# Literature verification — WP45 / JoF-250

Every entry of `paper/references.bib` was verified on **2026-11-03** by the methods below; no entry was added without a successful lookup. Crossref lookups used `https://api.crossref.org/works/<DOI>?mailto=simon-pierre.boucher@uqo.ca` (DOI resolution; title, authors, container, volume/issue/pages and year compared with the entry). arXiv lookups used `https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?id_list=<id>` (id resolves; title and author list compared) plus an HTTP HEAD on `https://arxiv.org/abs/<id>`. The single book without its own DOI (Swales 1990) was verified through the Open Library ISBN record (`https://openlibrary.org/isbn/0521338131.json`: *Genre analysis*, Cambridge University Press, 1990) and two Crossref-indexed reviews of the book (DOI 10.2307/329786; DOI 10.1017/s0272263100011773).

Totals: **58 entries** — Crossref DOI: 44; arXiv: 13; Open Library/ISBN: 1.

Candidates considered and **excluded** because they could not be verified or were not peer-reviewed: Cochrane's *Writing Tips for Ph.D. Students* (unpublished web note), Dowling et al. under the DOI 10.1016/j.econlet.2018.09.005 (resolves to a different article; the correct DOI 10.1016/j.econlet.2018.09.023 was found by bibliographic search and is the one used).

