1{2 "key": "stanley2001wheat",3 "retrieved": "2026-10-20",4 "via": "doi",5 "message": {6 "indexed": {7 "date-parts": [8 [9 2026,10 10,11 912 ]13 ],14 "date-time": "2026-10-09T22:00:31Z",15 "timestamp": 1791583231554,16 "version": "4.3.4"17 },18 "reference-count": 42,19 "publisher": "American Economic Association",20 "issue": "3",21 "content-domain": {22 "domain": [],23 "crossmark-restriction": false24 },25 "short-container-title": [26 "Journal of Economic Perspectives"27 ],28 "published-print": {29 "date-parts": [30 [31 2001,32 8,33 134 ]35 ]36 },37 "abstract": "<jats:p>This paper presents and develops a quantitative method of literature reviewing and evaluating empirical research, meta-regression analysis or MRA. Economics is theory-driven. Yet, we must learn empirically if economics is to advance. MRA offers a more objective statistical method to summarize our empirical knowledge and to explain the wide study-to-study variation in economic research. MRA is used to assess the evidence for Ricardian equivalence, and its findings are contrasted to those of conventional narrative review. Furthermore, MRA establishes a platform from which to distinguish genuine empirical effect from the exploitable specification error that infests applied econometrics.</jats:p>",38 "DOI": "10.1257/jep.15.3.131",39 "type": "journal-article",40 "created": {41 "date-parts": [42 [43 2010,44 6,45 846 ]47 ],48 "date-time": "2010-06-08T10:46:45Z",49 "timestamp": 127599400500050 },51 "page": "131-150",52 "source": "Crossref",53 "is-referenced-by-count": 683,54 "title": [55 "Wheat From Chaff: Meta-Analysis As Quantitative Literature Review"56 ],57 "prefix": "10.1257",58 "volume": "15",59 "author": [60 {61 "given": "T.D",62 "family": "Stanley",63 "sequence": "first",64 "affiliation": [65 {66 "name": "Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas."67 }68 ],69 "role": [70 {71 "vocabulary": "crossref",72 "role": "author"73 }74 ]75 }76 ],77 "member": "11",78 "reference": [79 {80 "key": "p_3",81 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",82 "DOI": "10.1001/jama.1992.03490020088036"83 },84 {85 "key": "p_4",86 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