spb/wp29_uqo

1{"type":"atis-latch","atis":"","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}2{"type":"queue-operation","operation":"enqueue","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:40.933Z","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","content":"Begin"}3{"type":"queue-operation","operation":"dequeue","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:40.937Z","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}4{"parentUuid":null,"isSidechain":false,"promptId":"f0e96060-7d5e-4084-a67d-41d86cd5bdfc","type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":"Begin"},"uuid":"2de36605-3ff7-4a57-9818-ff4a52c09a4f","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:40.940Z","permissionMode":"default","promptSource":"sdk","turnOrigin":"sdk","turnPosition":{"promptIndex":0,"turnIndex":1},"userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}5{"type":"api-request-shape","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","shapeHash":"cabf5bf0c7cc3bc25f7e9cad48cbbb2e67fe682731068c681321bb66886e1651","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:40.951Z","version":"2.1.314","shape":{"system":[{"type":"text","text":"You are Claude Code, Anthropic's official CLI for Claude, running within the Claude Agent SDK."},{"type":"text","text":"CWD: /Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008\nDate: 2026-10-30\n\nYou are a research assistant executing one bounded scientific task inside the current working directory, which is your workspace.\n\nEnvironment facts (identical for every task):\n- The task statement is the file `TASK.md` in the workspace. It is the complete and only authoritative description of what is required: the scientific question, the inputs under `data/`, the required output files and their exact keys, and the information-availability rules.\n- There is no network access. Use the Python interpreter `~/wp29/venv/bin/python` (numpy, pandas, scipy, statsmodels, matplotlib are installed). Standard shell tools are available. Do not try to install packages.\n- Write every deliverable under `./out/`. The required deliverables are listed in `TASK.md`; at minimum they always include `out/results.json`, `out/report.md`, and a replication entry point `out/analysis.py` that regenerates `out/results.json` from `data/` when run with `~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py` from the workspace root.\n- You are working alone and unattended; nobody will answer questions. Make reasonable, documented decisions.\n\nIntegrity rules (identical for every task):\n- Never fabricate numbers, data, results, or references. Every number in `out/results.json` and `out/report.md` must be produced by code you ran on the provided inputs.\n- Respect the information-availability rules in `TASK.md` exactly (for example, never use information that would not have been available at the stated decision time).\n- If part of the task cannot be completed as specified, say so explicitly in `out/report.md`, explain why, and still write every required file (use `null` for values you could not legitimately produce). An honest statement of a limitation is always preferred to a fabricated or guessed value.\n- Do not modify anything under `data/`.\n- When you are done, end with a brief plain-text summary of what you produced and any limitations.\n\nComplete the task described in `TASK.md`. Below is some general advice about doing careful empirical research; it adds nothing specific to this task and you are free to ignore it.\n\nCareful empirical work usually begins by reading the task statement slowly and more than once, because the most common errors in applied research come not from difficult mathematics but from a misunderstanding of what exactly is being asked, which quantity is of interest, and which inputs are legitimately available. It is worth pausing to think about what the quantity of interest actually means, under what conditions it is well defined, and what would make an estimate of it misleading. Many published results have been overturned not because the estimator was wrong but because the sample was not what the authors believed it to be, or because information that should not have been available at the time of a decision had quietly entered the analysis.\n\nData deserve suspicion. Files assembled from several sources often carry inconsistencies: duplicated records, mixed units, shifted dates, columns whose definitions changed mid-sample, or values that were revised after the fact. Good practice is to look at the data before modelling them: distributions, ranges, missing values, identifiers, and whether counts add up. When something looks odd, it is better to document it and decide explicitly how to handle it than to let a default silently decide. The same applies to transformations: scaling, differencing, winsorising and imputing all change what is being estimated, and each deserves a sentence of justification.\n\nSimple baselines are underrated. A naïve or unconditional estimate computed with exactly the same evaluation rule as the main method tells the reader how much the method actually adds and protects against the illusion of progress created by a complicated pipeline. If the elaborate method does not beat the simple one, that is a finding, not a failure.\n\nUncertainty is part of the result. Standard errors must respect the dependence structure of the data; a confidence interval that ignores clustering, serial correlation or overlapping targets is not conservative, it is wrong. Where the sampling distribution is unknown, resampling or simulation can help, but the assumptions behind them should be stated. A result that is not statistically distinguishable from zero should be reported as such, in plain words.\n\nReproducibility is a courtesy to the reader and a safeguard for the author. Keeping the analysis in a script that reads the raw inputs and regenerates every reported number makes it possible to check the work, to find mistakes, and to rerun the analysis when the inputs change. Fixing random seeds, recording software versions and keeping intermediate files out of the final results all reduce the chance that a number in the report cannot be traced back to a computation.\n\nFinally, honesty about limitations is what distinguishes research from advocacy. Every analysis has weaknesses: assumptions that may not hold, data that may not be representative, methods that trade one bias for another. Stating them clearly, together with what would be needed to resolve them, is more valuable than a confident conclusion that the evidence does not support. When a task cannot be completed as specified, saying so, and saying why, is the correct outcome.\n"}],"tools":[{"name":"Bash","description":"execute shell commands","input_schema":{"$schema":"https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema","type":"object","properties":{"command":{"description":"The command to execute","type":"string"},"timeout":{"description":"Optional timeout in milliseconds (max 600000 for a foreground command)","type":"number"},"description":{"description":"Clear, concise description of what this command does in active voice. 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the user's own instructions about these lines, such as a CLAUDE.md or memory rule, take precedence over this reminder, but do not add attribution lines this reminder leaves out):\n- End git commit messages with:\nCo-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>\n- End pull request descriptions with:\n🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)\n</system-reminder>"}],"renderedRole":"user","renderedBesideToolResult":true,"userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}11{"type":"tools-used","tools":["Bash"],"sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}12{"parentUuid":"00c0f971-a8ee-41b9-83c0-c5444a4df0fc","isSidechain":false,"message":{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","id":"msg_011CgXsi7WLRPYK6uFaSqFf6","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_01KDmoJAbaQr7bB1k8tFH4Ni","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat TASK.md; 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For every assertion, decide from the cited extract alone whether it is **supported** (every element of the assertion — sign, magnitude, uncertainty statement, significance claim, population — is stated in, or follows arithmetically from, the source), **not_supported** (at least one element is contradicted by the source or does not follow from it), or **not_assessable** (the source does not report the quantity or comparison needed to judge the assertion, so it can be neither confirmed nor refuted from the extract). Each verdict must carry a locator (source id and the table, row/column or section that decides it) and a one-sentence reason. The estimands are the six verdicts.\n\n## Inputs\n- `data/assertions.json` — list of the six assertions: {\"id\", \"cites\" (source id), \"text\"}.\n- `data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` — extract of Armendariz (2026), *Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland*, arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN], CC BY 4.0: abstract, Section 6 (Results: Table 6 overall ATT by buffer; Table 7 ATT by outcome category and buffer; Section 6.1 Mechanisms) and Appendix Table A19. Outcomes are log hospitalisation rates per 100,000 inhabitants (ATTs in log points; the \"% change\" rows and the text convert them to percentage changes); standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the MedStat region level; stars: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.10.\n- `data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` — extract of Li, Pearson-Merkowitz & Yokum (2026), *Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining RESEA Program on Employment Outcomes*, arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN], CC BY 4.0: abstract, Section 3 Results (Table 2 with group means, treatment–control differences and ATE estimates with p-values and 95% CIs; results text; Section 3.1) and Table 3. Tables 2 and 3 were re-set one row per outcome (values verbatim; see the extract header).\n- `data/README.md` — provenance, retrieval times, licences, SHA-256 of the extracts.\n\n## Information-availability rules\n- The extracts are the only admissible evidence. Do not use remembered content of the papers, other versions, or outside knowledge of the programmes.\n- A percentage change implied by a log-point coefficient b is 100·(exp(b) − 1); a 95% confidence interval from a printed standard error is the estimate ± 1.96·SE (2.0 is also acceptable). Use these conventions when an assertion requires a conversion the source does not print.\n- \"Supported\" requires every element of the assertion to hold; an assertion that is partly correct and partly contradicted is `not_supported`. Use `not_assessable` only when the extract contains no quantity or comparison bearing on the claim (e.g. a subgroup the source never reports), not when the claim is merely imprecise.\n- A locator has the form `<source id> | Table <n> | row \"<row>\" | column \"<col>\"` or `<source id> | Section <n or title>`; one locator per assertion.\n\n## Required outputs\n- `out/results.json` with the keys:\n\n| key | type | unit | meaning |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| `verdicts` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"supported\" / \"not_supported\" / \"not_assessable\", …, \"A6\": …} |\n| `locators` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"<locator>\", …} — the table/section that decides the verdict (for `not_assessable`, the table/section where the relevant outcome is reported, or \"not reported in <source id>\") |\n| `reasons` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"<one sentence naming the decisive element>\", …} |\n| `n_supported`, `n_not_supported`, `n_not_assessable` | integer | — | counts over the six assertions |\n| `task_id` | string | — | \"F4-conf-02\" |\n| `feasibility` | string | — | \"complete\", \"partial\" or \"infeasible\" — refers to the task as a whole |\n| `feasibility_reason` | string or null | — | explanation if not complete |\n| `data_issues` | array of {\"issue\",\"handling\"} | — | problems detected in the inputs (rendering defects, internal inconsistencies of a source, etc.) and how they were handled; empty list if none |\n| `n_input_rows` | object | lines / items | {file name: number of lines} for every file under `data/` that you read (text files: number of newline-terminated lines as reported by `wc -l`; JSON files: number of top-level items) |\n| `n_analysed` | integer or null | — | number of reported items (values, assertions, effects or references) you actually assessed |\n| `random_seed` | integer or null | — | null (no randomness is involved) |\n\n- `out/report.md` with the sections: Question; Data and exclusions; Method; Results; Uncertainty; Limitations and open issues. \"Uncertainty\" must discuss which verdicts depend on a convention (critical value, log-to-percent conversion) and whether the verdict would change under a reasonable alternative.\n- `out/analysis.py` — running `~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py` from the workspace root must regenerate `out/results.json` from `data/` only, deterministically (the script may encode the verdict logic explicitly; it must print the source lines it relies on).\n- `out/claims.json` — a list of the central claims of the report: [{\"id\": \"C1\", \"text\": \"...\", \"results_keys\": [\"...\"], \"status\": \"supported\"|\"unsupported\"|\"not_evaluated\", \"caveat\": \"...\"}].\n\n## Constraints\n- No network access. Python: `~/wp29/venv/bin/python` (numpy, pandas, scipy, statsmodels available; the standard library is sufficient for this task). Do not modify `data/`.\n- The source extracts under `data/sources/` are the **only** admissible evidence. Do not rely on memory of the papers or on other versions of them; if a quantity is not in the extract, it is not available.\n- Report numbers exactly as printed in the source (same sign, same number of decimals); do not round or rescale printed values unless the key definition asks for a transformation.\n- This task is designed to be completed in well under 20 minutes of work.\ntotal 16\ndrwxr-xr-x  5 simon-pierreboucher  staff   160 oct.  29 23:45 .\ndrwxr-xr-x  6 simon-pierreboucher  staff   192 oct.  29 23:45 ..\n-rw-r--r--  1 simon-pierreboucher  staff  1365 oct.  29 23:45 assertions.json\n-rw-r--r--  1 simon-pierreboucher  staff  2017 oct.  29 23:45 README.md\ndrwxr-xr-x  4 simon-pierreboucher  staff   128 oct.  29 23:45 sources\nhead: Error reading data/sources\n==> data/assertions.json <==\n[\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A1\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\"\n\n==> data/README.md <==\n# Data provenance — F4-conf-02\n\nAll files under `data/sources/` are plain-text extracts of publicly accessible documents, prepared by the task designer on 2026-10-30 (UTC). Each extract begins with a provenance header (title, authors, bibliographic record, retrieval URL and UTC, SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML, license, list of included and omitted sections). Only the excerpts needed for the task are reproduced; everything else is omitted. Tables are rendered one row per line with ` | ` between cells; in regression tables, the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses as printed in the original.\n\n| file | document | retrieval UTC | license | SHA-256 of the extract |\n\n==> data/sources <==","is_error":true,"tool_use_id":"toolu_01KDmoJAbaQr7bB1k8tFH4Ni"}]},"uuid":"5dd9e195-6f9b-4716-8f02-cbaee3d13c0f","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:42.967Z","toolUseResult":"Error: Exit code 1\n# F4-conf-02 — Is each quoted assertion supported by the source it cites?\n\n## Scientific question\nA literature review drafted from two open-access studies contains six assertions, each citing one of the two sources provided. For every assertion, decide from the cited extract alone whether it is **supported** (every element of the assertion — sign, magnitude, uncertainty statement, significance claim, population — is stated in, or follows arithmetically from, the source), **not_supported** (at least one element is contradicted by the source or does not follow from it), or **not_assessable** (the source does not report the quantity or comparison needed to judge the assertion, so it can be neither confirmed nor refuted from the extract). Each verdict must carry a locator (source id and the table, row/column or section that decides it) and a one-sentence reason. The estimands are the six verdicts.\n\n## Inputs\n- `data/assertions.json` — list of the six assertions: {\"id\", \"cites\" (source id), \"text\"}.\n- `data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` — extract of Armendariz (2026), *Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland*, arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN], CC BY 4.0: abstract, Section 6 (Results: Table 6 overall ATT by buffer; Table 7 ATT by outcome category and buffer; Section 6.1 Mechanisms) and Appendix Table A19. Outcomes are log hospitalisation rates per 100,000 inhabitants (ATTs in log points; the \"% change\" rows and the text convert them to percentage changes); standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the MedStat region level; stars: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.10.