1{2 "record_id": "ebd764414d12429dec7ee666a2f902c6faad3bb7",3 "eligible": true,4 "exclusion_reason": null,5 "study": {6 "title": "Measuring the Value of U.S. National Parks Using Hedonic Property Value Models",7 "year": 2023,8 "doi": "10.3368/le.100.1.102122-0088r1",9 "country": "United States",10 "region_city": "Counties around 18 National Park Service units (Birmingham AL, Cuyahoga OH, Paterson NJ, River Raisin MI, Tule Springs NV, Boston MA, Tucson AZ, Great Smoky Mountains TN/NC, and others reported in figures/appendix)",11 "sample_start": 1987,12 "sample_end": 2021,13 "property_type": "single_family",14 "price_type": "transaction",15 "data_source": "Zillow ZTRAX / PLACES single-family sales and assessor data, 1987-2021, deflated by regional CPI less shelter",16 "document_type": "journal",17 "estimators": [18 "FE_panel"19 ],20 "spatial_method": "none (block group fixed effects)",21 "time_fe": true,22 "location_fe": true,23 "se_type": "unknown",24 "n_obs_total": null,25 "ai_methods": [],26 "notes": "Land Economics 100(1) 2024 (accepted manuscript, 55 pp.). Only the open-space terms (distance-band dummies to the national park, NPD) are tabulated (Table 2, p.47-48), with p-values; hedonic controls and PROT_5000 coefficients are not reported. Panel A: DID (Model 2) treatment effects in percent for five sites designated during the sample. Panel B: Model 1 constant distance-band effects; scale inconsistent across sites (Boston/Tucson look like log coefficients, Great Smoky in percent) - flagged in coefficient notes, confidence medium. Separate regressions per site with separate samples (n per site from text, pp. 27-37). Event-study (Model 3) results are graphical only. Appendix Table A11 (robustness) not in PDF."27 },28 "models": [29 {30 "model_id": "T2A-BICR",31 "table": "2",32 "column": "Panel A: Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument",33 "page": 47,34 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",35 "dep_transform": "log",36 "estimator": "FE_panel",37 "n_obs": 275643,38 "r2": null,39 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",40 "sample_subset": "Model 2 (DID): Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument; Alabama, 1998-2021; designation 2017 (treatment year 2017); all hedonic coefficients allowed to differ before/after designation; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"41 },42 {43 "model_id": "T2A-CUVA",44 "table": "2",45 "column": "Panel A: Cuyahoga Valley National Park",46 "page": 47,47 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",48 "dep_transform": "log",49 "estimator": "FE_panel",50 "n_obs": 492635,51 "r2": null,52 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",53 "sample_subset": "Model 2 (DID): Cuyahoga Valley National Park; Ohio, 1993-2021; redesignated 2000 (treatment year 2001); all hedonic coefficients allowed to differ before/after designation; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"54 },55 {56 "model_id": "T2A-PAGR",57 "table": "2",58 "column": "Panel A: Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park",59 "page": 47,60 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",61 "dep_transform": "log",62 "estimator": "FE_panel",63 "n_obs": 779069,64 "r2": null,65 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",66 "sample_subset": "Model 2 (DID): Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park; New Jersey, 1994-2021; established Nov 2011 (treatment year 2012); all hedonic coefficients allowed to differ before/after designation; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"67 },68 {69 "model_id": "T2A-RIRA",70 "table": "2",71 "column": "Panel A: River Raisin National Battlefield Park",72 "page": 47,73 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",74 "dep_transform": "log",75 "estimator": "FE_panel",76 "n_obs": 575846,77 "r2": null,78 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",79 "sample_subset": "Model 2 (DID): River Raisin National Battlefield Park; Michigan, 1994-2021; all hedonic coefficients allowed to differ before/after designation; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"80 },81 {82 "model_id": "T2A-TUSK",83 "table": "2",84 "column": "Panel A: Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument",85 "page": 47,86 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",87 "dep_transform": "log",88 "estimator": "FE_panel",89 "n_obs": 1480403,90 "r2": null,91 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",92 "sample_subset": "Model 2 (DID): Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument; Nevada (Las Vegas), 1994-2018; all hedonic coefficients allowed to differ before/after designation; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"93 },94 {95 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHS",96 "table": "2",97 "column": "Panel B: National Historic Sites",98 "page": 47,99 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",100 "dep_transform": "log",101 "estimator": "FE_panel",102 "n_obs": 966983,103 "r2": null,104 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",105 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Boston National Historic Sites; Boston MA, 1987-2021; block group FE; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"106 },107 {108 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHP",109 "table": "2",110 "column": "Panel B: National Historical Parks",111 "page": 47,112 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",113 "dep_transform": "log",114 "estimator": "FE_panel",115 "n_obs": 966983,116 "r2": null,117 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",118 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Boston National Historical Parks; Boston MA, 1987-2021; same regression as NHS row; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"119 },120 {121 "model_id": "T2B-SAGE",122 "table": "2",123 "column": "Panel B: Saguaro East",124 "page": 47,125 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",126 "dep_transform": "log",127 "estimator": "FE_panel",128 "n_obs": 283046,129 "r2": null,130 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",131 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Saguaro East; Tucson AZ, 1994-2019; four parks (Saguaro East/West, Coronado NF, Tucson Mountain Park) in one regression; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"132 },133 {134 "model_id": "T2B-SAGW",135 "table": "2",136 "column": "Panel B: Saguaro West",137 "page": 47,138 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",139 "dep_transform": "log",140 "estimator": "FE_panel",141 "n_obs": 283046,142 "r2": null,143 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",144 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Saguaro West; Tucson AZ, 1994-2019; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"145 },146 {147 "model_id": "T2B-CORO",148 "table": "2",149 "column": "Panel B: Coronado",150 "page": 47,151 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",152 "dep_transform": "log",153 "estimator": "FE_panel",154 "n_obs": 283046,155 "r2": null,156 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",157 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Coronado; Tucson AZ, 1994-2019 (Coronado National Forest, not a national park); hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"158 },159 {160 "model_id": "T2B-TUCS",161 "table": "2",162 "column": "Panel B: Tucson",163 "page": 47,164 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",165 "dep_transform": "log",166 "estimator": "FE_panel",167 "n_obs": 283046,168 "r2": null,169 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",170 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Tucson; Tucson AZ, 1994-2019 (Tucson Mountain Park, county park); hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"171 },172 {173 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-TN",174 "table": "2",175 "column": "Panel B: Tennessee",176 "page": 47,177 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",178 "dep_transform": "log",179 "estimator": "FE_panel",180 "n_obs": 358668,181 "r2": null,182 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",183 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Great Smoky Mountains NP - Tennessee; Tennessee side, 1994-2021; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"184 },185 {186 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-NC",187 "table": "2",188 "column": "Panel B: North Carolina",189 "page": 47,190 "dep_var": "log real sale price of single-family home (CPI less shelter deflated)",191 "dep_transform": "log",192 "estimator": "FE_panel",193 "n_obs": 49043,194 "r2": null,195 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "p",196 "sample_subset": "Model 1 (constant coefficients): Great Smoky Mountains NP - North Carolina; North Carolina side, 2005-2021; hedonic controls (house characteristics X, distances to lake/river/highway, PROT_5000 share of protected open space within 5 km) and block group + year-month fixed effects