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1% ============================================================================2% UQO Working Paper — Economics / Finance3% VQuant: An Agentic LLM Architecture for Quantitative Financial Analysis4% ============================================================================5\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{article}67% --- Encoding & Language ---8\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}9\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}10\usepackage[english]{babel}1112% --- Page Layout ---13\usepackage[14 letterpaper,15 top=1in,16 bottom=1in,17 left=1in,18 right=1in19]{geometry}2021% --- Typography ---22\usepackage{mathptmx} % Times-like font (text + math)23\usepackage{microtype} % Improved typographic refinements24\usepackage{setspace}25\onehalfspacing % 1.5 line spacing2627% --- Math ---28\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm}2930% --- Algorithms ---31\usepackage{algorithm}32\usepackage{algpseudocode}3334% --- Code Listings ---35\usepackage{listings}36\lstset{37 basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,38 breaklines=true,39 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{Simon-Pierre Boucher}78]{hyperref}7980% --- Bibliography ---81\usepackage[authoryear,round,semicolon]{natbib}82\bibliographystyle{aer}8384% --- Captions ---85\usepackage[86 font = small,87 labelfont = bf,88 labelsep = period,89 justification = justified,90 singlelinecheck = false91]{caption}9293% --- Headers & Footers ---94\usepackage{fancyhdr}95\pagestyle{fancy}96\fancyhf{}97\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}98\fancyfoot[C]{\thepage}99100% --- Section Formatting ---101\usepackage{titlesec}102\titleformat{\section}{\large\bfseries}{\thesection.}{0.5em}{}103\titleformat{\subsection}{\normalsize\bfseries}{\thesubsection.}{0.5em}{}104\titleformat{\subsubsection}{\normalsize\itshape}{\thesubsubsection.}{0.5em}{}105106% --- Appendix Support ---107\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}108109% --- Misc ---110\usepackage{enumitem}111\setlist{nosep,leftmargin=*}112\usepackage{longtable}113114% --- Custom colors (VQuant palette) ---115\definecolor{VQTeal}{HTML}{119993}116\definecolor{VQBlue}{HTML}{2072B2}117\definecolor{VQPurple}{HTML}{652E89}118\definecolor{VQOrange}{HTML}{F49422}119\definecolor{VQGreen}{HTML}{4Fa64B}120\definecolor{VQRed}{HTML}{EF632B}121\definecolor{VQDark}{HTML}{2B2D42}122\definecolor{VQInk}{HTML}{32353F}123124% --- Font macros used inside diagram node text ---125\newcommand{\vqsmall}{\scriptsize}126\newcommand{\vqtiny}{\fontsize{6.4}{7.5}\selectfont}127128% --- Shared TikZ styles for all diagrams ---129\tikzset{130 vqfont/.style = {font=\footnotesize},131 vqsmall/.style = {font=\scriptsize},132 vqtiny/.style = {font=\fontsize{6.4}{7.5}\selectfont},133 vqbox/.style = {rectangle, rounded corners=3pt, draw=black!45, line width=0.5pt,134 align=center, inner sep=4.5pt, minimum height=0.78cm, fill=white,135 drop shadow={shadow xshift=0.6pt, shadow yshift=-0.6pt, opacity=0.18}},136 vqteal/.style = {vqbox, draw=VQTeal!75!black, fill=VQTeal!12, text=VQDark},137 vqblue/.style = {vqbox, 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width=0pt},150 vqtag/.style = {rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, inner sep=2pt, font=\vqtiny,151 fill=white, draw=black!25}152}153154% ============================================================================155% METADATA156% ============================================================================157\newcommand{\WPnumber}{13}158\newcommand{\WPtitle}{VQuant: An Agentic Large Language Model Architecture for Automated Quantitative Financial Analysis and Document Generation}159\newcommand{\WPsubtitle}{Reasoning-Augmented Tool Orchestration, In-Loop Numerical Computation, and Multi-Format Reporting}160\newcommand{\WPdate}{October 2026}161\newcommand{\WPversion}{1.1}162\newcommand{\WPabstract}{%163 Large language models (LLMs) write fluently about finance, but fluency does not make a number164 correct, current, or reproducible. This paper is a design-science description of \textbf{VQuant},165 a deployed web platform that couples a reasoning-capable LLM with a deterministic execution166 substrate so that a natural-language request (``analyse NVDA's fundamentals and run a Monte Carlo167 simulation'') is turned into a report in which every figure is produced by live data retrieval or168 auditable code rather than by the model. We document four mechanisms as they are implemented and169 audit the description line by line against the platform's source code (vquant.git, commit170 e2a148a): (i)~an agentic orchestration loop that exposes 245 schema-defined tools---wrapping two171 market-data providers (249 typed functions over 233 endpoint paths), three web-research services,172 and a Python sandbox pre-loading 29 scientific packages---through a recursive, batched,173 streaming tool-calling protocol; (ii)~a three-stage context-management procedure (per-result174 truncation at execution, a re-send cap, and adaptive summarisation under a token budget) that175 keeps long sessions within the model's window; (iii)~a single-call computation convention that176 consolidates data acquisition, estimation, and figure rendering into one sandboxed execution; and177 (iv)~a document pipeline that renders one Markdown artifact into PDF, DOCX, \LaTeX{} Beamer, and178 spreadsheets with live formulas. The paper reports no empirical evaluation: it contains no179 measurements of numerical accuracy, hallucination rates, latency, or cost, and makes no comparative180 claims. Its contribution is a reproducible specification of the architecture, an honest account of181 where the implementation departs from its own documentation, and a pre-registered evaluation182 protocol---benchmark, metrics, ablations, and baselines---that has not yet been executed.183}184\newcommand{\WPkeywords}{large language models, LLM agents, tool use, design science, quantitative finance, automated report generation, reproducibility}185\newcommand{\WPjel}{C45, C63, C88, G17, O33}186187% --- Author ---188\newcommand{\WPauthor}{Simon-Pierre Boucher}189\newcommand{\WPaffiliation}{%190 Département des sciences administratives\\191 Université du Québec en Outaouais%192}193\newcommand{\WPemail}{simon-pierre.boucher@uqo.ca}194\newcommand{\WPaddress}{%195 Gatineau -- Pavillon Alexandre-Taché\\196 283, boulevard Alexandre-Taché\\197 Gatineau, Québec, Canada J9A 1L8%198}199200% ============================================================================201% DOCUMENT202% ============================================================================203\begin{document}204205% --- Title Page ---206\input{sections/titlepage}207208% --- Main Body ---209\input{sections/introduction}210\input{sections/literature}211\input{sections/data}212\input{sections/methodology}213\input{sections/results}214\input{sections/robustness}215\input{sections/conclusion}216217% --- References ---218\newpage219\bibliography{references}220221% --- Appendix ---222\input{appendix/appendix}223224\end{document}225