\n- `data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` — extract of Li, Pearson-Merkowitz & Yokum (2026), *Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining RESEA Program on Employment Outcomes*, arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN], CC BY 4.0: abstract, Section 3 Results (Table 2 with group means, treatment–control differences and ATE estimates with p-values and 95% CIs; results text; Section 3.1) and Table 3. Tables 2 and 3 were re-set one row per outcome (values verbatim; see the extract header).\n- `data/README.md` — provenance, retrieval times, licences, SHA-256 of the extracts.\n\n## Information-availability rules\n- The extracts are the only admissible evidence. Do not use remembered content of the papers, other versions, or outside knowledge of the programmes.\n- A percentage change implied by a log-point coefficient b is 100·(exp(b) − 1); a 95% confidence interval from a printed standard error is the estimate ± 1.96·SE (2.0 is also acceptable). Use these conventions when an assertion requires a conversion the source does not print.\n- \"Supported\" requires every element of the assertion to hold; an assertion that is partly correct and partly contradicted is `not_supported`. Use `not_assessable` only when the extract contains no quantity or comparison bearing on the claim (e.g. a subgroup the source never reports), not when the claim is merely imprecise.\n- A locator has the form `<source id> | Table <n> | row \"<row>\" | column \"<col>\"` or `<source id> | Section <n or title>`; one locator per assertion.\n\n## Required outputs\n- `out/results.json` with the keys:\n\n| key | type | unit | meaning |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| `verdicts` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"supported\" / \"not_supported\" / \"not_assessable\", …, \"A6\": …} |\n| `locators` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"<locator>\", …} — the table/section that decides the verdict (for `not_assessable`, the table/section where the relevant outcome is reported, or \"not reported in <source id>\") |\n| `reasons` | object | — | {\"A1\": \"<one sentence naming the decisive element>\", …} |\n| `n_supported`, `n_not_supported`, `n_not_assessable` | integer | — | counts over the six assertions |\n| `task_id` | string | — | \"F4-conf-02\" |\n| `feasibility` | string | — | \"complete\", \"partial\" or \"infeasible\" — refers to the task as a whole |\n| `feasibility_reason` | string or null | — | explanation if not complete |\n| `data_issues` | array of {\"issue\",\"handling\"} | — | problems detected in the inputs (rendering defects, internal inconsistencies of a source, etc.) and how they were handled; empty list if none |\n| `n_input_rows` | object | lines / items | {file name: number of lines} for every file under `data/` that you read (text files: number of newline-terminated lines as reported by `wc -l`; JSON files: number of top-level items) |\n| `n_analysed` | integer or null | — | number of reported items (values, assertions, effects or references) you actually assessed |\n| `random_seed` | integer or null | — | null (no randomness is involved) |\n\n- `out/report.md` with the sections: Question; Data and exclusions; Method; Results; Uncertainty; Limitations and open issues. \"Uncertainty\" must discuss which verdicts depend on a convention (critical value, log-to-percent conversion) and whether the verdict would change under a reasonable alternative.\n- `out/analysis.py` — running `~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py` from the workspace root must regenerate `out/results.json` from `data/` only, deterministically (the script may encode the verdict logic explicitly; it must print the source lines it relies on).\n- `out/claims.json` — a list of the central claims of the report: [{\"id\": \"C1\", \"text\": \"...\", \"results_keys\": [\"...\"], \"status\": \"supported\"|\"unsupported\"|\"not_evaluated\", \"caveat\": \"...\"}].\n\n## Constraints\n- No network access. Python: `~/wp29/venv/bin/python` (numpy, pandas, scipy, statsmodels available; the standard library is sufficient for this task). Do not modify `data/`.\n- The source extracts under `data/sources/` are the **only** admissible evidence. Do not rely on memory of the papers or on other versions of them; if a quantity is not in the extract, it is not available.\n- Report numbers exactly as printed in the source (same sign, same number of decimals); do not round or rescale printed values unless the key definition asks for a transformation.\n- This task is designed to be completed in well under 20 minutes of work.\ntotal 16\ndrwxr-xr-x  5 simon-pierreboucher  staff   160 oct.  29 23:45 .\ndrwxr-xr-x  6 simon-pierreboucher  staff   192 oct.  29 23:45 ..\n-rw-r--r--  1 simon-pierreboucher  staff  1365 oct.  29 23:45 assertions.json\n-rw-r--r--  1 simon-pierreboucher  staff  2017 oct.  29 23:45 README.md\ndrwxr-xr-x  4 simon-pierreboucher  staff   128 oct.  29 23:45 sources\nhead: Error reading data/sources\n==> data/assertions.json <==\n[\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A1\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\"\n\n==> data/README.md <==\n# Data provenance — F4-conf-02\n\nAll files under `data/sources/` are plain-text extracts of publicly accessible documents, prepared by the task designer on 2026-10-30 (UTC). Each extract begins with a provenance header (title, authors, bibliographic record, retrieval URL and UTC, SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML, license, list of included and omitted sections). Only the excerpts needed for the task are reproduced; everything else is omitted. Tables are rendered one row per line with ` | ` between cells; in regression tables, the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses as printed in the original.\n\n| file | document | retrieval UTC | license | SHA-256 of the extract |\n\n==> data/sources <==","sandboxed":false,"sourceToolAssistantUUID":"21b6baed-1f84-4fd6-bb5f-8d468b41022b","permissionDecision":{"decision":"accept","source":"config","reasonType":"rule","ruleSource":"cliArg"},"userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}14{"type":"api-request-blob","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","hash":"af5d3322e73980a79197e6aa52c6b5dffbe8ecd3b511d2301bb845cdb4407b5d","message":{"role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_01KDmoJAbaQr7bB1k8tFH4Ni","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat TASK.md; ls -la data; head -5 data/*","description":"Read task and list data"}}]}}15{"type":"api-request","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","id":"d3839874-b1c3-4cda-9e2b-d7187073d170","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:42.971Z","version":"2.1.314","querySource":"sdk","shapeHash":"cabf5bf0c7cc3bc25f7e9cad48cbbb2e67fe682731068c681321bb66886e1651","params":{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","betas":["claude-code-20250219","interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14","context-management-2025-06-27","prompt-caching-scope-2026-01-05","per-turn-control-2026-07-01","thinking-token-count-2026-05-13","mid-conversation-system-clear-at-2026-08-21","effort-2025-11-24","thinking-binding-controls-2026-08-01","thinking-display-updates-2026-08-18","cache-diagnosis-2026-04-07"],"max_tokens":128000,"thinking":{"type":"adaptive","display":"updates"},"context_management":{"edits":[{"type":"clear_thinking_20251015","keep":"all"}]},"output_config":{"effort":"medium"}},"base":"d3addfac-d62e-4580-b278-89db6bcff35d","keep":2,"tail":["af5d3322e73980a79197e6aa52c6b5dffbe8ecd3b511d2301bb845cdb4407b5d","de0fc4393ee39ed30285a103c9da2b6ad55d9837944aaad27741ffc028cecc06"],"cacheControl":[{"path":["system",0],"value":{"type":"ephemeral"}},{"path":["system",1],"value":{"type":"ephemeral"}},{"path":["messages",3,"content",0],"value":{"type":"ephemeral"}}],"requestDigest":"c09c004bdf5fba2f5381906d6136e87a11b5cfa906f3859b1425a6eb120bf2d6"}16{"type":"last-prompt","lastPrompt":"Begin","leafUuid":"5dd9e195-6f9b-4716-8f02-cbaee3d13c0f","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}17{"type":"atis-latch","atis":"","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}18{"parentUuid":"5dd9e195-6f9b-4716-8f02-cbaee3d13c0f","isSidechain":false,"message":{"model":"claude-opus-5-5","id":"msg_011CgXsiFJexkzbRks7ndrkr","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_013dYVgivTcPJWFDwypedMTz","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat data/assertions.json data/README.md; cat -n data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt; cat -n data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt; wc -l data/*.* data/sources/*; cd data/sources && shasum -a 256 *","description":"Read all inputs"},"caller":{"type":"direct"}}],"container":null,"stop_reason":"tool_use","stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":2926,"cache_read_input_tokens":3186,"output_tokens":169,"output_tokens_details":{"thinking_tokens":0},"server_tool_use":{"web_search_requests":0,"web_fetch_requests":0},"service_tier":"standard","cache_creation":{"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":2926},"inference_geo":"global","iterations":[],"speed":"standard","fallback_credit":null},"input_transformations":[],"diagnostics":null,"context_management":null},"apiBlockIndex":0,"requestId":"req_011CgXsiF3GQfBPNApqRL1kv","requestRef":"d3839874-b1c3-4cda-9e2b-d7187073d170","requestedModel":"claude-opus-5-5","type":"assistant","uuid":"b66f41cc-8adb-4c0c-abc3-a11e498400af","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:45.317Z","effort":"medium","perTurnEffort":"medium","userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}19{"parentUuid":"b66f41cc-8adb-4c0c-abc3-a11e498400af","isSidechain":false,"promptId":"f0e96060-7d5e-4084-a67d-41d86cd5bdfc","type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_013dYVgivTcPJWFDwypedMTz","type":"tool_result","content":"<persisted-output>\nOutput too large (30.1KB). Full output saved to: /Users/simon-pierreboucher/.claude/projects/-Users-simon-pierreboucher-wp29-runs-RA0008/5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776/tool-results/bby9ke6f3.txt\n\nPreview (first 2KB):\n[\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A1\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A2\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"At the 1 km buffer, the estimated ATT for HIV hospitalisations is negative (−0.063), i.e. HIV hospitalisations fall after a DCR opening in the immediate vicinity.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A3\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"The 3 km ATT of −0.283 implies a 28.3% reduction in drug-related hospitalisations within 3 km of a DCR.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A4\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"For viral hepatitis at the 5 km buffer, the 95% confidence interval of the ATT is approximately [−0.66, −0.16] and therefore excludes zero.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A5\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"The reduction in drug-related hospitalisations after a DCR opening is larger for men than for women.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A6\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2606.14621v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Selection into RESEA reduced the number of weeks on UI by 1.99 weeks (95% CI [−2.24, −1.75]), an 11.5% decrease relative to the control-group mean of 17.3 weeks.\"\n  }\n]\n# Data provenance — F4-conf-02\n\nAll files under `data/sources/` are plain-text extracts of publicly accessible documents, prepared by the task designer on 2026-10-30 (UTC). Each extract begins with a provenance header (title, authors, bibliographic record, retrieval URL and UTC, SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML, license, list of included and omitted sections). Only the excerpts needed for the task are reproduced; everything else is omitted. Tables are rendered one row per line with ` | ` between cells; in regression tables, the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses as printed in the original.\n\n...\n</persisted-output>","is_error":false}]},"uuid":"8a9289dd-b0a3-4e97-904f-d9023a261e52","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:45.376Z","toolUseResult":{"stdout":"[\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A1\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A2\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"At the 1 km buffer, the estimated ATT for HIV hospitalisations is negative (−0.063), i.e. HIV hospitalisations fall after a DCR opening in the immediate vicinity.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A3\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"The 3 km ATT of −0.283 implies a 28.3% reduction in drug-related hospitalisations within 3 km of a DCR.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A4\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"For viral hepatitis at the 5 km buffer, the 95% confidence interval of the ATT is approximately [−0.66, −0.16] and therefore excludes zero.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A5\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\",\n    \"text\": \"The reduction in drug-related hospitalisations after a DCR opening is larger for men than for women.\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": \"A6\",\n    \"cites\": \"arxiv-2606.14621v1\",\n    \"text\": \"Selection into RESEA reduced the number of weeks on UI by 1.99 weeks (95% CI [−2.24, −1.75]), an 11.5% decrease relative to the control-group mean of 17.3 weeks.\"\n  }\n]\n# Data provenance — F4-conf-02\n\nAll files under `data/sources/` are plain-text extracts of publicly accessible documents, prepared by the task designer on 2026-10-30 (UTC). Each extract begins with a provenance header (title, authors, bibliographic record, retrieval URL and UTC, SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML, license, list of included and omitted sections). Only the excerpts needed for the task are reproduced; everything else is omitted. Tables are rendered one row per line with ` | ` between cells; in regression tables, the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses as printed in the original.\n\n| file | document | retrieval UTC | license | SHA-256 of the extract |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| `sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` | Armendariz, A. (2026). Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland. arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | ee2d444d2f78f2af2ca2cf69b59a61fcd7ac5e10ea29e8ddcd67917bf07d6a8b |\n| `sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` | Li, H. H., Pearson-Merkowitz, S., & Yokum, D. (2026). Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes. arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | 27c463c0a144d9d5a3916dc641f15b6029f6c68b5e574ad9074e7df1aeb0a238 |\n\nTask-specific input files (prepared by the task designer, not observed data):\n\n- `assertions.json` — the six assertions to be checked (id, cited source id, text), written by the task designer\n\nRights: arXiv e-prints are reproduced in part under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence shown on their arXiv abstract pages. No numbers were altered; where a table was re-set for legibility (RESEA Tables 2-3, London Table 3 header) the extract header says so.\n     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2609.27732v1\n     2\tTitle: Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n     3\tAuthors: Ana Armendariz (University of St. Gallen)\n     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN], submitted 23 Sep 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1\n     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: 22b06050f4ff6e665aedd80561fa4031b1717867ecfeca71d1d2902ee1b09f52)\n     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n     7\tExtract contents: title, author, date and abstract; Section 6 'Results' in full (Figure notes, Table 6, Table 7, Section 6.1 'Mechanisms'); Appendix Table A19 with its note and the paragraph that discusses it.\n     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-5 and 7, the other appendix tables and figures, the references.\n     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n    10\t================================================================\n    11\t\n    12\t# Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n    13\t\n    14\tAna Armendariz*\n    15\t\n    16\tSeptember 23, 2026\n    17\t\n    18\tThis paper estimates the causal effect of drug consumption room (DCR) openings on drug-related hospitalizations in Switzerland. I exploit the staggered introduction of DCRs across Swiss cities between 1998 and 2022, using individual-level hospital records and a difference-in-differences estimator. DCR openings reduce drug-related hospitalization rates by roughly 35% within 5 km of a facility. The reduction is most pronounced for fatal outcomes, which fall by 35% while narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise by a comparable amount, consistent with DCRs converting potentially fatal overdoses into non-fatal hospitalizations. Mental and behavioral disorder hospitalizations decline by 32% while estimates for Hepatitis and HIV are imprecise. The findings support the role of DCRs as an effective harm reduction strategy.\n    19\t\n    20\tKeywords: Drug Consumption Rooms, Harm Reduction, Hospitalizations, Drugs, Public Health, Causal Inference\n    21\t\n    22\t## 6 Results\n    23\t\n    24\tThis section reports the effect of DCR openings on the rate of drug-related hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants. I begin with the event-study estimates and then present the overall pooled ATT. I then disaggregate the overall outcome into its sub-outcome categories and report the same estimates for each.