included but coefficients not reported; p-value printed next to each estimate"197 }198 ],199 "coefficients": [200 {201 "model_id": "T2A-BICR",202 "var_name_printed": "Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument x AFTER, distance band 1-3km",203 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",204 "x_transform": "other",205 "x_unit": "binary",206 "beta": 4.128,207 "se": null,208 "t": null,209 "p": 0.812,210 "p_stars": "",211 "ci_lo": null,212 "ci_hi": null,213 "page": 47,214 "confidence": "medium",215 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 1-3km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"216 },217 {218 "model_id": "T2A-BICR",219 "var_name_printed": "Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument x AFTER, distance band 3-5km",220 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",221 "x_transform": "other",222 "x_unit": "binary",223 "beta": 20.697,224 "se": null,225 "t": null,226 "p": 0.21,227 "p_stars": "",228 "ci_lo": null,229 "ci_hi": null,230 "page": 47,231 "confidence": "medium",232 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 3-5km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"233 },234 {235 "model_id": "T2A-BICR",236 "var_name_printed": "Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument x AFTER, distance band 5-7km",237 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",238 "x_transform": "other",239 "x_unit": "binary",240 "beta": 8.635,241 "se": null,242 "t": null,243 "p": 0.626,244 "p_stars": "",245 "ci_lo": null,246 "ci_hi": null,247 "page": 47,248 "confidence": "medium",249 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 5-7km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"250 },251 {252 "model_id": "T2A-BICR",253 "var_name_printed": "Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument x AFTER, distance band 7-10km",254 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",255 "x_transform": "other",256 "x_unit": "binary",257 "beta": 4.157,258 "se": null,259 "t": null,260 "p": 0.672,261 "p_stars": "",262 "ci_lo": null,263 "ci_hi": null,264 "page": 47,265 "confidence": "medium",266 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 7-10km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"267 },268 {269 "model_id": "T2A-CUVA",270 "var_name_printed": "Cuyahoga Valley National Park x AFTER, distance band <1km",271 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",272 "x_transform": "other",273 "x_unit": "binary",274 "beta": 0.224,275 "se": null,276 "t": null,277 "p": 0.973,278 "p_stars": "",279 "ci_lo": null,280 "ci_hi": null,281 "page": 47,282 "confidence": "medium",283 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band <1km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"284 },285 {286 "model_id": "T2A-CUVA",287 "var_name_printed": "Cuyahoga Valley National Park x AFTER, distance band 1-2km",288 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",289 "x_transform": "other",290 "x_unit": "binary",291 "beta": 2.712,292 "se": null,293 "t": null,294 "p": 0.636,295 "p_stars": "",296 "ci_lo": null,297 "ci_hi": null,298 "page": 47,299 "confidence": "medium",300 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 1-2km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"301 },302 {303 "model_id": "T2A-CUVA",304 "var_name_printed": "Cuyahoga Valley National Park x AFTER, distance band 2-3km",305 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",306 "x_transform": "other",307 "x_unit": "binary",308 "beta": -0.565,309 "se": null,310 "t": null,311 "p": 0.899,312 "p_stars": "",313 "ci_lo": null,314 "ci_hi": null,315 "page": 47,316 "confidence": "medium",317 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 2-3km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"318 },319 {320 "model_id": "T2A-CUVA",321 "var_name_printed": "Cuyahoga Valley National Park x AFTER, distance band 3-5km",322 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",323 "x_transform": "other",324 "x_unit": "binary",325 "beta": -1.55,326 "se": null,327 "t": null,328 "p": 0.546,329 "p_stars": "",330 "ci_lo": null,331 "ci_hi": null,332 "page": 47,333 "confidence": "medium",334 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 3-5km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"335 },336 {337 "model_id": "T2A-PAGR",338 "var_name_printed": "Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park x AFTER, distance band <1km",339 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",340 "x_transform": "other",341 "x_unit": "binary",342 "beta": -12.558,343 "se": null,344 "t": null,345 "p": 0.041,346 "p_stars": "",347 "ci_lo": null,348 "ci_hi": null,349 "page": 47,350 "confidence": "medium",351 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band <1km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"352 },353 {354 "model_id": "T2A-PAGR",355 "var_name_printed": "Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park x AFTER, distance band 1-2km",356 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",357 "x_transform": "other",358 "x_unit": "binary",359 "beta": -11.245,360 "se": null,361 "t": null,362 "p": 0.034,363 "p_stars": "",364 "ci_lo": null,365 "ci_hi": null,366 "page": 47,367 "confidence": "medium",368 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 1-2km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"369 },370 {371 "model_id": "T2A-PAGR",372 "var_name_printed": "Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park x AFTER, distance band 2-3km",373 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",374 "x_transform": "other",375 "x_unit": "binary",376 "beta": -10.233,377 "se": null,378 "t": null,379 "p": 0.043,380 "p_stars": "",381 "ci_lo": null,382 "ci_hi": null,383 "page": 47,384 "confidence": "medium",385 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 2-3km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"386 },387 {388 "model_id": "T2A-PAGR",389 "var_name_printed": "Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park x AFTER, distance band 3-5km",390 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",391 "x_transform": "other",392 "x_unit": "binary",393 "beta": -6.813,394 "se": null,395 "t": null,396 "p": 0.143,397 "p_stars": "",398 "ci_lo": null,399 "ci_hi": null,400 "page": 47,401 "confidence": "medium",402 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 3-5km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"403 },404 {405 "model_id": "T2A-RIRA",406 "var_name_printed": "River Raisin National Battlefield Park x AFTER, distance band 1-3km",407 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",408 "x_transform": "other",409 "x_unit": "binary",410 "beta": -10.155,411 "se": null,412 "t": null,413 "p": 0.686,414 "p_stars": "",415 "ci_lo": null,416 "ci_hi": null,417 "page": 47,418 "confidence": "medium",419 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 1-3km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"420 },421 {422 "model_id": "T2A-RIRA",423 "var_name_printed": "River Raisin National Battlefield Park x AFTER, distance band 3-5km",424 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",425 "x_transform": "other",426 "x_unit": "binary",427 "beta": 8.317,428 "se": null,429 "t": null,430 "p": 0.763,431 "p_stars": "",432 "ci_lo": null,433 "ci_hi": null,434 "page": 47,435 "confidence": "medium",436 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 3-5km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"437 },438 {439 "model_id": "T2A-RIRA",440 "var_name_printed": "River Raisin National Battlefield Park x AFTER, distance band 5-10km",441 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",442 "x_transform": "other",443 "x_unit": "binary",444 "beta": 6.455,445 "se": null,446 "t": null,447 "p": 0.816,448 "p_stars": "",449 "ci_lo": null,450 "ci_hi": null,451 "page": 47,452 "confidence": "medium",453 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 5-10km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"454 },455 {456 "model_id": "T2A-TUSK",457 "var_name_printed": "Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument x AFTER, distance band 1-3km",458 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",459 "x_transform": "other",460 "x_unit": "binary",461 "beta": -9.92,462 "se": null,463 "t": null,464 "p": 0.099,465 "p_stars": "",466 "ci_lo": null,467 "ci_hi": null,468 "page": 47,469 "confidence": "medium",470 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 1-3km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"471 },472 {473 "model_id": "T2A-TUSK",474 "var_name_printed": "Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument x AFTER, distance band 3-5km",475 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",476 "x_transform": "other",477 "x_unit": "binary",478 "beta": -8.61,479 "se": null,480 "t": null,481 "p": 0.144,482 "p_stars": "",483 "ci_lo": null,484 "ci_hi": null,485 "page": 47,486 "confidence": "medium",487 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 