1{2 "key": "vevea1995general",3 "retrieved": "2026-10-20",4 "via": "doi",5 "message": {6 "indexed": {7 "date-parts": [8 [9 2026,10 10,11 2012 ]13 ],14 "date-time": "2026-10-20T17:21:16Z",15 "timestamp": 1792516876188,16 "version": "4.5.0"17 },18 "reference-count": 29,19 "publisher": "Cambridge University Press (CUP)",20 "issue": "3",21 "license": [22 {23 "start": {24 "date-parts": [25 [26 2025,27 1,28 129 ]30 ],31 "date-time": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z",32 "timestamp": 173568960000033 },34 "content-version": "unspecified",35 "delay-in-days": 10715,36 "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms"37 }38 ],39 "content-domain": {40 "domain": [],41 "crossmark-restriction": false42 },43 "short-container-title": [44 "Psychometrika"45 ],46 "published-print": {47 "date-parts": [48 [49 1995,50 951 ]52 ]53 },54 "abstract": "<jats:p>When the process of publication favors studies with small <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-values, and hence large effect estimates, combined estimates from many studies may be biased. This paper describes a model for estimation of effect size when there is selection based on one-tailed <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-values. The model employs the method of maximum likelihood in the context of a mixed (fixed and random) effects general linear model for effect sizes. It offers a test for the presence of publication bias, and corrected estimates of the parameters of the linear model for effect magnitude. The model is illustrated using a well-known data set on the benefits of psychotherapy.</jats:p>",55 "DOI": "10.1007/bf02294384",56 "type": "journal-article",57 "created": {58 "date-parts": [59 [60 2006,61 1,62 2563 ]64 ],65 "date-time": "2006-01-25T15:34:18Z",66 "timestamp": 113820325800067 },68 "page": "419-435",69 "source": "Crossref",70 "is-referenced-by-count": 323,71 "title": [72 "A General Linear Model for Estimating Effect Size in the Presence of Publication Bias"73 ],74 "prefix": "10.1017",75 "volume": "60",76 "author": [77 {78 "given": "Jack L.",79 "family": "Vevea",80 "sequence": "first",81 "affiliation": [],82 "role": [83 {84 "vocabulary": "crossref",85 "role": "author"86 }87 ]88 },89 {90 "given": "Larry V.",91 "family": "Hedges",92 "sequence": "additional",93 "affiliation": [],94 "role": [95 {96 "vocabulary": "crossref",97 "role": "author"98 }99 ]100 }101 ],102 "member": "56",103 "published-online": {104 "date-parts": [105 [106 2025,107 1,108 1109 ]110 ]111 },112 "reference": [113 {114 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR6",115 "first-page": "75",116 "article-title": "Discussion on meta-analysis and selective publication bias",117 "volume": "39",118 "author": "Dawes",119 "year": "1984",120 "journal-title": "American Psychologist"121 },122 {123 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR21",124 "volume-title": "Combining information: Statistical issues and research opportunities",125 "year": "1992"126 },127 {128 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR18",129 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",130 "DOI": "10.1111/j.2044-8317.1978.tb00578.x"131 },132 {133 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR12",134 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",135 "DOI": "10.3102/10769986009001061"136 },137 {138 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR24",139 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",140 "DOI": "10.2466/pr0.1964.15.2.570"141 },142 {143 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR15",144 "unstructured": "Hedges, L. V. , & Vevea, J. L. (1993). Estimating effect size under publication bias: Small sample properties and robustness of a selection model. Manuscript submitted for publication."145 },146 {147 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR19",148 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",149 "DOI": "10.4159/9780674040243"150 },151 {152 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR23",153 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",154 "DOI": "10.1080/00223980.1963.9916596"155 },156 {157 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR27",158 "first-page": "30",159 "article-title": "Publication decisions and their possible effects on inferences drawn from tests of significance or vice versa",160 "volume": "54",161 "author": "Sterling",162 "year": "1959",163 "journal-title": "Journal of the American Statistical Association"164 },165 {166 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR11",167 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",168 "DOI": "10.1037/h0076157"169 },170 {171 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR25",172 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",173 "DOI": "10.1016/0191-765X(80)90004-X"174 },175 {176 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR7",177 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",178 "DOI": "10.1214/ss/1177011363"179 },180 {181 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR14",182 "volume-title": "Statistical methods for meta-analysis",183 "author": "Hedges",184 "year": "1985"185 },186 {187 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR5",188 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",189 "DOI": "10.1037/0735-7028.17.2.136"190 },191 {192 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR28",193 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",194 "DOI": "10.1037/0021-9010.78.6.981"195 },196 {197 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR13",198 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",199 "DOI": "10.1214/ss/1177011364"200 },201 {202 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR8",203 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",204 "DOI": "10.1016/0197-2456(91)90115-3"205 },206 {207 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR16",208 "first-page": "109",209 "article-title": "Selection models and the file drawer problem",210 "volume": "3",211 "author": "Iyengar",212 "year": "1988",213 "journal-title": "Statistical Science"214 },215 {216 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR1",217 "first-page": "399",218 "volume-title": "The handbook of research synthesis",219 "author": "Begg",220 "year": "1994"221 },222 {223 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR2",224 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",225 "DOI": "10.2307/2982993"226 },227 {228 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR22",229 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",230 "DOI": "10.1037/0003-066X.41.11.1299"231 },232 {233 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR29",234 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",235 "DOI": "10.1037/0033-2909.91.3.461"236 },237 {238 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR10",239 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",240 "DOI": "10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y"241 },242 {243 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR26",244 "volume-title": "The benefits of psychotherapy",245 "author": "Smith",246 "year": "1980"247 },248 {249 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR9",250 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",251 "DOI": "10.1001/jama.1992.03480030052036"252 },253 {254 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR20",255 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",256 "DOI": "10.1037/h0045549"257 },258 {259 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR4",260 "volume-title": "The handbook of research synthesis",261 "author": "Cooper",262 "year": "1994"263 },264 {265 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR3",266 "doi-asserted-by": "publisher",267 "DOI": "10.1037/h0038034"268 },269 {270 "key": "S0033312300027691_CR17",271 "volume-title": "The advanced theory of statistics. 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