\n    25\t\n    26\tFigure 6: Event study estimates by buffer zone, \\pm 5-year window\n    27\t\n    28\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust estimator of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) for regions within 5 km of a DCR opening. The comparison group consists of never-treated regions (608 control regions). The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a DCR that opened between 1998 and 2022 and all never-treated regions. The estimation uses a \\pm 5-year window relative to DCR opening, with t=-5 and t=+5 representing pooled endpoint bins that absorb all periods beyond the window. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded through out. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level. Results for the 1 km and 3 km buffer specifications are reported in Appendix Figure A17.\n    29\t\n    30\tFigure 6 presents the event study estimates for the 5 km buffer specifications. I focus on the 5 km buffer specification, as it includes the largest number of treated regions and yields the most precise estimates. I summarize dynamic effects over a symmetric five year window around DCR openings. This window avoids relying on distant leads and lags that are informed by only a small subset of adopters. Pre-treatment coefficients are small and statistically insignificant, supporting the parallel trends assumption. The post-treatment coefficients are consistently negative, indicating a reduction in drug-related hospitalizations following DCR openings. The estimates of the overall summary of ATTs based on calendar time aggregation of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) is around -35% reduction in hospitalizations due to drugs.\n    31\t\n    32\tTable 6: Overall Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT)\n    33\t\n    34\t| 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n    35\t\n    36\tATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n    37\t\n    38\t| (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\n    39\t\n    40\t% change | -32.9% | -24.7% | -35.0%\n    41\t\n    42\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n    43\t\n    44\tControl regions | 608 | 608 | 608\n    45\t\n    46\tObservations | 16,175 | 16,875 | 17,250\n    47\t\n    48\tNote: The table reports the overall ATT estimated using the doubly robust Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with never-treated controls and a universal base period. The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Columns differ in the geographic buffer used to define treated Medstat regions. The control group consists of 608 never-treated Medstat regions\n    49\tthroughout. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998\n    50\t(always-treated) are excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level in\n    51\tparentheses. Significance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 ,\n    52\t{}^{*}p<0.10 .\n    53\t\n    54\tTable 6 reports the pooled ATT for the 1 km, 3 km and 5 km buffer specification, aggregating the dynamic treatment effects into a single estimate averaged across all post-treatment periods and cohorts. The 5 km specification, yields an ATT of -0.431\n    55\tcorresponding to a 35% reduction in the drug-related hospitalization rate. This estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level. The 3 km and 1 km estimates point in the same direction but are less precise, due to the smaller number of treated regions.\n    56\t\n    57\tTo further explore the mechanisms through which DCR openings affect drug-related hospitalizations, I disaggregate the main outcome into five diagnostic\n    58\tsub-categories: (i) mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use, (ii) viral hepatitis, (iii) HIV, (iv) poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics, and (v) fatal drug-related hospitalizations. Accidental poisoning is excluded due to the very small number of cases.\n    59\t\n    60\tFigure 7: Event study: Sub-outcome estimates,\n    61\twithin 5 km, \\pm 5-year window\n    62\t\n    63\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator for four diagnostic sub-categories of drug-related hospitalizations. Each panel uses a separate y -axis to accommodate differences in scale across outcomes. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a\n    64\tDCR that opened between 1998 and 2022. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level.\n    65\t\n    66\tTable 7: Overall ATT by Outcome Category and Buffer Zone\n    67\t\n    68\tOutcome | 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n    69\t\n    70\tMental/Behavioral | -0.354 | -0.202 | -0.381*\n    71\t\n    72\t| (0.382) | (0.244) | (0.220)\n    73\t\n    74\tHepatitis | -0.270 | -0.413 | -0.406\n    75\t\n    76\t| (0.486) | (0.270) | (0.250)\n    77\t\n    78\tHIV | 0.063 | -0.239 | -0.340\n    79\t\n    80\t| (0.801) | (0.337) | (0.294)\n    81\t\n    82\tNarcotics | 1.186*** | 0.549*** | 0.390**\n    83\t\n    84\t| (0.288) | (0.187) | (0.165)\n    85\t\n    86\tDrug-related (fatal) | -1.207*** | -0.290 | -0.354**\n    87\t\n    88\t| (0.137) | (0.215) | (0.178)\n    89\t\n    90\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n    91\t\n    92\tControl regions | 608 (never-treated) | |\n    93\t\n    94\tNote: Each cell reports the overall ATT from\n    95\tthe doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with\n    96\tnever-treated controls and a universal base period. Outcomes are\n    97\tlog hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants. Sub-outcomes:\n    98\tmental and behavioral disorders (F11–F19), viral hepatitis (B15–B19),\n    99\tHIV disease (B20–B24), narcotics/psychodysleptics (T40). The 1 km\n   100\testimates are identified from a single treated region per cohort and\n   101\tshould be interpreted with caution. Regions near DCRs opened before\n   102\t1998 excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level.\n   103\tSignificance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 , {}^{*}p<0.10 .\n   104\t\n   105\tFigure 7 and Table 7 repeat the estimation for the five diagnostic categories. From Table 7, the ATT estimates for hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders are consistently negative and marginally significant at the 5 km buffer specification. Moreover, the estimates of hepatitis are also negative and of comparable magnitude but insignificant. However, the event-study path in Figure 7 shows a gradual decline that builds from year 3 onward, consistent with a slow-acting reduction in needle sharing. HIV estimates are insignificant and close to zero. Narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise after DCR opening and remain positive across all buffers. Lastly, fatal drug-related hospitalizations move in the opposite direction, falling after opening the DCR. The opposing patterns in narcotics and fatal hospitalizations suggest that DCRs convert events that would otherwise be fatal into survivable hospital contacts.\n   106\t\n   107\t### 6.1 Mechanisms\n   108\t\n   109\tThe sub-outcome results point to two channels through which DCRs reduce drug-related hospitalizations. The first is overdose supervision. DCRs provide a medically supervised environment where staff can control the dose consumed, perform resuscitation, and call emergency services when an overdose occurs. When supervision prevents a death that would otherwise happen outside a hospital, the consequence is a simultaneous decline in fatal drug-related hospitalizations and a rise in non-fatal poisoning contacts, as events that would have ended in death instead end in a hospital visit. The results are consistent with this prediction. Drug-related fatal hospitalizations fall near DCRs, by approximately 30% at 5 km, while narcotics and psychodysleptics hospitalizations rise by 47% at 5 km. The opposing signs and spatial concentration of these two effects are consistent with a\n   110\tsubstitution from out-of-hospital mortality to in-hospital survival. Since I cannot observe overdose events that do not result in a hospital contact, this interpretation is suggestive rather than identified, but it is consistent with the clinical evidence on DCR-based overdose reversals\n   111\t(Kerr et al., 2017; Hedrich, 2004).\n   112\t\n   113\tThe second channel is harm reduction for blood-borne diseases. DCRs distribute sterile injection equipment, which reduces needle sharing and the transmission of viral hepatitis and HIV. Unlike overdose prevention, these effects are expected to emerge slowly, since disease progression and hospitalization take years to follow from initial infection. The event-study path for hepatitis is consistent with this lag. The estimates are close to zero in the first two post-treatment years and become progressively more negative from year 3 onward, reaching approximately 40% below baseline by year 5. HIV estimates are near zero through out the analysis, with wide confidence intervals. A longer panel and additional out-patient data would be needed to determine whether these trends continue and to get more precise estimates.\n   114\t\n   115\tA third potential channel is referral to treatment and social services. DCRs routinely connect users to addiction treatment, primary care, and housing support, and a sustained reduction in hospitalizations could partly reflect better long-term management of drug dependence. The regional hospitalization panel used in this paper does not contain information on treatment entry or service use, so I cannot separate this channel from the two described above. It remains a plausible additional mechanism that future work with information on treatment take up data could examine.\n   116\t\n   117\tTable A19: Robustness: Overall ATT Across Estimators — 5 km buffer, \\pm 5-year window\n   118\t\n   119\t| CS-DR | Sun & Abraham | Synthetic DiD | Stacked DiD\n   120\t\n   121\tATT | -0.431** | -0.438** | -0.362* | -0.149***\n   122\t\n   123\t| (0.218) | (0.208) | (0.205) | (0.038)\n   124\t\n   125\t% change | -35.0% | -35.5% | -30.3% | -13.9%\n   126\t\n   127\tTreated regions | 50 | | |\n   128\t\n   129\tControl regions | 608 | | |\n   130\t\n   131\tObservations | 17,250 | | |\n   132\t\n   133\tNote: All specifications use the 5 km buffer,\n   134\tnever-treated comparison regions (640 regions), and a \\pm 5-year window\n     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2606.14621v1\n     2\tTitle: Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n     3\tAuthors: Harrison H. Li; Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz; David Yokum\n     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN], submitted 12 Jun 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1\n     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: f98fb1b39edd2107051cddf1da34aa8cf19e74e04d60bf9305a88cf966417da1)\n     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n     7\tExtract contents: title, authors and abstract; Section 3 'Results' (Table 2 with caption, the results paragraphs, Section 3.1 'Cost-benefit analysis'); from Section 4.1, Table 3 with its caption and the paragraph that discusses it.\n     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-2, Table 1, Section 3.2 (heterogeneous effects), the rest of Section 4, the references and the appendix.\n     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n    10\tEditorial note: Tables 2 and 3 were re-set in a one-row-per-outcome layout because the HTML rendering split each outcome over three rows and detached the p-values from their columns; the p-values and confidence intervals are attached to the column they belong to in the original (first p-value = treatment-control difference, second = average treatment effect).\n    11\t================================================================\n    12\t\n    13\t# Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n    14\t\n    15\tHarrison H. Li (Harvey Mudd College), Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz (University of Maryland, College Park), David Yokum (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)\n    16\t\n    17\t###### Abstract\n    18\t\n    19\tProlonged unemployment carries serious economic, health, and wellbeing costs. With federal support, most U.S. states now operate a Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) program to help Unemployment Insurance (UI) claimants return to work faster. We report results from a large (N = 23,549) preregistered randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating Rhode Island’s RESEA program from February 2022 to September 2023. We estimate that selection into the program increased annualized wages by $1,153, increased reemployment by 1.5 percentage points, and reduced UI duration by nearly two weeks. The vast majority of these wage and reemployment effects appeared within two quarters of claimants’ first pay dates and persisted through at least the following year, and we estimate that each dollar spent on the program saved the state $2.64. Using causal forests, a machine learning technique for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE), we also conduct an exploratory analysis to investigate if there are differential effects of selection into the RESEA program. We find that all participants experienced positive wage benefits from RESEA selection, with particularly large effects for older and lower-income workers. Finally, we improve upon prior RESEA evaluations by explicitly controlling for the week of treatment assignment — a methodological refinement absent from several existing RCTs of job-training programs that is important to eliminate confounding bias. We also discuss ways to harvest precision gains from baseline covariate adjustment without introducing large-sample bias.\n    20\t\n    21\t## 3 Results\n    22\t\n    23\t[Table 1 (pre-treatment characteristics) omitted from this extract.]\n    24\t\n    25\t[Table 2 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering, in which each outcome occupied three table rows; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate]\n    26\t\n    27\tOutcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate\n    28\tWage | $33,073 (SD: 36,749) | $33,043 (SD: 36,231) | $29; p=0.95; 95% CI: [-903, 962] | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141]\n    29\tReemployment | 75.2% | 75.0% | 0.26 pp; p=0.64; 95% CI: [-0.84, 1.37] | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]\n    30\tWeeks on UI | 15.2 weeks (SD: 9.3) | 17.3 weeks (SD: 9.4) | -2.10 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.34, -1.86] | -1.99 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75]\n    31\tShort-term wage | $23,776 (SD: 31,948) | $23,897 (SD: 32,293) | -$121; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-941, 700] | $1,195; p=0.007; 95% CI: [326, 2,064]\n    32\tShort-term reemployment | 61.4% | 61.6% | -0.18 pp; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-1.43, 1.06] | 1.66 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]\n    33\tShort-term weeks on UI | 14.2 weeks (SD: 8.4) | 15.9 weeks (SD: 8.3) | -1.70 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.92, -1.49] | -1.77 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.99, -1.55]\n    34\t\n    35\tTable 2: The average values of our long-term and short-term outcomes for the aggregate treatment and control groups in the study cohort, along with information about the differences in these averages between the treatment and control groups and our average treatment effect estimates. For the average outcomes, standard deviations are given in parentheses for the quantitative outcomes (wage and weeks on UI). For the treatment-control differences and the average treatment effect estimates, we provide two-sided p -values and 95% confidence intervals based on Welch’s two-sample t -test and the methodology described in the main text, respectively. The two rightmost columns illustrate how direct comparisons of outcome averages between the aggregate treatment and control groups can lead to significantly biased causal conclusions.\n    36\t\n    37\tOverall, we find that RESEA selection led to a statistically significant improvement in all three of the preregistered outcomes. RESEA selection led to a wage outcome that was $1,153 higher annually (95% CI: [$166, $2,141]; p=0.022 ), a 3.5% increase relative to the mean wage outcome of $33,043 in the control group (Table 2). There was also an estimated 1.47 percentage point increase in reemployment (95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]; p=0.013 ) and a 1.99 week reduction in the number of weeks on UI (95% CI: [1.75 weeks, 2.24 weeks]; p<0.001 ) due to RESEA selection. The latter is an 11.5% decrease compared to the mean control group weeks on UI outcome of 17.3 weeks. All three of these results remain statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing using Holm’s method to keep the familywise error rate below 5 percent.\n    38\t\n    39\tThe results for the short-term outcomes are substantively similar to those for the longer-term outcomes (Table 2). We estimate RESEA selection leads to a short-term wage outcome that is $1,195 higher (95% CI: [$326, $2,064]; p = 0.007) on an annualized basis and a 1.66 percentage point higher rate of short-term reemployment (95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]; p = 0.012). Given that the magnitudes of these causal estimates are very similar to those for the corresponding long-term outcomes, this suggests that the full impact of RESEA selection on wages and reemployment appears quickly by the second quarter after randomization, and persists for at least five quarters. We also find that those selected for RESEA spend 1.77 fewer weeks on UI in the benefit year of their claim (95% CI: [1.55 weeks, 1.99 weeks]; p ¡ 0.001). As this is a bit smaller than the effect size of 1.99 weeks estimated for the long term weeks on UI outcome, which includes an additional 26 weeks beyond the benefit year, we see some directional evidence that RESEA selection may also reduce the time spent on UI in the following year, suggesting that it may be helping claimants find employment that lasts longer, thereby reducing repetitive use of UI benefits.