 & 2021 & article & AI safety & 1{,}794 & 102.3 & survey & ok \\
4406152291 & 2025 & article & AI safety & 199 & 67.8 & empirical & ok \\
4410609100 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety & 193 & 171.5 & method & ok \\
4411542009 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety & 191 & 61.8 & empirical & ok \\
4360620450 & 2023 & article & LLM & 3{,}137 & 113.5 & survey & ok \\
3185341429 & 2022 & article & LLM & 2{,}462 & 253.7 & survey & ok \\
4384071683 & 2023 & article & LLM & 2{,}448 & 38.1 & benchmark & ok \\
4384918448 & 2023 & preprint & LLM & 2{,}431 & 88.5 & empirical & identifier mismatch \\
4393065402 & 2024 & article & LLM & 1{,}820 & 226.1 & survey & ok \\
4319083882 & 2023 & article & LLM & 1{,}590 & 146.0 & theory & no abstract \\
4399790131 & 2024 & review & AI safety & 1{,}484 & 81.8 & survey & ok \\
3133702157 & 2021 & conference-paper & LLM & 1{,}464 & 232.1 & theory & ok \\
4321499901 & 2023 & article & LLM & 1{,}389 & 325.5 & empirical & ok \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{8}{p{0.95\linewidth}}{\footnotesize Selection score and windows as in Part IV (Section~\ref{sec:m-score}); c36 and NCS36 as stored in the landmark file. Category abbreviations as in Table~\ref{tab:ai_growth}.}\\
\end{longtable}