3-5km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"488 },489 {490 "model_id": "T2A-TUSK",491 "var_name_printed": "Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument x AFTER, distance band 5-10km",492 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",493 "x_transform": "other",494 "x_unit": "binary",495 "beta": -11.25,496 "se": null,497 "t": null,498 "p": 0.003,499 "p_stars": "",500 "ci_lo": null,501 "ci_hi": null,502 "page": 47,503 "confidence": "medium",504 "notes": "DID treatment effect (delta22: distance band 5-10km to park x AFTER designation) expressed as percent difference in house prices vs houses outside the farthest band; interaction term; Panel A values are in percent (e.g. -10.155 = -10.2%)"505 },506 {507 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHS",508 "var_name_printed": "National Historic Sites, distance band <=1 km",509 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",510 "x_transform": "binary",511 "x_unit": "binary",512 "beta": 0.039,513 "se": null,514 "t": null,515 "p": 0.252,516 "p_stars": "",517 "ci_lo": null,518 "ci_hi": null,519 "page": 47,520 "confidence": "medium",521 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"522 },523 {524 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHS",525 "var_name_printed": "National Historic Sites, distance band 1-2 km",526 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",527 "x_transform": "binary",528 "x_unit": "binary",529 "beta": -0.007,530 "se": null,531 "t": null,532 "p": 0.724,533 "p_stars": "",534 "ci_lo": null,535 "ci_hi": null,536 "page": 47,537 "confidence": "medium",538 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"539 },540 {541 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHS",542 "var_name_printed": "National Historic Sites, distance band 2-3 km",543 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",544 "x_transform": "binary",545 "x_unit": "binary",546 "beta": -0.01,547 "se": null,548 "t": null,549 "p": 0.516,550 "p_stars": "",551 "ci_lo": null,552 "ci_hi": null,553 "page": 47,554 "confidence": "medium",555 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"556 },557 {558 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHP",559 "var_name_printed": "National Historical Parks, distance band <=1 km",560 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",561 "x_transform": "binary",562 "x_unit": "binary",563 "beta": -0.003,564 "se": null,565 "t": null,566 "p": 0.028,567 "p_stars": "",568 "ci_lo": null,569 "ci_hi": null,570 "page": 47,571 "confidence": "medium",572 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"573 },574 {575 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHP",576 "var_name_printed": "National Historical Parks, distance band 1-2 km",577 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",578 "x_transform": "binary",579 "x_unit": "binary",580 "beta": -0.009,581 "se": null,582 "t": null,583 "p": 0.553,584 "p_stars": "",585 "ci_lo": null,586 "ci_hi": null,587 "page": 47,588 "confidence": "medium",589 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"590 },591 {592 "model_id": "T2B-BOST-NHP",593 "var_name_printed": "National Historical Parks, distance band 2-3 km",594 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",595 "x_transform": "binary",596 "x_unit": "binary",597 "beta": 0.007,598 "se": null,599 "t": null,600 "p": 0.622,601 "p_stars": "",602 "ci_lo": null,603 "ci_hi": null,604 "page": 47,605 "confidence": "medium",606 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"607 },608 {609 "model_id": "T2B-SAGE",610 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro East, distance band <=2 km",611 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",612 "x_transform": "binary",613 "x_unit": "binary",614 "beta": 0.113,615 "se": null,616 "t": null,617 "p": 0.003,618 "p_stars": "",619 "ci_lo": null,620 "ci_hi": null,621 "page": 47,622 "confidence": "medium",623 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"624 },625 {626 "model_id": "T2B-SAGE",627 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro East, distance band 2-3 km",628 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",629 "x_transform": "binary",630 "x_unit": "binary",631 "beta": 0.059,632 "se": null,633 "t": null,634 "p": 0.102,635 "p_stars": "",636 "ci_lo": null,637 "ci_hi": null,638 "page": 47,639 "confidence": "medium",640 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"641 },642 {643 "model_id": "T2B-SAGE",644 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro East, distance band 3-5 km",645 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",646 "x_transform": "binary",647 "x_unit": "binary",648 "beta": 0.022,649 "se": null,650 "t": null,651 "p": 0.48,652 "p_stars": "",653 "ci_lo": null,654 "ci_hi": null,655 "page": 47,656 "confidence": "medium",657 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (3-5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"658 },659 {660 "model_id": "T2B-SAGW",661 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro West, distance band <=1 km",662 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",663 "x_transform": "binary",664 "x_unit": "binary",665 "beta": -0.11,666 "se": null,667 "t": null,668 "p": 0.063,669 "p_stars": "",670 "ci_lo": null,671 "ci_hi": null,672 "page": 47,673 "confidence": "medium",674 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"675 },676 {677 "model_id": "T2B-SAGW",678 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro West, distance band 1-2 km",679 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",680 "x_transform": "binary",681 "x_unit": "binary",682 "beta": -0.062,683 "se": null,684 "t": null,685 "p": 0.197,686 "p_stars": "",687 "ci_lo": null,688 "ci_hi": null,689 "page": 47,690 "confidence": "medium",691 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"692 },693 {694 "model_id": "T2B-SAGW",695 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro West, distance band 2-3 km",696 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",697 "x_transform": "binary",698 "x_unit": "binary",699 "beta": -0.026,700 "se": null,701 "t": null,702 "p": 0.567,703 "p_stars": "",704 "ci_lo": null,705 "ci_hi": null,706 "page": 47,707 "confidence": "medium",708 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"709 },710 {711 "model_id": "T2B-SAGW",712 "var_name_printed": "Saguaro West, distance band 3-5 km",713 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",714 "x_transform": "binary",715 "x_unit": "binary",716 "beta": -0.006,717 "se": null,718 "t": null,719 "p": 0.87,720 "p_stars": "",721 "ci_lo": null,722 "ci_hi": null,723 "page": 47,724 "confidence": "medium",725 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (3-5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"726 },727 {728 "model_id": "T2B-CORO",729 "var_name_printed": "Coronado, distance band <=1 km",730 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",731 "x_transform": "binary",732 "x_unit": "binary",733 "beta": 0.141,734 "se": null,735 "t": null,736 "p": 0.006,737 "p_stars": "",738 "ci_lo": null,739 "ci_hi": null,740 "page": 47,741 "confidence": "medium",742 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"743 },744 {745 "model_id": "T2B-CORO",746 "var_name_printed": "Coronado, distance band 1-2 km",747 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",748 "x_transform": "binary",749 "x_unit": "binary",750 "beta": 0.099,751 "se": null,752 "t": null,753 "p": 0.008,754 "p_stars": "",755 "ci_lo": null,756 "ci_hi": null,757 "page": 47,758 "confidence": "medium",759 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"760 },761 {762 "model_id": "T2B-CORO",763 "var_name_printed": "Coronado, distance band 2-3 km",764 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",765 "x_transform": "binary",766 "x_unit": "binary",767 "beta": 0.083,768 "se": null,769 "t": null,770 "p": 0.003,771 "p_stars": "",772 "ci_lo": null,773 "ci_hi": null,774 "page": 47,775 "confidence": "medium",776 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"777 },778 {779 "model_id": "T2B-CORO",780 "var_name_printed": "Coronado, distance band 3-5 km",781 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",782 "x_transform": "binary",783 "x_unit": "binary",784 "beta": 0.051,785 "se": null,786 "t": null,787 "p": 0.01,788 "p_stars": "",789 "ci_lo": null,790 "ci_hi": null,791 "page": 47,792 "confidence": "medium",793 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (3-5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"794 },795 {796 "model_id": "T2B-TUCS",797 "var_name_printed": "Tucson, distance band <=1 km",798 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",799 "x_transform": "binary",800 "x_unit": "binary",801 "beta": -0.021,802 "se": null,803 "t": null,804 "p": 0.615,805 "p_stars": "",806 "ci_lo": null,807 "ci_hi": null,808 "page": 47,809 "confidence": "medium",810 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"811 },812 {813 "model_id": "T2B-TUCS",814 "var_name_printed": "Tucson, distance band 1-2 km",815 