\n    40\t\n    41\tAs noted earlier, wages and reemployment are artificially zero-inflated due to missing out-of-state wage data. The Rhode Island job market is tightly integrated with those of the neighboring states of Massachusetts and Connecticut; the 2016-2020 5-Year American Community Survey found that nearly 16 percent of Rhode Island workers 16 years and older commuted out of state, mainly to Massachusetts. We note, however, that this missingness should not affect the directional validity of our causal analysis. This is because randomization ensures that this missingness is balanced between the treatment and control groups (within each block), unless RESEA selection itself differentially helps or hinders finding employment out of state or self-employment. To investigate this, we examined the presence of individuals who failed to exhaust their UI benefits in the benefit year of their claim while having $0 in reported RI wages for all of the five complete quarters after randomization. There were 3,325 claimants falling into this group, including 1,618 individuals (13.7%) in the aggregate control group and 1,707 individuals (14.6%) in the aggregate treatment group. After controlling for randomization week, this difference in proportions was not significant ( p = 0.55). The lack of statistical significance on this test with our large sample size along with the fact that the Rhode Island job database focuses overwhelmingly on jobs offered by Rhode Island employers suggests that RESEA selection does not differentially assist in finding out-of-state employment or self-employment.\n    42\t\n    43\t### 3.1 Cost-benefit analysis\n    44\t\n    45\tWe find that the decrease in time spent drawing UI benefits due to RESEA selection corresponds to a considerable cost savings to the state from paying out a smaller amount of UI benefits. We estimate that the average individual selected for RESEA during the study period drew $676 less (95% CI: [$563, $789], p<0.001 ) in UI benefits during the same benefit year of their claim than they would have if they were not selected for RESEA. This is a 9.9 percent reduction relative to the control group average of $6,839 in UI benefits drawn during the benefit year of the claim. Multiplying the estimate by the total number of individuals selected for RESEA in the study ( n=11,700 ) suggests that as a result of the program, the state paid out about $7.9 million fewer in UI benefits to claimants randomized during the study period over the same benefit year as their UI claims. This is much higher than the total expenditures of $2.99 million for the RESEA program over the study period, representing $2.64 in savings for the state budget for every $1 spent on the program.\n    46\t\n    47\t### 4.1 Methodological lessons (excerpt)\n    48\t\n    49\t[Table 3 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression]\n    50\t\n    51\tOutcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression\n    52\tWage | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141] | $1,137; p=0.014; 95% CI: [228, 2,047] | $1,100; p=0.027; 95% CI: [127, 2,073]\n    53\tReemployment | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62] | 1.48 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.63] | 1.49 pp; p=0.011; 95% CI: [0.34, 2.64]\n    54\tWeeks on UI | -1.99 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75] | -1.93 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.18, -1.68] | -1.97 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.22, -1.72]\n    55\t\n    56\tTable 3: A comparison of the ITT estimates, two-sided p -values, and 95% confidence intervals for our primary outcomes from three different methodologies: the preregistered analysis based on eq. (1), the covariate adjusted analysis based on eq. (2), and the fixed effects regression in eq. (3). The leftmost column based on the preregistered analysis duplicates the rightmost column in Table 2 for ease of comparison.\n    57\t\n    58\tIf we directly compared treatment group and control group outcome averages without accounting for the week of randomization, the results would suggest RESEA selection had no detectable average effect on the wage and reemployment outcomes (column 4, Table 2). However, such an analysis is potentially biased under the experimental design because it does not respect the blocked randomization, which makes the week of randomization a known confounder. For example, weeks with a larger number of UI applicants, which had a higher proportion of control group individuals, tended to have lower-earning applicants (Fig. 7), thereby inflating the average wage outcome in the control group relative to the treatment group. This is critical because out of the thirteen publically available studies of RESEA-related employment assistance programs rated by CLEAR as having high causal evidence, six used block randomization like we do, yet only two of these (Black, Smith, Berger, & Noel., 2002; Klerman et al., 2019) properly adjusted for the block. 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(2026). Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland. arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | ee2d444d2f78f2af2ca2cf69b59a61fcd7ac5e10ea29e8ddcd67917bf07d6a8b |\n40\t| `sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` | Li, H. H., Pearson-Merkowitz, S., & Yokum, D. (2026). Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes. arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | 27c463c0a144d9d5a3916dc641f15b6029f6c68b5e574ad9074e7df1aeb0a238 |\n41\t\n42\tTask-specific input files (prepared by the task designer, not observed data):\n43\t\n44\t- `assertions.json` — the six assertions to be checked (id, cited source id, text), written by the task designer\n45\t\n46\tRights: arXiv e-prints are reproduced in part under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence shown on their arXiv abstract pages. No numbers were altered; where a table was re-set for legibility (RESEA Tables 2-3, London Table 3 header) the extract header says so.\n47\t     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2609.27732v1\n48\t     2\tTitle: Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n49\t     3\tAuthors: Ana Armendariz (University of St. Gallen)\n50\t     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN], submitted 23 Sep 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1\n51\t     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: 22b06050f4ff6e665aedd80561fa4031b1717867ecfeca71d1d2902ee1b09f52)\n52\t     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n53\t     7\tExtract contents: title, author, date and abstract; Section 6 'Results' in full (Figure notes, Table 6, Table 7, Section 6.1 'Mechanisms'); Appendix Table A19 with its note and the paragraph that discusses it.\n54\t     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-5 and 7, the other appendix tables and figures, the references.\n55\t     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n56\t    10\t================================================================\n57\t    11\t\n58\t    12\t# Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n59\t    13\t\n60\t    14\tAna Armendariz*\n61\t    15\t\n62\t    16\tSeptember 23, 2026\n63\t    17\t\n64\t    18\tThis paper estimates the causal effect of drug consumption room (DCR) openings on drug-related hospitalizations in Switzerland. I exploit the staggered introduction of DCRs across Swiss cities between 1998 and 2022, using individual-level hospital records and a difference-in-differences estimator. DCR openings reduce drug-related hospitalization rates by roughly 35% within 5 km of a facility. The reduction is most pronounced for fatal outcomes, which fall by 35% while narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise by a comparable amount, consistent with DCRs converting potentially fatal overdoses into non-fatal hospitalizations. Mental and behavioral disorder hospitalizations decline by 32% while estimates for Hepatitis and HIV are imprecise. The findings support the role of DCRs as an effective harm reduction strategy.\n65\t    19\t\n66\t    20\tKeywords: Drug Consumption Rooms, Harm Reduction, Hospitalizations, Drugs, Public Health, Causal Inference\n67\t    21\t\n68\t    22\t## 6 Results\n69\t    23\t\n70\t    24\tThis section reports the effect of DCR openings on the rate of drug-related hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants. I begin with the event-study estimates and then present the overall pooled ATT. I then disaggregate the overall outcome into its sub-outcome categories and report the same estimates for each.\n71\t    25\t\n72\t    26\tFigure 6: Event study estimates by buffer zone, \\pm 5-year window\n73\t    27\t\n74\t    28\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust estimator of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) for regions within 5 km of a DCR opening. The comparison group consists of never-treated regions (608 control regions). The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a DCR that opened between 1998 and 2022 and all never-treated regions. The estimation uses a \\pm 5-year window relative to DCR opening, with t=-5 and t=+5 representing pooled endpoint bins that absorb all periods beyond the window. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded through out. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level. Results for the 1 km and 3 km buffer specifications are reported in Appendix Figure A17.\n75\t    29\t\n76\t    30\tFigure 6 presents the event study estimates for the 5 km buffer specifications. I focus on the 5 km buffer specification, as it includes the largest number of treated regions and yields the most precise estimates. I summarize dynamic effects over a symmetric five year window around DCR openings. This window avoids relying on distant leads and lags that are informed by only a small subset of adopters. Pre-treatment coefficients are small and statistically insignificant, supporting the parallel trends assumption. The post-treatment coefficients are consistently negative, indicating a reduction in drug-related hospitalizations following DCR openings. The estimates of the overall summary of ATTs based on calendar time aggregation of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) is around -35% reduction in hospitalizations due to drugs.\n77\t    31\t\n78\t    32\tTable 6: Overall Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT)\n79\t    33\t\n80\t    34\t| 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n81\t    35\t\n82\t    36\tATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n83\t    37\t\n84\t    38\t| (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\n85\t    39\t\n86\t    40\t% change | -32.9% | -24.7% | -35.0%\n87\t    41\t\n88\t    42\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n89\t    43\t\n90\t    44\tControl regions | 608 | 608 | 608\n91\t    45\t\n92\t    46\tObservations | 16,175 | 16,875 | 17,250\n93\t    47\t\n94\t    48\tNote: The table reports the overall ATT estimated using the doubly robust Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with never-treated controls and a universal base period. The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Columns differ in the geographic buffer used to define treated Medstat regions. The control group consists of 608 never-treated Medstat regions\n95\t    49\tthroughout. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998\n96\t    50\t(always-treated) are excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level in\n97\t    51\tparentheses. Significance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 ,\n98\t    52\t{}^{*}p<0.10 .\n99\t    53\t\n100\t    54\tTable 6 reports the pooled ATT for the 1 km, 3 km and 5 km buffer specification, aggregating the dynamic treatment effects into a single estimate averaged across all post-treatment periods and cohorts. The 5 km specification, yields an ATT of -0.431\n101\t    55\tcorresponding to a 35% reduction in the drug-related hospitalization rate. This estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level. The 3 km and 1 km estimates point in the same direction but are less precise, due to the smaller number of treated regions.\n102\t    56\t\n103\t    57\tTo further explore the mechanisms through which DCR openings affect drug-related hospitalizations, I disaggregate the main outcome into five diagnostic\n104\t    58\tsub-categories: (i) mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use, (ii) viral hepatitis, (iii) HIV, (iv) poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics, and (v) fatal drug-related hospitalizations. Accidental poisoning is excluded due to the very small number of cases.\n105\t    59\t\n106\t    60\tFigure 7: Event study: Sub-outcome estimates,\n107\t    61\twithin 5 km, \\pm 5-year window\n108\t    62\t\n109\t    63\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator for four diagnostic sub-categories of drug-related hospitalizations. Each panel uses a separate y -axis to accommodate differences in scale across outcomes. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a\n110\t    64\tDCR that opened between 1998 and 2022. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level.\n111\t    65\t\n112\t    66\tTable 7: Overall ATT by Outcome Category and Buffer Zone\n113\t    67\t\n114\t    68\tOutcome | 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n115\t    69\t\n116\t    70\tMental/Behavioral | -0.354 | -0.202 | -0.381*\n117\t    71\t\n118\t    72\t| (0.382) | (0.244) | (0.220)\n119\t    73\t\n120\t    74\tHepatitis | -0.270 | -0.413 | -0.406\n121\t    75\t\n122\t    76\t| (0.486) | (0.270) | (0.250)\n123\t    77\t\n124\t    78\tHIV | 0.063 | -0.239 | -0.340\n125\t    79\t\n126\t    80\t| (0.801) | (0.337) | (0.294)\n127\t    81\t\n128\t    82\tNarcotics | 1.186*** | 0.549*** | 0.390**\n129\t    83\t\n130\t    84\t| (0.288) | (0.187) | (0.165)\n131\t    85\t\n132\t    86\tDrug-related (fatal) | -1.207*** | -0.290 | -0.354**\n133\t    87\t\n134\t    88\t| (0.137) | (0.215) | (0.178)\n135\t    89\t\n136\t    90\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n137\t    91\t\n138\t    92\tControl regions | 608 (never-treated) | |\n139\t    93\t\n140\t    94\tNote: Each cell reports the overall ATT from\n141\t    95\tthe doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with\n142\t    96\tnever-treated controls and a universal base period. Outcomes are\n143\t    97\tlog hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants. Sub-outcomes:\n144\t    98\tmental and behavioral disorders (F11–F19), viral hepatitis (B15–B19),\n145\t    99\tHIV disease (B20–B24), narcotics/psychodysleptics (T40). The 1 km\n146\t   100\testimates are identified from a single treated region per cohort and\n147\t   101\tshould be interpreted with caution. Regions near DCRs opened before\n148\t   102\t1998 excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level.\n149\t   103\tSignificance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 , {}^{*}p<0.10 .\n150\t   104\t\n151\t   105\tFigure 7 and Table 7 repeat the estimation for the five diagnostic categories. From Table 7, the ATT estimates for hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders are consistently negative and marginally significant at the 5 km buffer specification. Moreover, the estimates of hepatitis are also negative and of comparable magnitude but insignificant. However, the event-study path in Figure 7 shows a gradual decline that builds from year 3 onward, consistent with a slow-acting reduction in needle sharing. HIV estimates are insignificant and close to zero. Narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise after DCR opening and remain positive across all buffers. Lastly, fatal drug-related hospitalizations move in the opposite direction, falling after opening the DCR. The opposing patterns in narcotics and fatal hospitalizations suggest that DCRs convert events that would otherwise be fatal into survivable hospital contacts.\n152\t   106\t\n153\t   107\t### 6.1 Mechanisms\n154\t   108\t\n155\t   109\tThe sub-outcome results point to two channels through which DCRs reduce drug-related hospitalizations. The first is overdose supervision. DCRs provide a medically supervised environment where staff can control the dose consumed, perform resuscitation, and call emergency services when an overdose occurs. When supervision prevents a death that would otherwise happen outside a hospital, the consequence is a simultaneous decline in fatal drug-related hospitalizations and a rise in non-fatal poisoning contacts, as events that would have ended in death instead end in a hospital visit. The results are consistent with this prediction. Drug-related fatal hospitalizations fall near DCRs, by approximately 30% at 5 km, while narcotics and psychodysleptics hospitalizations rise by 47% at 5 km. The opposing signs and spatial concentration of these two effects are consistent with a\n156\t   110\tsubstitution from out-of-hospital mortality to in-hospital survival. Since I cannot observe overdose events that do not result in a hospital contact, this interpretation is suggestive rather than identified, but it is consistent with the clinical evidence on DCR-based overdose reversals\n157\t   111\t(Kerr et al., 2017; Hedrich, 2004).