| # | Bib key | Type | Year | Title | Identifier | Verification method | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | `swales1990genre` | book | 1990 | Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings | ISBN 0521338131 | Open Library ISBN record + Crossref-indexed reviews | 2026-11-03 |
| 2 | `swales2004research` | book | 2004 | Research Genres: Explorations and Applications | DOI 10.1017/CBO9781139524827 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 3 | `hyland1998hedging` | book | 1998 | Hedging in Scientific Research Articles | DOI 10.1075/pbns.54 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 4 | `hyland1996hedging` | article | 1996 | Writing Without Conviction? Hedging in Science Research Articles | DOI 10.1093/applin/17.4.433 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 5 | `hyland2004metadiscourse` | article | 2004 | Metadiscourse in Academic Writing: A Reappraisal | DOI 10.1093/applin/25.2.156 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 6 | `samraj2002introductions` | article | 2002 | Introductions in Research Articles: Variations Across Disciplines | DOI 10.1016/S0889-4906(00)00023-5 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 7 | `kanoksilapatham2005rhetorical` | article | 2005 | Rhetorical Structure of Biochemistry Research Articles | DOI 10.1016/j.esp.2004.08.003 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 8 | `lin2012structural` | article | 2012 | Structural Patterns in Empirical Research Articles: A Cross-Disciplinary Study | DOI 10.1016/j.esp.2011.10.002 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 9 | `hyland2017informal` | article | 2017 | Is Academic Writing Becoming More Informal? | DOI 10.1016/j.esp.2016.09.001 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 10 | `teufel2002summarizing` | article | 2002 | Summarizing Scientific Articles: Experiments with Relevance and Rhetorical Status | DOI 10.1162/089120102762671936 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 11 | `cohan2019sequential` | inproceedings | 2019 | Pretrained Language Models for Sequential Sentence Classification | DOI 10.18653/v1/D19-1383 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 12 | `lo2020s2orc` | inproceedings | 2020 | S2ORC: The Semantic Scholar Open Research Corpus | DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.447 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 13 | `lopez2009grobid` | incollection | 2009 | GROBID: Combining Automatic Bibliographic Data Recognition and Term Extraction for Scholarship Publications | DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04346-8_62 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 14 | `mccloskey1985economical` | article | 1985 | Economical Writing | DOI 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01761.x | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 15 | `thomson1999guide` | article | 1999 | The Young Person's Guide to Writing Economic Theory | DOI 10.1257/jel.37.1.157 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 16 | `li2008readability` | article | 2008 | Annual Report Readability, Current Earnings, and Earnings Persistence | DOI 10.1016/j.jacceco.2008.02.003 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 17 | `loughran2011liability` | article | 2011 | When Is a Liability Not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10-Ks | DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01625.x | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 18 | `loughran2014readability` | article | 2014 | Measuring Readability in Financial Disclosures | DOI 10.1111/jofi.12162 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 19 | `loughran2016textual` | article | 2016 | Textual Analysis in Accounting and Finance: A Survey | DOI 10.1111/1475-679X.12123 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 20 | `gentzkow2019text` | article | 2019 | Text as Data | DOI 10.1257/jel.20181020 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 21 | `dowling2018easy` | article | 2018 | Easy to Read, Easy to Cite? | DOI 10.1016/j.econlet.2018.09.023 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 22 | `hengel2022publishing` | article | 2022 | Publishing While Female: Are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review | DOI 10.1093/ej/ueac032 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 23 | `card2013nine` | article | 2013 | Nine Facts about Top Journals in Economics | DOI 10.1257/jel.51.1.144 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 24 | `card2014pagelimits` | article | 2014 | Page Limits on Economics Articles: Evidence from Two Journals | DOI 10.1257/jep.28.3.149 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 25 | `plaven2017readability` | article | 2017 | The Readability of Scientific Texts Is Decreasing over Time | DOI 10.7554/eLife.27725 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 26 | `hartley2014structured` | article | 2014 | Current Findings from Research on Structured Abstracts: An Update | DOI 10.3163/1536-5050.102.3.002 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 27 | `korinek2023generative` | article | 2023 | Generative AI for Economic Research: Use Cases and Implications for Economists | DOI 10.1257/jel.20231736 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 28 | `lewis2020rag` | misc | 2020 | Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks | arXiv:2005.11401 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 29 | `guu2020realm` | misc | 2020 | REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training | arXiv:2002.08909 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 30 | `karpukhin2020dpr` | inproceedings | 2020 | Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering | DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.550 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 31 | `gao2023ragsurvey` | misc | 2023 | Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey | arXiv:2312.10997 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 32 | `liang2024feedback` | article | 2024 | Can Large Language Models Provide Useful Feedback on Research Papers? A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis | DOI 10.1056/AIoa2400196 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 33 | `liang2024mapping` | misc | 2024 | Mapping the Increasing Use of LLMs in Scientific Papers | arXiv:2404.01268 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 34 | `liang2024monitoring` | misc | 2024 | Monitoring AI-Modified Content at Scale: A Case Study on the Impact of ChatGPT on AI Conference Peer Reviews | arXiv:2403.07183 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 35 | `kobak2025delving` | article | 2025 | Delving into LLM-Assisted Writing in Biomedical Publications through Excess Vocabulary | DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adt3813 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 36 | `else2023abstracts` | article | 2023 | Abstracts Written by ChatGPT Fool Scientists | DOI 10.1038/d41586-023-00056-7 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 37 | `gao2023comparing` | article | 2023 | Comparing Scientific Abstracts Generated by ChatGPT to Real Abstracts with Detectors and Blinded Human Reviewers | DOI 10.1038/s41746-023-00819-6 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 38 | `vannoorden2023survey` | article | 2023 | AI and Science: What 1,600 Researchers Think | DOI 10.1038/d41586-023-02980-0 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 39 | `zheng2023judge` | misc | 2023 | Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena | arXiv:2306.05685 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 40 | `wang2024notfair` | inproceedings | 2024 | Large Language Models Are Not Fair Evaluators | DOI 10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.511 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 41 | `panickssery2024self` | misc | 2024 | LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generations | arXiv:2404.13076 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 42 | `thelwall2024chatgpt` | article | 2024 | Can ChatGPT Evaluate Research Quality? | DOI 10.2478/jdis-2024-0013 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 43 | `hosseini2023fighting` | article | 2023 | Fighting Reviewer Fatigue or Amplifying Bias? Considerations and Recommendations for Use of ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models in Scholarly Peer Review | DOI 10.1186/s41073-023-00133-5 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 44 | `du2024critique` | misc | 2024 | LLMs Assist NLP Researchers: Critique Paper (Meta-)Reviewing | arXiv:2406.16253 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 45 | `latona2024lottery` | misc | 2024 | The AI Review Lottery: Widespread AI-Assisted Peer Reviews Boost Paper Scores and Acceptance Rates | arXiv:2405.02150 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 46 | `si2024ideas` | misc | 2024 | Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researchers | arXiv:2409.04109 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 47 | `shumailov2024collapse` | article | 2024 | AI Models Collapse When Trained on Recursively Generated Data | DOI 10.1038/s41586-024-07566-y | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 48 | `sainz2023contamination` | inproceedings | 2023 | NLP Evaluation in Trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for Each Benchmark | DOI 10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.722 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 49 | `magar2022contamination` | inproceedings | 2022 | Data Contamination: From Memorization to Exploitation | DOI 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-short.18 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 50 | `deng2024investigating` | inproceedings | 2024 | Investigating Data Contamination in Modern Benchmarks for Large Language Models | DOI 10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.482 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 51 | `golchin2024timetravel` | misc | 2024 | Time Travel in LLMs: Tracing Data Contamination in Large Language Models | arXiv:2308.08493 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 52 | `carlini2023memorization` | misc | 2023 | Quantifying Memorization Across Neural Language Models | arXiv:2202.07646 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 53 | `lee2022dedup` | inproceedings | 2022 | Deduplicating Training Data Makes Language Models Better | DOI 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.577 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 54 | `kapoor2023leakage` | article | 2023 | Leakage and the Reproducibility Crisis in Machine-Learning-Based Science | DOI 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100804 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 55 | `nosek2018preregistration` | article | 2018 | The Preregistration Revolution | DOI 10.1073/pnas.1708274114 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 56 | `bowman2021benchmarking` | inproceedings | 2021 | What Will It Take to Fix Benchmarking in Natural Language Understanding? | DOI 10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.385 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 57 | `dodge2019showyourwork` | inproceedings | 2019 | Show Your Work: Improved Reporting of Experimental Results | DOI 10.18653/v1/D19-1224 | Crossref works/DOI (title, authors, venue, year match) | 2026-11-03 |
| 58 | `pineau2021reproducibility` | misc | 2021 | Improving Reproducibility in Machine Learning Research (A Report from the NeurIPS 2019 Reproducibility Program) | arXiv:2003.12206 | arXiv API (id resolves, title/authors match) | 2026-11-03 |