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",816 "x_transform": "binary",817 "x_unit": "binary",818 "beta": -0.033,819 "se": null,820 "t": null,821 "p": 0.426,822 "p_stars": "",823 "ci_lo": null,824 "ci_hi": null,825 "page": 47,826 "confidence": "medium",827 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"828 },829 {830 "model_id": "T2B-TUCS",831 "var_name_printed": "Tucson, distance band 2-3 km",832 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",833 "x_transform": "binary",834 "x_unit": "binary",835 "beta": -0.043,836 "se": null,837 "t": null,838 "p": 0.167,839 "p_stars": "",840 "ci_lo": null,841 "ci_hi": null,842 "page": 47,843 "confidence": "medium",844 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"845 },846 {847 "model_id": "T2B-TUCS",848 "var_name_printed": "Tucson, distance band 3-5 km",849 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",850 "x_transform": "binary",851 "x_unit": "binary",852 "beta": -0.021,853 "se": null,854 "t": null,855 "p": 0.372,856 "p_stars": "",857 "ci_lo": null,858 "ci_hi": null,859 "page": 47,860 "confidence": "medium",861 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (3-5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"862 },863 {864 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-TN",865 "var_name_printed": "Tennessee, distance band <=1 km",866 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",867 "x_transform": "binary",868 "x_unit": "binary",869 "beta": -5.535,870 "se": null,871 "t": null,872 "p": 0.249,873 "p_stars": "",874 "ci_lo": null,875 "ci_hi": null,876 "page": 47,877 "confidence": "medium",878 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=1 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"879 },880 {881 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-TN",882 "var_name_printed": "Tennessee, distance band 1-2 km",883 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",884 "x_transform": "binary",885 "x_unit": "binary",886 "beta": -4.067,887 "se": null,888 "t": null,889 "p": 0.398,890 "p_stars": "",891 "ci_lo": null,892 "ci_hi": null,893 "page": 47,894 "confidence": "medium",895 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (1-2 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"896 },897 {898 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-TN",899 "var_name_printed": "Tennessee, distance band 2-3 km",900 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",901 "x_transform": "binary",902 "x_unit": "binary",903 "beta": -6.154,904 "se": null,905 "t": null,906 "p": 0.078,907 "p_stars": "",908 "ci_lo": null,909 "ci_hi": null,910 "page": 47,911 "confidence": "medium",912 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (2-3 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"913 },914 {915 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-TN",916 "var_name_printed": "Tennessee, distance band 3-5 km",917 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",918 "x_transform": "binary",919 "x_unit": "binary",920 "beta": -5.5,921 "se": null,922 "t": null,923 "p": 0.024,924 "p_stars": "",925 "ci_lo": null,926 "ci_hi": null,927 "page": 47,928 "confidence": "medium",929 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (3-5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"930 },931 {932 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-NC",933 "var_name_printed": "North Carolina, distance band <=5 km",934 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",935 "x_transform": "binary",936 "x_unit": "binary",937 "beta": -24.04,938 "se": null,939 "t": null,940 "p": 0.0,941 "p_stars": "",942 "ci_lo": null,943 "ci_hi": null,944 "page": 47,945 "confidence": "medium",946 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (<=5 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"947 },948 {949 "model_id": "T2B-GRSM-NC",950 "var_name_printed": "North Carolina, distance band 5-10 km",951 "taxonomy_id": "green_space",952 "x_transform": "binary",953 "x_unit": "binary",954 "beta": -12.846,955 "se": null,956 "t": null,957 "p": 0.02,958 "p_stars": "",959 "ci_lo": null,960 "ci_hi": null,961 "page": 47,962 "confidence": "medium",963 "notes": "Model 1 distance-band dummy (5-10 km to park) vs houses outside the farthest band; values for Boston and Tucson sites appear to be log-point coefficients (delta2), whereas Great Smoky Mountains values are in percent; table note says 'percent difference in house prices ... (the estimate of delta2 in Model 1)' - scale ambiguous, recorded as printed"964 }965 ]966}