\n158\t   112\t\n159\t   113\tThe second channel is harm reduction for blood-borne diseases. DCRs distribute sterile injection equipment, which reduces needle sharing and the transmission of viral hepatitis and HIV. Unlike overdose prevention, these effects are expected to emerge slowly, since disease progression and hospitalization take years to follow from initial infection. The event-study path for hepatitis is consistent with this lag. The estimates are close to zero in the first two post-treatment years and become progressively more negative from year 3 onward, reaching approximately 40% below baseline by year 5. HIV estimates are near zero through out the analysis, with wide confidence intervals. A longer panel and additional out-patient data would be needed to determine whether these trends continue and to get more precise estimates.\n160\t   114\t\n161\t   115\tA third potential channel is referral to treatment and social services. DCRs routinely connect users to addiction treatment, primary care, and housing support, and a sustained reduction in hospitalizations could partly reflect better long-term management of drug dependence. The regional hospitalization panel used in this paper does not contain information on treatment entry or service use, so I cannot separate this channel from the two described above. It remains a plausible additional mechanism that future work with information on treatment take up data could examine.\n162\t   116\t\n163\t   117\tTable A19: Robustness: Overall ATT Across Estimators — 5 km buffer, \\pm 5-year window\n164\t   118\t\n165\t   119\t| CS-DR | Sun & Abraham | Synthetic DiD | Stacked DiD\n166\t   120\t\n167\t   121\tATT | -0.431** | -0.438** | -0.362* | -0.149***\n168\t   122\t\n169\t   123\t| (0.218) | (0.208) | (0.205) | (0.038)\n170\t   124\t\n171\t   125\t% change | -35.0% | -35.5% | -30.3% | -13.9%\n172\t   126\t\n173\t   127\tTreated regions | 50 | | |\n174\t   128\t\n175\t   129\tControl regions | 608 | | |\n176\t   130\t\n177\t   131\tObservations | 17,250 | | |\n178\t   132\t\n179\t   133\tNote: All specifications use the 5 km buffer,\n180\t   134\tnever-treated comparison regions (640 regions), and a \\pm 5-year window\n181\t     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2606.14621v1\n182\t     2\tTitle: Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n183\t     3\tAuthors: Harrison H. Li; Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz; David Yokum\n184\t     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN], submitted 12 Jun 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1\n185\t     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: f98fb1b39edd2107051cddf1da34aa8cf19e74e04d60bf9305a88cf966417da1)\n186\t     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n187\t     7\tExtract contents: title, authors and abstract; Section 3 'Results' (Table 2 with caption, the results paragraphs, Section 3.1 'Cost-benefit analysis'); from Section 4.1, Table 3 with its caption and the paragraph that discusses it.\n188\t     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-2, Table 1, Section 3.2 (heterogeneous effects), the rest of Section 4, the references and the appendix.\n189\t     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n190\t    10\tEditorial note: Tables 2 and 3 were re-set in a one-row-per-outcome layout because the HTML rendering split each outcome over three rows and detached the p-values from their columns; the p-values and confidence intervals are attached to the column they belong to in the original (first p-value = treatment-control difference, second = average treatment effect).\n191\t    11\t================================================================\n192\t    12\t\n193\t    13\t# Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n194\t    14\t\n195\t    15\tHarrison H. Li (Harvey Mudd College), Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz (University of Maryland, College Park), David Yokum (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)\n196\t    16\t\n197\t    17\t###### Abstract\n198\t    18\t\n199\t    19\tProlonged unemployment carries serious economic, health, and wellbeing costs. With federal support, most U.S. states now operate a Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) program to help Unemployment Insurance (UI) claimants return to work faster. We report results from a large (N = 23,549) preregistered randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating Rhode Island’s RESEA program from February 2022 to September 2023. We estimate that selection into the program increased annualized wages by $1,153, increased reemployment by 1.5 percentage points, and reduced UI duration by nearly two weeks. The vast majority of these wage and reemployment effects appeared within two quarters of claimants’ first pay dates and persisted through at least the following year, and we estimate that each dollar spent on the program saved the state $2.64. Using causal forests, a machine learning technique for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE), we also conduct an exploratory analysis to investigate if there are differential effects of selection into the RESEA program. We find that all participants experienced positive wage benefits from RESEA selection, with particularly large effects for older and lower-income workers. Finally, we improve upon prior RESEA evaluations by explicitly controlling for the week of treatment assignment — a methodological refinement absent from several existing RCTs of job-training programs that is important to eliminate confounding bias. We also discuss ways to harvest precision gains from baseline covariate adjustment without introducing large-sample bias.\n200\t    20\t\n201\t    21\t## 3 Results\n202\t    22\t\n203\t    23\t[Table 1 (pre-treatment characteristics) omitted from this extract.]\n204\t    24\t\n205\t    25\t[Table 2 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering, in which each outcome occupied three table rows; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate]\n206\t    26\t\n207\t    27\tOutcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate\n208\t    28\tWage | $33,073 (SD: 36,749) | $33,043 (SD: 36,231) | $29; p=0.95; 95% CI: [-903, 962] | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141]\n209\t    29\tReemployment | 75.2% | 75.0% | 0.26 pp; p=0.64; 95% CI: [-0.84, 1.37] | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]\n210\t    30\tWeeks on UI | 15.2 weeks (SD: 9.3) | 17.3 weeks (SD: 9.4) | -2.10 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.34, -1.86] | -1.99 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75]\n211\t    31\tShort-term wage | $23,776 (SD: 31,948) | $23,897 (SD: 32,293) | -$121; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-941, 700] | $1,195; p=0.007; 95% CI: [326, 2,064]\n212\t    32\tShort-term reemployment | 61.4% | 61.6% | -0.18 pp; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-1.43, 1.06] | 1.66 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]\n213\t    33\tShort-term weeks on UI | 14.2 weeks (SD: 8.4) | 15.9 weeks (SD: 8.3) | -1.70 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.92, -1.49] | -1.77 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.99, -1.55]\n214\t    34\t\n215\t    35\tTable 2: The average values of our long-term and short-term outcomes for the aggregate treatment and control groups in the study cohort, along with information about the differences in these averages between the treatment and control groups and our average treatment effect estimates. For the average outcomes, standard deviations are given in parentheses for the quantitative outcomes (wage and weeks on UI). For the treatment-control differences and the average treatment effect estimates, we provide two-sided p -values and 95% confidence intervals based on Welch’s two-sample t -test and the methodology described in the main text, respectively. The two rightmost columns illustrate how direct comparisons of outcome averages between the aggregate treatment and control groups can lead to significantly biased causal conclusions.\n216\t    36\t\n217\t    37\tOverall, we find that RESEA selection led to a statistically significant improvement in all three of the preregistered outcomes. RESEA selection led to a wage outcome that was $1,153 higher annually (95% CI: [$166, $2,141]; p=0.022 ), a 3.5% increase relative to the mean wage outcome of $33,043 in the control group (Table 2). There was also an estimated 1.47 percentage point increase in reemployment (95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]; p=0.013 ) and a 1.99 week reduction in the number of weeks on UI (95% CI: [1.75 weeks, 2.24 weeks]; p<0.001 ) due to RESEA selection. The latter is an 11.5% decrease compared to the mean control group weeks on UI outcome of 17.3 weeks. All three of these results remain statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing using Holm’s method to keep the familywise error rate below 5 percent.\n218\t    38\t\n219\t    39\tThe results for the short-term outcomes are substantively similar to those for the longer-term outcomes (Table 2). We estimate RESEA selection leads to a short-term wage outcome that is $1,195 higher (95% CI: [$326, $2,064]; p = 0.007) on an annualized basis and a 1.66 percentage point higher rate of short-term reemployment (95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]; p = 0.012). Given that the magnitudes of these causal estimates are very similar to those for the corresponding long-term outcomes, this suggests that the full impact of RESEA selection on wages and reemployment appears quickly by the second quarter after randomization, and persists for at least five quarters. We also find that those selected for RESEA spend 1.77 fewer weeks on UI in the benefit year of their claim (95% CI: [1.55 weeks, 1.99 weeks]; p ¡ 0.001). As this is a bit smaller than the effect size of 1.99 weeks estimated for the long term weeks on UI outcome, which includes an additional 26 weeks beyond the benefit year, we see some directional evidence that RESEA selection may also reduce the time spent on UI in the following year, suggesting that it may be helping claimants find employment that lasts longer, thereby reducing repetitive use of UI benefits.\n220\t    40\t\n221\t    41\tAs noted earlier, wages and reemployment are artificially zero-inflated due to missing out-of-state wage data. The Rhode Island job market is tightly integrated with those of the neighboring states of Massachusetts and Connecticut; the 2016-2020 5-Year American Community Survey found that nearly 16 percent of Rhode Island workers 16 years and older commuted out of state, mainly to Massachusetts. We note, however, that this missingness should not affect the directional validity of our causal analysis. This is because randomization ensures that this missingness is balanced between the treatment and control groups (within each block), unless RESEA selection itself differentially helps or hinders finding employment out of state or self-employment. To investigate this, we examined the presence of individuals who failed to exhaust their UI benefits in the benefit year of their claim while having $0 in reported RI wages for all of the five complete quarters after randomization. There were 3,325 claimants falling into this group, including 1,618 individuals (13.7%) in the aggregate control group and 1,707 individuals (14.6%) in the aggregate treatment group. After controlling for randomization week, this difference in proportions was not significant ( p = 0.55). The lack of statistical significance on this test with our large sample size along with the fact that the Rhode Island job database focuses overwhelmingly on jobs offered by Rhode Island employers suggests that RESEA selection does not differentially assist in finding out-of-state employment or self-employment.\n222\t    42\t\n223\t    43\t### 3.1 Cost-benefit analysis\n224\t    44\t\n225\t    45\tWe find that the decrease in time spent drawing UI benefits due to RESEA selection corresponds to a considerable cost savings to the state from paying out a smaller amount of UI benefits. We estimate that the average individual selected for RESEA during the study period drew $676 less (95% CI: [$563, $789], p<0.001 ) in UI benefits during the same benefit year of their claim than they would have if they were not selected for RESEA. This is a 9.9 percent reduction relative to the control group average of $6,839 in UI benefits drawn during the benefit year of the claim. Multiplying the estimate by the total number of individuals selected for RESEA in the study ( n=11,700 ) suggests that as a result of the program, the state paid out about $7.9 million fewer in UI benefits to claimants randomized during the study period over the same benefit year as their UI claims. This is much higher than the total expenditures of $2.99 million for the RESEA program over the study period, representing $2.64 in savings for the state budget for every $1 spent on the program.\n226\t    46\t\n227\t    47\t### 4.1 Methodological lessons (excerpt)\n228\t    48\t\n229\t    49\t[Table 3 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression]\n230\t    50\t\n231\t    51\tOutcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression\n232\t    52\tWage | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141] | $1,137; p=0.014; 95% CI: [228, 2,047] | $1,100; p=0.027; 95% CI: [127, 2,073]\n233\t    53\tReemployment | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62] | 1.48 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.63] | 1.49 pp; p=0.011; 95% CI: [0.34, 2.64]\n234\t    54\tWeeks on UI | -1.99 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75] | -1.93 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.18, -1.68] | -1.97 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.22, -1.72]\n235\t    55\t\n236\t    56\tTable 3: A comparison of the ITT estimates, two-sided p -values, and 95% confidence intervals for our primary outcomes from three different methodologies: the preregistered analysis based on eq. (1), the covariate adjusted analysis based on eq. (2), and the fixed effects regression in eq. (3). The leftmost column based on the preregistered analysis duplicates the rightmost column in Table 2 for ease of comparison.\n237\t    57\t\n238\t    58\tIf we directly compared treatment group and control group outcome averages without accounting for the week of randomization, the results would suggest RESEA selection had no detectable average effect on the wage and reemployment outcomes (column 4, Table 2). However, such an analysis is potentially biased under the experimental design because it does not respect the blocked randomization, which makes the week of randomization a known confounder. For example, weeks with a larger number of UI applicants, which had a higher proportion of control group individuals, tended to have lower-earning applicants (Fig. 7), thereby inflating the average wage outcome in the control group relative to the treatment group. This is critical because out of the thirteen publically available studies of RESEA-related employment assistance programs rated by CLEAR as having high causal evidence, six used block randomization like we do, yet only two of these (Black, Smith, Berger, & Noel., 2002; Klerman et al., 2019) properly adjusted for the block. Three others among these six studies used regression or matching methods in an attempt to control for observed demographic variables but not the block (Poe-Yamagata et al., 2011; Michaelides et al., 2012; Manoli et al., 2018), while the remaining study (Michaelides & Mueser, 2018) fit a linear regression model with the block indicators as fixed effects, as did two other more recent evaluations in Nevada (Michaelides & Mian, 2021; Brigandi et al., 2024) . These fixed effects regressions amount to estimating the coefficient in the regression model\n239\t      32 data/assertions.json\n240\t      14 data/README.md\n241\t      58 data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt\n242\t     134 data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt\n243\t     238 total\n244\t27c463c0a144d9d5a3916dc641f15b6029f6c68b5e574ad9074e7df1aeb0a238  arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt\n245\tee2d444d2f78f2af2ca2cf69b59a61fcd7ac5e10ea29e8ddcd67917bf07d6a8b  arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt\n246\t"}]},"uuid":"b419daee-55f8-46e0-a3d0-60fca0b4e882","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:32:47.830Z","toolUseResult":{"type":"text","file":{"filePath":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/.claude/projects/-Users-simon-pierreboucher-wp29-runs-RA0008/5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776/tool-results/bby9ke6f3.txt","content":"|---|---|---|---|---|\n| `sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` | Armendariz, A. (2026). Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland. arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | ee2d444d2f78f2af2ca2cf69b59a61fcd7ac5e10ea29e8ddcd67917bf07d6a8b |\n| `sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` | Li, H. H., Pearson-Merkowitz, S., & Yokum, D. (2026). Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes. arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1 (full text: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1) | 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z | CC BY 4.0 | 27c463c0a144d9d5a3916dc641f15b6029f6c68b5e574ad9074e7df1aeb0a238 |\n\nTask-specific input files (prepared by the task designer, not observed data):\n\n- `assertions.json` — the six assertions to be checked (id, cited source id, text), written by the task designer\n\nRights: arXiv e-prints are reproduced in part under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence shown on their arXiv abstract pages. No numbers were altered; where a table was re-set for legibility (RESEA Tables 2-3, London Table 3 header) the extract header says so.\n     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2609.27732v1\n     2\tTitle: Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n     3\tAuthors: Ana Armendariz (University of St. Gallen)\n     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2609.27732v1 [econ.GN], submitted 23 Sep 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27732v1\n     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2609.27732v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: 22b06050f4ff6e665aedd80561fa4031b1717867ecfeca71d1d2902ee1b09f52)\n     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n     7\tExtract contents: title, author, date and abstract; Section 6 'Results' in full (Figure notes, Table 6, Table 7, Section 6.1 'Mechanisms'); Appendix Table A19 with its note and the paragraph that discusses it.\n     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-5 and 7, the other appendix tables and figures, the references.\n     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n    10\t================================================================\n    11\t\n    12\t# Do Drug Consumption Rooms Reduce Drug-Related Hospitalizations? Evidence from Switzerland\n    13\t\n    14\tAna Armendariz*\n    15\t\n    16\tSeptember 23, 2026\n    17\t\n    18\tThis paper estimates the causal effect of drug consumption room (DCR) openings on drug-related hospitalizations in Switzerland. I exploit the staggered introduction of DCRs across Swiss cities between 1998 and 2022, using individual-level hospital records and a difference-in-differences estimator. DCR openings reduce drug-related hospitalization rates by roughly 35% within 5 km of a facility. The reduction is most pronounced for fatal outcomes, which fall by 35% while narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise by a comparable amount, consistent with DCRs converting potentially fatal overdoses into non-fatal hospitalizations. Mental and behavioral disorder hospitalizations decline by 32% while estimates for Hepatitis and HIV are imprecise. The findings support the role of DCRs as an effective harm reduction strategy.\n    19\t\n    20\tKeywords: Drug Consumption Rooms, Harm Reduction, Hospitalizations, Drugs, Public Health, Causal Inference\n    21\t\n    22\t## 6 Results\n    23\t\n    24\tThis section reports the effect of DCR openings on the rate of drug-related hospitalizations per 100,000 inhabitants. I begin with the event-study estimates and then present the overall pooled ATT. I then disaggregate the overall outcome into its sub-outcome categories and report the same estimates for each.\n    25\t\n    26\tFigure 6: Event study estimates by buffer zone, \\pm 5-year window\n    27\t\n    28\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust estimator of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) for regions within 5 km of a DCR opening. The comparison group consists of never-treated regions (608 control regions). The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a DCR that opened between 1998 and 2022 and all never-treated regions. The estimation uses a \\pm 5-year window relative to DCR opening, with t=-5 and t=+5 representing pooled endpoint bins that absorb all periods beyond the window. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded through out. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level. Results for the 1 km and 3 km buffer specifications are reported in Appendix Figure A17.\n    29\t\n    30\tFigure 6 presents the event study estimates for the 5 km buffer specifications. I focus on the 5 km buffer specification, as it includes the largest number of treated regions and yields the most precise estimates. I summarize dynamic effects over a symmetric five year window around DCR openings. This window avoids relying on distant leads and lags that are informed by only a small subset of adopters. Pre-treatment coefficients are small and statistically insignificant, supporting the parallel trends assumption. The post-treatment coefficients are consistently negative, indicating a reduction in drug-related hospitalizations following DCR openings. The estimates of the overall summary of ATTs based on calendar time aggregation of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) is around -35% reduction in hospitalizations due to drugs.\n    31\t\n    32\tTable 6: Overall Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT)\n    33\t\n    34\t| 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n    35\t\n    36\tATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n    37\t\n    38\t| (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\n    39\t\n    40\t% change | -32.9% | -24.7% | -35.0%\n    41\t\n    42\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n    43\t\n    44\tControl regions | 608 | 608 | 608\n    45\t\n    46\tObservations | 16,175 | 16,875 | 17,250\n    47\t\n    48\tNote: The table reports the overall ATT estimated using the doubly robust Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with never-treated controls and a universal base period. The outcome is the log drug-related hospitalization rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Columns differ in the geographic buffer used to define treated Medstat regions. The control group consists of 608 never-treated Medstat regions\n    49\tthroughout. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998\n    50\t(always-treated) are excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level in\n    51\tparentheses. Significance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 ,\n    52\t{}^{*}p<0.10 .\n    53\t\n    54\tTable 6 reports the pooled ATT for the 1 km, 3 km and 5 km buffer specification, aggregating the dynamic treatment effects into a single estimate averaged across all post-treatment periods and cohorts. The 5 km specification, yields an ATT of -0.431\n    55\tcorresponding to a 35% reduction in the drug-related hospitalization rate. This estimate is statistically significant at the 5% level. The 3 km and 1 km estimates point in the same direction but are less precise, due to the smaller number of treated regions.\n    56\t\n    57\tTo further explore the mechanisms through which DCR openings affect drug-related hospitalizations, I disaggregate the main outcome into five diagnostic\n    58\tsub-categories: (i) mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use, (ii) viral hepatitis, (iii) HIV, (iv) poisoning by narcotics and psychodysleptics, and (v) fatal drug-related hospitalizations. Accidental poisoning is excluded due to the very small number of cases.\n    59\t\n    60\tFigure 7: Event study: Sub-outcome estimates,\n    61\twithin 5 km, \\pm 5-year window\n    62\t\n    63\tNote: The figure plots event-study coefficients from the doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator for four diagnostic sub-categories of drug-related hospitalizations. Each panel uses a separate y -axis to accommodate differences in scale across outcomes. The sample includes all staggered-treated MedStat regions within 5 km of a\n    64\tDCR that opened between 1998 and 2022. The reference period is a universal base period. Regions near DCRs that opened before 1998 (always-treated) are excluded. 95% confidence intervals are based on standard errors clustered at the MedStat region level.\n    65\t\n    66\tTable 7: Overall ATT by Outcome Category and Buffer Zone\n    67\t\n    68\tOutcome | 1 km | 3 km | 5 km\n    69\t\n    70\tMental/Behavioral | -0.354 | -0.202 | -0.381*\n    71\t\n    72\t| (0.382) | (0.244) | (0.220)\n    73\t\n    74\tHepatitis | -0.270 | -0.413 | -0.406\n    75\t\n    76\t| (0.486) | (0.270) | (0.250)\n    77\t\n    78\tHIV | 0.063 | -0.239 | -0.340\n    79\t\n    80\t| (0.801) | (0.337) | (0.294)\n    81\t\n    82\tNarcotics | 1.186*** | 0.549*** | 0.390**\n    83\t\n    84\t| (0.288) | (0.187) | (0.165)\n    85\t\n    86\tDrug-related (fatal) | -1.207*** | -0.290 | -0.354**\n    87\t\n    88\t| (0.137) | (0.215) | (0.178)\n    89\t\n    90\tTreated regions | 7 | 35 | 50\n    91\t\n    92\tControl regions | 608 (never-treated) | |\n    93\t\n    94\tNote: Each cell reports the overall ATT from\n    95\tthe doubly robust Callaway & Sant’Anna (2021) estimator with\n    96\tnever-treated controls and a universal base period. Outcomes are\n    97\tlog hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants. Sub-outcomes:\n    98\tmental and behavioral disorders (F11–F19), viral hepatitis (B15–B19),\n    99\tHIV disease (B20–B24), narcotics/psychodysleptics (T40). The 1 km\n   100\testimates are identified from a single treated region per cohort and\n   101\tshould be interpreted with caution. Regions near DCRs opened before\n   102\t1998 excluded. Standard errors clustered at the Medstat region level.\n   103\tSignificance: {}^{***}p<0.01 , {}^{**}p<0.05 , {}^{*}p<0.10 .\n   104\t\n   105\tFigure 7 and Table 7 repeat the estimation for the five diagnostic categories. From Table 7, the ATT estimates for hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders are consistently negative and marginally significant at the 5 km buffer specification. Moreover, the estimates of hepatitis are also negative and of comparable magnitude but insignificant. However, the event-study path in Figure 7 shows a gradual decline that builds from year 3 onward, consistent with a slow-acting reduction in needle sharing. HIV estimates are insignificant and close to zero. Narcotics poisoning hospitalizations rise after DCR opening and remain positive across all buffers. Lastly, fatal drug-related hospitalizations move in the opposite direction, falling after opening the DCR. The opposing patterns in narcotics and fatal hospitalizations suggest that DCRs convert events that would otherwise be fatal into survivable hospital contacts.\n   106\t\n   107\t### 6.1 Mechanisms\n   108\t\n   109\tThe sub-outcome results point to two channels through which DCRs reduce drug-related hospitalizations. The first is overdose supervision. DCRs provide a medically supervised environment where staff can control the dose consumed, perform resuscitation, and call emergency services when an overdose occurs. When supervision prevents a death that would otherwise happen outside a hospital, the consequence is a simultaneous decline in fatal drug-related hospitalizations and a rise in non-fatal poisoning contacts, as events that would have ended in death instead end in a hospital visit. The results are consistent with this prediction. Drug-related fatal hospitalizations fall near DCRs, by approximately 30% at 5 km, while narcotics and psychodysleptics hospitalizations rise by 47% at 5 km. The opposing signs and spatial concentration of these two effects are consistent with a\n   110\tsubstitution from out-of-hospital mortality to in-hospital survival. Since I cannot observe overdose events that do not result in a hospital contact, this interpretation is suggestive rather than identified, but it is consistent with the clinical evidence on DCR-based overdose reversals\n   111\t(Kerr et al., 2017; Hedrich, 2004).\n   112\t\n   113\tThe second channel is harm reduction for blood-borne diseases. DCRs distribute sterile injection equipment, which reduces needle sharing and the transmission of viral hepatitis and HIV. Unlike overdose prevention, these effects are expected to emerge slowly, since disease progression and hospitalization take years to follow from initial infection. The event-study path for hepatitis is consistent with this lag. The estimates are close to zero in the first two post-treatment years and become progressively more negative from year 3 onward, reaching approximately 40% below baseline by year 5. HIV estimates are near zero through out the analysis, with wide confidence intervals. A longer panel and additional out-patient data would be needed to determine whether these trends continue and to get more precise estimates.\n   114\t\n   115\tA third potential channel is referral to treatment and social services. DCRs routinely connect users to addiction treatment, primary care, and housing support, and a sustained reduction in hospitalizations could partly reflect better long-term management of drug dependence. The regional hospitalization panel used in this paper does not contain information on treatment entry or service use, so I cannot separate this channel from the two described above. It remains a plausible additional mechanism that future work with information on treatment take up data could examine.\n   116\t\n   117\tTable A19: Robustness: Overall ATT Across Estimators — 5 km buffer, \\pm 5-year window\n   118\t\n   119\t| CS-DR | Sun & Abraham | Synthetic DiD | Stacked DiD\n   120\t\n   121\tATT | -0.431** | -0.438** | -0.362* | -0.149***\n   122\t\n   123\t| (0.218) | (0.208) | (0.205) | (0.038)\n   124\t\n   125\t% change | -35.0% | -35.5% | -30.3% | -13.9%\n   126\t\n   127\tTreated regions | 50 | | |\n   128\t\n   129\tControl regions | 608 | | |\n   130\t\n   131\tObservations | 17,250 | | |\n   132\t\n   133\tNote: All specifications use the 5 km buffer,\n   134\tnever-treated comparison regions (640 regions), and a \\pm 5-year window\n     1\tSOURCE EXTRACT — arxiv-2606.14621v1\n     2\tTitle: Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n     3\tAuthors: Harrison H. Li; Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz; David Yokum\n     4\tBibliographic record: arXiv:2606.14621v1 [econ.GN], submitted 12 Jun 2026 (version 1, the only version at retrieval). Abstract page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.14621v1\n     5\tRetrieved: https://arxiv.org/html/2606.14621v1 on 2026-10-30T03:23:18Z (SHA-256 of the retrieved HTML: f98fb1b39edd2107051cddf1da34aa8cf19e74e04d60bf9305a88cf966417da1)\n     6\tLicense: CC BY 4.0 (license shown on the arXiv abstract page; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Reproduced in part with attribution.\n     7\tExtract contents: title, authors and abstract; Section 3 'Results' (Table 2 with caption, the results paragraphs, Section 3.1 'Cost-benefit analysis'); from Section 4.1, Table 3 with its caption and the paragraph that discusses it.\n     8\tOmitted: Sections 1-2, Table 1, Section 3.2 (heterogeneous effects), the rest of Section 4, the references and the appendix.\n     9\tRendering note: converted from the HTML rendering to plain text. Tables are rendered one row per line with \" | \" separating cells; in regression tables the line following a coefficient row holds the standard errors in parentheses, exactly as printed. Mathematical expressions appear as LaTeX source; non-breaking spaces were replaced by ordinary spaces. No numbers were altered.\n    10\tEditorial note: Tables 2 and 3 were re-set in a one-row-per-outcome layout because the HTML rendering split each outcome over three rows and detached the p-values from their columns; the p-values and confidence intervals are attached to the column they belong to in the original (first p-value = treatment-control difference, second = average treatment effect).\n    11\t================================================================\n    12\t\n    13\t# Evaluating the Impact of Rhode Island's Self-Sustaining Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) Program on Employment Outcomes\n    14\t\n    15\tHarrison H. Li (Harvey Mudd College), Shanna Pearson-Merkowitz (University of Maryland, College Park), David Yokum (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)\n    16\t\n    17\t###### Abstract\n    18\t\n    19\tProlonged unemployment carries serious economic, health, and wellbeing costs. With federal support, most U.S. states now operate a Reemployment Services and Eligibility Assessment (RESEA) program to help Unemployment Insurance (UI) claimants return to work faster. We report results from a large (N = 23,549) preregistered randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating Rhode Island’s RESEA program from February 2022 to September 2023. We estimate that selection into the program increased annualized wages by $1,153, increased reemployment by 1.5 percentage points, and reduced UI duration by nearly two weeks. The vast majority of these wage and reemployment effects appeared within two quarters of claimants’ first pay dates and persisted through at least the following year, and we estimate that each dollar spent on the program saved the state $2.64. Using causal forests, a machine learning technique for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE), we also conduct an exploratory analysis to investigate if there are differential effects of selection into the RESEA program. We find that all participants experienced positive wage benefits from RESEA selection, with particularly large effects for older and lower-income workers. Finally, we improve upon prior RESEA evaluations by explicitly controlling for the week of treatment assignment — a methodological refinement absent from several existing RCTs of job-training programs that is important to eliminate confounding bias. We also discuss ways to harvest precision gains from baseline covariate adjustment without introducing large-sample bias.\n    20\t\n    21\t## 3 Results\n    22\t\n    23\t[Table 1 (pre-treatment characteristics) omitted from this extract.]\n    24\t\n    25\t[Table 2 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering, in which each outcome occupied three table rows; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate]\n    26\t\n    27\tOutcome | Treatment | Control | Treatment-control difference | Average treatment effect estimate\n    28\tWage | $33,073 (SD: 36,749) | $33,043 (SD: 36,231) | $29; p=0.95; 95% CI: [-903, 962] | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141]\n    29\tReemployment | 75.2% | 75.0% | 0.26 pp; p=0.64; 95% CI: [-0.84, 1.37] | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]\n    30\tWeeks on UI | 15.2 weeks (SD: 9.3) | 17.3 weeks (SD: 9.4) | -2.10 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.34, -1.86] | -1.99 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75]\n    31\tShort-term wage | $23,776 (SD: 31,948) | $23,897 (SD: 32,293) | -$121; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-941, 700] | $1,195; p=0.007; 95% CI: [326, 2,064]\n    32\tShort-term reemployment | 61.4% | 61.6% | -0.18 pp; p=0.77; 95% CI: [-1.43, 1.06] | 1.66 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]\n    33\tShort-term weeks on UI | 14.2 weeks (SD: 8.4) | 15.9 weeks (SD: 8.3) | -1.70 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.92, -1.49] | -1.77 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-1.99, -1.55]\n    34\t\n    35\tTable 2: The average values of our long-term and short-term outcomes for the aggregate treatment and control groups in the study cohort, along with information about the differences in these averages between the treatment and control groups and our average treatment effect estimates. For the average outcomes, standard deviations are given in parentheses for the quantitative outcomes (wage and weeks on UI). For the treatment-control differences and the average treatment effect estimates, we provide two-sided p -values and 95% confidence intervals based on Welch’s two-sample t -test and the methodology described in the main text, respectively. The two rightmost columns illustrate how direct comparisons of outcome averages between the aggregate treatment and control groups can lead to significantly biased causal conclusions.\n    36\t\n    37\tOverall, we find that RESEA selection led to a statistically significant improvement in all three of the preregistered outcomes. RESEA selection led to a wage outcome that was $1,153 higher annually (95% CI: [$166, $2,141]; p=0.022 ), a 3.5% increase relative to the mean wage outcome of $33,043 in the control group (Table 2). There was also an estimated 1.47 percentage point increase in reemployment (95% CI: [0.32, 2.62]; p=0.013 ) and a 1.99 week reduction in the number of weeks on UI (95% CI: [1.75 weeks, 2.24 weeks]; p<0.001 ) due to RESEA selection. The latter is an 11.5% decrease compared to the mean control group weeks on UI outcome of 17.3 weeks. All three of these results remain statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing using Holm’s method to keep the familywise error rate below 5 percent.\n    38\t\n    39\tThe results for the short-term outcomes are substantively similar to those for the longer-term outcomes (Table 2). We estimate RESEA selection leads to a short-term wage outcome that is $1,195 higher (95% CI: [$326, $2,064]; p = 0.007) on an annualized basis and a 1.66 percentage point higher rate of short-term reemployment (95% CI: [0.37, 2.96]; p = 0.012). Given that the magnitudes of these causal estimates are very similar to those for the corresponding long-term outcomes, this suggests that the full impact of RESEA selection on wages and reemployment appears quickly by the second quarter after randomization, and persists for at least five quarters. We also find that those selected for RESEA spend 1.77 fewer weeks on UI in the benefit year of their claim (95% CI: [1.55 weeks, 1.99 weeks]; p ¡ 0.001). As this is a bit smaller than the effect size of 1.99 weeks estimated for the long term weeks on UI outcome, which includes an additional 26 weeks beyond the benefit year, we see some directional evidence that RESEA selection may also reduce the time spent on UI in the following year, suggesting that it may be helping claimants find employment that lasts longer, thereby reducing repetitive use of UI benefits.\n    40\t\n    41\tAs noted earlier, wages and reemployment are artificially zero-inflated due to missing out-of-state wage data. The Rhode Island job market is tightly integrated with those of the neighboring states of Massachusetts and Connecticut; the 2016-2020 5-Year American Community Survey found that nearly 16 percent of Rhode Island workers 16 years and older commuted out of state, mainly to Massachusetts. We note, however, that this missingness should not affect the directional validity of our causal analysis. This is because randomization ensures that this missingness is balanced between the treatment and control groups (within each block), unless RESEA selection itself differentially helps or hinders finding employment out of state or self-employment. To investigate this, we examined the presence of individuals who failed to exhaust their UI benefits in the benefit year of their claim while having $0 in reported RI wages for all of the five complete quarters after randomization. There were 3,325 claimants falling into this group, including 1,618 individuals (13.7%) in the aggregate control group and 1,707 individuals (14.6%) in the aggregate treatment group. After controlling for randomization week, this difference in proportions was not significant ( p = 0.55). The lack of statistical significance on this test with our large sample size along with the fact that the Rhode Island job database focuses overwhelmingly on jobs offered by Rhode Island employers suggests that RESEA selection does not differentially assist in finding out-of-state employment or self-employment.\n    42\t\n    43\t### 3.1 Cost-benefit analysis\n    44\t\n    45\tWe find that the decrease in time spent drawing UI benefits due to RESEA selection corresponds to a considerable cost savings to the state from paying out a smaller amount of UI benefits. We estimate that the average individual selected for RESEA during the study period drew $676 less (95% CI: [$563, $789], p<0.001 ) in UI benefits during the same benefit year of their claim than they would have if they were not selected for RESEA. This is a 9.9 percent reduction relative to the control group average of $6,839 in UI benefits drawn during the benefit year of the claim. Multiplying the estimate by the total number of individuals selected for RESEA in the study ( n=11,700 ) suggests that as a result of the program, the state paid out about $7.9 million fewer in UI benefits to claimants randomized during the study period over the same benefit year as their UI claims. This is much higher than the total expenditures of $2.99 million for the RESEA program over the study period, representing $2.64 in savings for the state budget for every $1 spent on the program.\n    46\t\n    47\t### 4.1 Methodological lessons (excerpt)\n    48\t\n    49\t[Table 3 — re-set by the extract editor from the HTML rendering; all values are verbatim. Columns: Outcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression]\n    50\t\n    51\tOutcome | Difference in means | Covariate adjusted | Fixed effects regression\n    52\tWage | $1,153; p=0.022; 95% CI: [166, 2,141] | $1,137; p=0.014; 95% CI: [228, 2,047] | $1,100; p=0.027; 95% CI: [127, 2,073]\n    53\tReemployment | 1.47 pp; p=0.013; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.62] | 1.48 pp; p=0.012; 95% CI: [0.32, 2.63] | 1.49 pp; p=0.011; 95% CI: [0.34, 2.64]\n    54\tWeeks on UI | -1.99 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75] | -1.93 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.18, -1.68] | -1.97 wks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.22, -1.72]\n    55\t\n    56\tTable 3: A comparison of the ITT estimates, two-sided p -values, and 95% confidence intervals for our primary outcomes from three different methodologies: the preregistered analysis based on eq. (1), the covariate adjusted analysis based on eq. (2), and the fixed effects regression in eq. (3). The leftmost column based on the preregistered analysis duplicates the rightmost column in Table 2 for ease of comparison.\n    57\t\n    58\tIf we directly compared treatment group and control group outcome averages without accounting for the week of randomization, the results would suggest RESEA selection had no detectable average effect on the wage and reemployment outcomes (column 4, Table 2). However, such an analysis is potentially biased under the experimental design because it does not respect the blocked randomization, which makes the week of randomization a known confounder. For example, weeks with a larger number of UI applicants, which had a higher proportion of control group individuals, tended to have lower-earning applicants (Fig. 7), thereby inflating the average wage outcome in the control group relative to the treatment group. 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-p out; cat > out/analysis.py <<'EOF'\n\"\"\"F4-conf-02: verify six assertions against the cited source extracts.\nRun from workspace root: ~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py\nDeterministic; reads data/ only; prints the source lines it relies on.\"\"\"\nimport json, math, os, re\n\nDATA = \"data\"\nDCR = \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\"\nRESEA = \"arxiv-2606.14621v1\"\n\ndef lines(path):\n    with open(path, encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n        return f.read().split(\"\\n\")\n\ndef wc_l(path):\n    with open(path, \"rb\") as f:\n        return f.read().count(b\"\\n\")\n\nassertions = json.load(open(os.path.join(DATA, \"assertions.json\"), encoding=\"utf-8\"))\nsrc = {s: lines(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", s + \".txt\")) for s in (DCR, RESEA)}\n\ndef find(sid, pattern, start=0):\n    \"\"\"Return (line_no, text) of the first line matching regex pattern at/after start.\"\"\"\n    for i, l in enumerate(src[sid][start:], start=start):\n        if re.search(pattern, l):\n            return i, l\n    raise ValueError(f\"pattern {pattern!r} not found in {sid}\")\n\ndef row_with_se(sid, pattern, start=0):\n    \"\"\"Coefficient row and the following non-empty SE row.\"\"\"\n    i, l = find(sid, pattern, start)\n    j = i + 1\n    while not src[sid][j].strip():\n        j += 1\n    cells = [c.strip() for c in l.split(\"|\")]\n    ses = [c.strip() for c in src[sid][j].split(\"|\") if c.strip()]\n    print(f\"  [{sid} L{i+1}] {l}\")\n    print(f\"  [{sid} L{j+1}] {src[sid][j]}\")\n    return cells, ses\n\ndef num(cell):\n    return float(re.sub(r\"[^\\d.\\-]\", \"\", cell.replace(\"−\", \"-\")))\n\npct = lambda b: 100 * (math.exp(b) - 1)\nverdicts, locators, reasons = {}, {}, {}\nchecks = {}\n\nfor a in assertions:\n    print(f\"{a['id']} (cites {a['cites']}): {a['text']}\")\nprint()\n\n# ---------- A1: Table 6, 5 km ----------\nprint(\"A1 evidence:\")\nt6 = find(DCR, r\"^Table 6\")[0]\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^ATT \\|\", t6)\npc = find(DCR, r\"^% change\", t6); print(f\"  [{DCR} L{pc[0]+1}] {pc[1]}\")\nb, se = num(cells[3]), num(ses[2])\nstars = cells[3].count(\"*\")\npct_printed = pc[1].split(\"|\")[3].strip()\nok = (b == -0.431 and se == 0.210 and stars >= 2 and pct_printed == \"-35.0%\"\n      and abs(pct(b) - (-35.0)) < 0.05)\nchecks[\"A1\"] = dict(att=b, se=se, stars=stars, pct_printed=pct_printed, pct_implied=round(pct(b), 2))\nverdicts[\"A1\"] = \"supported\" if ok else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A1\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 6 | row \"ATT\" | column \"5 km\"'\nreasons[\"A1\"] = (\"Table 6 prints ATT -0.431** (SE 0.210) at 5 km (** = p<0.05) and a % change of -35.0%, \"\n                 f\"matching 100*(exp(-0.431)-1) = {pct(b):.1f}%.\")\n\n# ---------- A2: Table 7, HIV, 1 km ----------\nprint(\"A2 evidence:\")\nt7 = find(DCR, r\"^Table 7\")[0]\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^HIV \\|\", t7)\nb = num(cells[1])\nchecks[\"A2\"] = dict(att_1km=b, se=num(ses[0]))\nverdicts[\"A2\"] = \"supported\" if b < 0 else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A2\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 7 | row \"HIV\" | column \"1 km\"'\nreasons[\"A2\"] = (f\"Table 7 prints the 1 km HIV ATT as +{cells[1]} (SE {ses[0]}), positive and insignificant, \"\n                 \"so the sign claimed (-0.063, a fall) is contradicted.\")\n\n# ---------- A3: Table 6, 3 km ----------\nprint(\"A3 evidence:\")\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^ATT \\|\", t6)\nb = num(cells[2]); p3 = pc[1].split(\"|\")[2].strip()\nchecks[\"A3\"] = dict(att=b, pct_printed=p3, pct_implied=round(pct(b), 2), claimed=-28.3)\nverdicts[\"A3\"] = \"supported\" if abs(pct(b) - (-28.3)) < 0.05 else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A3\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 6 | row \"% change\" | column \"3 km\"'\nreasons[\"A3\"] = (f\"An ATT of -0.283 log points implies 100*(exp(-0.283)-1) = {pct(b):.1f}% (Table 6 prints {p3}), \"\n                 \"not 28.3%; the assertion equates log points with percent.\")\n\n# ---------- A4: Table 7, Hepatitis, 5 km ----------\nprint(\"A4 evidence:\")\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^Hepatitis \\|\", t7)\nb, se = num(cells[3]), num(ses[2])\nci196 = (round(b - 1.96 * se, 3), round(b + 1.96 * se, 3))\nci200 = (round(b - 2.0 * se, 3), round(b + 2.0 * se, 3))\nci1se = (round(b - se, 3), round(b + se, 3))\nchecks[\"A4\"] = dict(att=b, se=se, stars=cells[3].count(\"*\"), ci_1_96=ci196, ci_2_00=ci200, att_pm_1se=ci1se)\nexcl = ci196[1] < 0 or ci196[0] > 0\nverdicts[\"A4\"] = \"supported\" if excl else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A4\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 7 | row \"Hepatitis\" | column \"5 km\"'\nreasons[\"A4\"] = (f\"With ATT -0.406 and SE 0.250 (no star), the 95% CI is [{ci196[0]}, {ci196[1]}] (±1.96 SE), which \"\n                 f\"includes zero; the claimed [-0.66, -0.16] is only ±1 SE ({ci1se}).\")\n\n# ---------- A5: sex heterogeneity ----------\nprint(\"A5 evidence: search for sex/gender breakdown in\", DCR)\nhits = [(i + 1, l) for i, l in enumerate(src[DCR])\n        if re.search(r\"\\b(men|women|male|female|sex|gender)\\b\", l, re.I)]\nfor h in hits: print(f\"  [{DCR} L{h[0]}] {h[1][:160]}\")\nprint(f\"  -> {len(hits)} matching lines\")\nchecks[\"A5\"] = dict(sex_mentions=len(hits))\nverdicts[\"A5\"] = \"not_assessable\" if not hits else \"MANUAL_CHECK\"\nlocators[\"A5\"] = f\"not reported in {DCR}\"\nreasons[\"A5\"] = (\"The extract reports ATTs only by buffer, outcome category and estimator; no estimate by sex \"\n                 \"(men vs women) appears anywhere, so the comparison can be neither confirmed nor refuted.\")\n\n# ---------- A6: RESEA Table 2, Weeks on UI ----------\nprint(\"A6 evidence:\")\ni, l = find(RESEA, r\"^Weeks on UI \\|\"); print(f\"  [{RESEA} L{i+1}] {l}\")\ncells = [c.strip() for c in l.split(\"|\")]\nctrl = num(cells[2].split(\"weeks\")[0])\nate = cells[4]\nate_est = num(ate.split(\"weeks\")[0])\nci = [num(x) for x in re.search(r\"\\[(.*?)\\]\", ate).group(1).split(\",\")]\nj, t = find(RESEA, r\"11\\.5% decrease\"); print(f\"  [{RESEA} L{j+1}] ...{t[t.find('a 1.99 week'):][:260]}\")\nrel = 100 * ate_est / ctrl\nchecks[\"A6\"] = dict(ate=ate_est, ci=ci, control_mean=ctrl, rel_pct=round(rel, 2))\nok = ate_est == -1.99 and ci == [-2.24, -1.75] and ctrl == 17.3 and abs(rel - (-11.5)) < 0.05\nverdicts[\"A6\"] = \"supported\" if ok else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A6\"] = f'{RESEA} | Table 2 | row \"Weeks on UI\" | column \"Average treatment effect estimate\"'\nreasons[\"A6\"] = (f\"Table 2 prints the ATE -1.99 weeks (95% CI [-2.24, -1.75]) with control mean 17.3 weeks, and \"\n                 f\"1.99/17.3 = {abs(rel):.1f}%, as also stated in the Section 3 text.\")\n\nprint(\"\\nChecks:\", json.dumps(checks, indent=1))\n\ndata_issues = [\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: Table A19 prints the CS-DR 5 km ATT -0.431** with SE (0.218), whereas Table 6 prints the same estimate with SE (0.210).\",\n     \"handling\": \"A1 assessed against Table 6 (the cited main table); with SE 0.218 the estimate remains significant at 5% (|t|=1.98), so the verdict is unchanged.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: Table A19 note states 640 never-treated comparison regions while its 'Control regions' row and Tables 6-7 state 608.\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded; does not bear on any assertion.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: abstract says fatal hospitalisations fall by 35%, but Table 7 (5 km, -0.354) implies -29.8% and Section 6.1 says 'approximately 30%'.\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded as an internal inconsistency; no assertion concerns this number.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: results text calls HIV estimates 'close to zero', although 3 km and 5 km point estimates are -0.239 and -0.340 (insignificant).\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded; A2 judged on the printed 1 km coefficient (+0.063).\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: extract ends mid-sentence in the Table A19 note (truncated).\",\n     \"handling\": \"No assertion depends on the missing text.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{RESEA}: Section 3 text reports the weeks-on-UI CIs as positive magnitudes ([1.75, 2.24], [1.55, 1.99]) while Table 2 prints signed values; text contains rendering defect 'p ¡ 0.001' (for p < 0.001).\",\n     \"handling\": \"Treated as sign convention for a 'reduction' and a character-encoding defect; A6 judged on Table 2 values.\"},\n]\n\nn_input_rows = {\n    \"assertions.json\": len(assertions),\n    \"README.md\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"README.md\")),\n    f\"{DCR}.txt\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", DCR + \".txt\")),\n    f\"{RESEA}.txt\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", RESEA + \".txt\")),\n}\nvals = list(verdicts.values())\nres = {\n    \"task_id\": \"F4-conf-02\",\n    \"verdicts\": verdicts, \"locators\": locators, \"reasons\": reasons,\n    \"n_supported\": vals.count(\"supported\"),\n    \"n_not_supported\": vals.count(\"not_supported\"),\n    \"n_not_assessable\": vals.count(\"not_assessable\"),\n    \"feasibility\": \"complete\", \"feasibility_reason\": None,\n    \"data_issues\": data_issues,\n    \"n_input_rows\": n_input_rows,\n    \"n_analysed\": len(assertions),\n    \"random_seed\": None,\n}\nos.makedirs(\"out\", exist_ok=True)\nwith open(\"out/results.json\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n    json.dump(res, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)\nprint(\"\\nVerdicts:\", verdicts)\nEOF\n~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py","description":"Write and run analysis script"},"caller":{"type":"direct"}}],"container":null,"stop_reason":"tool_use","stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":256,"cache_read_input_tokens":20036,"output_tokens":4669,"output_tokens_details":{"thinking_tokens":270},"server_tool_use":{"web_search_requests":0,"web_fetch_requests":0},"service_tier":"standard","cache_creation":{"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":256},"inference_geo":"global","iterations":[],"speed":"standard","fallback_credit":null},"input_transformations":[],"diagnostics":null,"context_management":null},"apiBlockIndex":1,"requestId":"req_011CgXsjaDxsFEJo1EcAyL17","requestRef":"34acd342-c69c-4049-905e-f992af48549b","requestedModel":"claude-opus-5-5","type":"assistant","uuid":"a4e9f114-bb0a-46b4-a32f-5d6297d0dfa8","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:33:37.240Z","effort":"medium","perTurnEffort":"medium","userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}43{"parentUuid":"a4e9f114-bb0a-46b4-a32f-5d6297d0dfa8","isSidechain":false,"promptId":"f0e96060-7d5e-4084-a67d-41d86cd5bdfc","type":"user","message":{"role":"user","content":[{"tool_use_id":"toolu_0188s2gMR7vjx6xsVtPhz571","type":"tool_result","content":"A1 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\nA2 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): At the 1 km buffer, the estimated ATT for HIV hospitalisations is negative (−0.063), i.e. HIV hospitalisations fall after a DCR opening in the immediate vicinity.\nA3 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): The 3 km ATT of −0.283 implies a 28.3% reduction in drug-related hospitalisations within 3 km of a DCR.\nA4 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): For viral hepatitis at the 5 km buffer, the 95% confidence interval of the ATT is approximately [−0.66, −0.16] and therefore excludes zero.\nA5 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): The reduction in drug-related hospitalisations after a DCR opening is larger for men than for women.\nA6 (cites arxiv-2606.14621v1): Selection into RESEA reduced the number of weeks on UI by 1.99 weeks (95% CI [−2.24, −1.75]), an 11.5% decrease relative to the control-group mean of 17.3 weeks.\n\nA1 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L36] ATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L38] | (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L40] % change | -32.9% | -24.7% | -35.0%\nA2 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L78] HIV | 0.063 | -0.239 | -0.340\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L80] | (0.801) | (0.337) | (0.294)\nA3 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L36] ATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L38] | (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\nA4 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L74] Hepatitis | -0.270 | -0.413 | -0.406\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L76] | (0.486) | (0.270) | (0.250)\nA5 evidence: search for sex/gender breakdown in arxiv-2609.27732v1\n  -> 0 matching lines\nA6 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2606.14621v1 L30] Weeks on UI | 15.2 weeks (SD: 9.3) | 17.3 weeks (SD: 9.4) | -2.10 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.34, -1.86] | -1.99 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75]\n  [arxiv-2606.14621v1 L37] ...a 1.99 week reduction in the number of weeks on UI (95% CI: [1.75 weeks, 2.24 weeks]; p<0.001 ) due to RESEA selection. The latter is an 11.5% decrease compared to the mean control group weeks on UI outcome of 17.3 weeks. All three of these results remain stat\n\nChecks: {\n \"A1\": {\n  \"att\": -0.431,\n  \"se\": 0.21,\n  \"stars\": 2,\n  \"pct_printed\": \"-35.0%\",\n  \"pct_implied\": -35.01\n },\n \"A2\": {\n  \"att_1km\": 0.063,\n  \"se\": 0.801\n },\n \"A3\": {\n  \"att\": -0.283,\n  \"pct_printed\": \"-24.7%\",\n  \"pct_implied\": -24.65,\n  \"claimed\": -28.3\n },\n \"A4\": {\n  \"att\": -0.406,\n  \"se\": 0.25,\n  \"stars\": 0,\n  \"ci_1_96\": [\n   -0.896,\n   0.084\n  ],\n  \"ci_2_00\": [\n   -0.906,\n   0.094\n  ],\n  \"att_pm_1se\": [\n   -0.656,\n   -0.156\n  ]\n },\n \"A5\": {\n  \"sex_mentions\": 0\n },\n \"A6\": {\n  \"ate\": -1.99,\n  \"ci\": [\n   -2.24,\n   -1.75\n  ],\n  \"control_mean\": 17.3,\n  \"rel_pct\": -11.5\n }\n}\n\nVerdicts: {'A1': 'supported', 'A2': 'not_supported', 'A3': 'not_supported', 'A4': 'not_supported', 'A5': 'not_assessable', 'A6': 'supported'}","is_error":false}]},"uuid":"1cae4fc8-3a27-4cc6-9937-1293d1299ab3","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:33:37.277Z","toolUseResult":{"stdout":"A1 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): Within 5 km of a drug consumption room, the overall ATT on the log drug-related hospitalisation rate is −0.431 (SE 0.210), statistically significant at the 5% level, which corresponds to a 35.0% reduction in the hospitalisation rate.\nA2 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): At the 1 km buffer, the estimated ATT for HIV hospitalisations is negative (−0.063), i.e. HIV hospitalisations fall after a DCR opening in the immediate vicinity.\nA3 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): The 3 km ATT of −0.283 implies a 28.3% reduction in drug-related hospitalisations within 3 km of a DCR.\nA4 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): For viral hepatitis at the 5 km buffer, the 95% confidence interval of the ATT is approximately [−0.66, −0.16] and therefore excludes zero.\nA5 (cites arxiv-2609.27732v1): The reduction in drug-related hospitalisations after a DCR opening is larger for men than for women.\nA6 (cites arxiv-2606.14621v1): Selection into RESEA reduced the number of weeks on UI by 1.99 weeks (95% CI [−2.24, −1.75]), an 11.5% decrease relative to the control-group mean of 17.3 weeks.\n\nA1 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L36] ATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L38] | (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L40] % change | -32.9% | -24.7% | -35.0%\nA2 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L78] HIV | 0.063 | -0.239 | -0.340\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L80] | (0.801) | (0.337) | (0.294)\nA3 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L36] ATT | -0.399 | -0.283 | -0.431**\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L38] | (0.412) | (0.279) | (0.210)\nA4 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L74] Hepatitis | -0.270 | -0.413 | -0.406\n  [arxiv-2609.27732v1 L76] | (0.486) | (0.270) | (0.250)\nA5 evidence: search for sex/gender breakdown in arxiv-2609.27732v1\n  -> 0 matching lines\nA6 evidence:\n  [arxiv-2606.14621v1 L30] Weeks on UI | 15.2 weeks (SD: 9.3) | 17.3 weeks (SD: 9.4) | -2.10 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.34, -1.86] | -1.99 weeks; p<0.001; 95% CI: [-2.24, -1.75]\n  [arxiv-2606.14621v1 L37] ...a 1.99 week reduction in the number of weeks on UI (95% CI: [1.75 weeks, 2.24 weeks]; p<0.001 ) due to RESEA selection. The latter is an 11.5% decrease compared to the mean control group weeks on UI outcome of 17.3 weeks. All three of these results remain stat\n\nChecks: {\n \"A1\": {\n  \"att\": -0.431,\n  \"se\": 0.21,\n  \"stars\": 2,\n  \"pct_printed\": \"-35.0%\",\n  \"pct_implied\": -35.01\n },\n \"A2\": {\n  \"att_1km\": 0.063,\n  \"se\": 0.801\n },\n \"A3\": {\n  \"att\": -0.283,\n  \"pct_printed\": \"-24.7%\",\n  \"pct_implied\": -24.65,\n  \"claimed\": -28.3\n },\n \"A4\": {\n  \"att\": -0.406,\n  \"se\": 0.25,\n  \"stars\": 0,\n  \"ci_1_96\": [\n   -0.896,\n   0.084\n  ],\n  \"ci_2_00\": [\n   -0.906,\n   0.094\n  ],\n  \"att_pm_1se\": [\n   -0.656,\n   -0.156\n  ]\n },\n \"A5\": {\n  \"sex_mentions\": 0\n },\n \"A6\": {\n  \"ate\": -1.99,\n  \"ci\": [\n   -2.24,\n   -1.75\n  ],\n  \"control_mean\": 17.3,\n  \"rel_pct\": -11.5\n }\n}\n\nVerdicts: {'A1': 'supported', 'A2': 'not_supported', 'A3': 'not_supported', 'A4': 'not_supported', 'A5': 'not_assessable', 'A6': 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-p out; cat > out/analysis.py <<'EOF'\n\"\"\"F4-conf-02: verify six assertions against the cited source extracts.\nRun from workspace root: ~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py\nDeterministic; reads data/ only; prints the source lines it relies on.\"\"\"\nimport json, math, os, re\n\nDATA = \"data\"\nDCR = \"arxiv-2609.27732v1\"\nRESEA = \"arxiv-2606.14621v1\"\n\ndef lines(path):\n    with open(path, encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n        return f.read().split(\"\\n\")\n\ndef wc_l(path):\n    with open(path, \"rb\") as f:\n        return f.read().count(b\"\\n\")\n\nassertions = json.load(open(os.path.join(DATA, \"assertions.json\"), encoding=\"utf-8\"))\nsrc = {s: lines(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", s + \".txt\")) for s in (DCR, RESEA)}\n\ndef find(sid, pattern, start=0):\n    \"\"\"Return (line_no, text) of the first line matching regex pattern at/after start.\"\"\"\n    for i, l in enumerate(src[sid][start:], start=start):\n        if re.search(pattern, l):\n            return i, l\n    raise ValueError(f\"pattern {pattern!r} not found in {sid}\")\n\ndef row_with_se(sid, pattern, start=0):\n    \"\"\"Coefficient row and the following non-empty SE row.\"\"\"\n    i, l = find(sid, pattern, start)\n    j = i + 1\n    while not src[sid][j].strip():\n        j += 1\n    cells = [c.strip() for c in l.split(\"|\")]\n    ses = [c.strip() for c in src[sid][j].split(\"|\") if c.strip()]\n    print(f\"  [{sid} L{i+1}] {l}\")\n    print(f\"  [{sid} L{j+1}] {src[sid][j]}\")\n    return cells, ses\n\ndef num(cell):\n    return float(re.sub(r\"[^\\d.\\-]\", \"\", cell.replace(\"−\", \"-\")))\n\npct = lambda b: 100 * (math.exp(b) - 1)\nverdicts, locators, reasons = {}, {}, {}\nchecks = {}\n\nfor a in assertions:\n    print(f\"{a['id']} (cites {a['cites']}): {a['text']}\")\nprint()\n\n# ---------- A1: Table 6, 5 km ----------\nprint(\"A1 evidence:\")\nt6 = find(DCR, r\"^Table 6\")[0]\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^ATT \\|\", t6)\npc = find(DCR, r\"^% change\", t6); print(f\"  [{DCR} L{pc[0]+1}] {pc[1]}\")\nb, se = num(cells[3]), num(ses[2])\nstars = cells[3].count(\"*\")\npct_printed = pc[1].split(\"|\")[3].strip()\nok = (b == -0.431 and se == 0.210 and stars >= 2 and pct_printed == \"-35.0%\"\n      and abs(pct(b) - (-35.0)) < 0.05)\nchecks[\"A1\"] = dict(att=b, se=se, stars=stars, pct_printed=pct_printed, pct_implied=round(pct(b), 2))\nverdicts[\"A1\"] = \"supported\" if ok else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A1\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 6 | row \"ATT\" | column \"5 km\"'\nreasons[\"A1\"] = (\"Table 6 prints ATT -0.431** (SE 0.210) at 5 km (** = p<0.05) and a % change of -35.0%, \"\n                 f\"matching 100*(exp(-0.431)-1) = {pct(b):.1f}%.\")\n\n# ---------- A2: Table 7, HIV, 1 km ----------\nprint(\"A2 evidence:\")\nt7 = find(DCR, r\"^Table 7\")[0]\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^HIV \\|\", t7)\nb = num(cells[1])\nchecks[\"A2\"] = dict(att_1km=b, se=num(ses[0]))\nverdicts[\"A2\"] = \"supported\" if b < 0 else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A2\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 7 | row \"HIV\" | column \"1 km\"'\nreasons[\"A2\"] = (f\"Table 7 prints the 1 km HIV ATT as +{cells[1]} (SE {ses[0]}), positive and insignificant, \"\n                 \"so the sign claimed (-0.063, a fall) is contradicted.\")\n\n# ---------- A3: Table 6, 3 km ----------\nprint(\"A3 evidence:\")\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^ATT \\|\", t6)\nb = num(cells[2]); p3 = pc[1].split(\"|\")[2].strip()\nchecks[\"A3\"] = dict(att=b, pct_printed=p3, pct_implied=round(pct(b), 2), claimed=-28.3)\nverdicts[\"A3\"] = \"supported\" if abs(pct(b) - (-28.3)) < 0.05 else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A3\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 6 | row \"% change\" | column \"3 km\"'\nreasons[\"A3\"] = (f\"An ATT of -0.283 log points implies 100*(exp(-0.283)-1) = {pct(b):.1f}% (Table 6 prints {p3}), \"\n                 \"not 28.3%; the assertion equates log points with percent.\")\n\n# ---------- A4: Table 7, Hepatitis, 5 km ----------\nprint(\"A4 evidence:\")\ncells, ses = row_with_se(DCR, r\"^Hepatitis \\|\", t7)\nb, se = num(cells[3]), num(ses[2])\nci196 = (round(b - 1.96 * se, 3), round(b + 1.96 * se, 3))\nci200 = (round(b - 2.0 * se, 3), round(b + 2.0 * se, 3))\nci1se = (round(b - se, 3), round(b + se, 3))\nchecks[\"A4\"] = dict(att=b, se=se, stars=cells[3].count(\"*\"), ci_1_96=ci196, ci_2_00=ci200, att_pm_1se=ci1se)\nexcl = ci196[1] < 0 or ci196[0] > 0\nverdicts[\"A4\"] = \"supported\" if excl else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A4\"] = f'{DCR} | Table 7 | row \"Hepatitis\" | column \"5 km\"'\nreasons[\"A4\"] = (f\"With ATT -0.406 and SE 0.250 (no star), the 95% CI is [{ci196[0]}, {ci196[1]}] (±1.96 SE), which \"\n                 f\"includes zero; the claimed [-0.66, -0.16] is only ±1 SE ({ci1se}).\")\n\n# ---------- A5: sex heterogeneity ----------\nprint(\"A5 evidence: search for sex/gender breakdown in\", DCR)\nhits = [(i + 1, l) for i, l in enumerate(src[DCR])\n        if re.search(r\"\\b(men|women|male|female|sex|gender)\\b\", l, re.I)]\nfor h in hits: print(f\"  [{DCR} L{h[0]}] {h[1][:160]}\")\nprint(f\"  -> {len(hits)} matching lines\")\nchecks[\"A5\"] = dict(sex_mentions=len(hits))\nverdicts[\"A5\"] = \"not_assessable\" if not hits else \"MANUAL_CHECK\"\nlocators[\"A5\"] = f\"not reported in {DCR}\"\nreasons[\"A5\"] = (\"The extract reports ATTs only by buffer, outcome category and estimator; no estimate by sex \"\n                 \"(men vs women) appears anywhere, so the comparison can be neither confirmed nor refuted.\")\n\n# ---------- A6: RESEA Table 2, Weeks on UI ----------\nprint(\"A6 evidence:\")\ni, l = find(RESEA, r\"^Weeks on UI \\|\"); print(f\"  [{RESEA} L{i+1}] {l}\")\ncells = [c.strip() for c in l.split(\"|\")]\nctrl = num(cells[2].split(\"weeks\")[0])\nate = cells[4]\nate_est = num(ate.split(\"weeks\")[0])\nci = [num(x) for x in re.search(r\"\\[(.*?)\\]\", ate).group(1).split(\",\")]\nj, t = find(RESEA, r\"11\\.5% decrease\"); print(f\"  [{RESEA} L{j+1}] ...{t[t.find('a 1.99 week'):][:260]}\")\nrel = 100 * ate_est / ctrl\nchecks[\"A6\"] = dict(ate=ate_est, ci=ci, control_mean=ctrl, rel_pct=round(rel, 2))\nok = ate_est == -1.99 and ci == [-2.24, -1.75] and ctrl == 17.3 and abs(rel - (-11.5)) < 0.05\nverdicts[\"A6\"] = \"supported\" if ok else \"not_supported\"\nlocators[\"A6\"] = f'{RESEA} | Table 2 | row \"Weeks on UI\" | column \"Average treatment effect estimate\"'\nreasons[\"A6\"] = (f\"Table 2 prints the ATE -1.99 weeks (95% CI [-2.24, -1.75]) with control mean 17.3 weeks, and \"\n                 f\"1.99/17.3 = {abs(rel):.1f}%, as also stated in the Section 3 text.\")\n\nprint(\"\\nChecks:\", json.dumps(checks, indent=1))\n\ndata_issues = [\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: Table A19 prints the CS-DR 5 km ATT -0.431** with SE (0.218), whereas Table 6 prints the same estimate with SE (0.210).\",\n     \"handling\": \"A1 assessed against Table 6 (the cited main table); with SE 0.218 the estimate remains significant at 5% (|t|=1.98), so the verdict is unchanged.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: Table A19 note states 640 never-treated comparison regions while its 'Control regions' row and Tables 6-7 state 608.\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded; does not bear on any assertion.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: abstract says fatal hospitalisations fall by 35%, but Table 7 (5 km, -0.354) implies -29.8% and Section 6.1 says 'approximately 30%'.\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded as an internal inconsistency; no assertion concerns this number.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: results text calls HIV estimates 'close to zero', although 3 km and 5 km point estimates are -0.239 and -0.340 (insignificant).\",\n     \"handling\": \"Recorded; A2 judged on the printed 1 km coefficient (+0.063).\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{DCR}: extract ends mid-sentence in the Table A19 note (truncated).\",\n     \"handling\": \"No assertion depends on the missing text.\"},\n    {\"issue\": f\"{RESEA}: Section 3 text reports the weeks-on-UI CIs as positive magnitudes ([1.75, 2.24], [1.55, 1.99]) while Table 2 prints signed values; text contains rendering defect 'p ¡ 0.001' (for p < 0.001).\",\n     \"handling\": \"Treated as sign convention for a 'reduction' and a character-encoding defect; A6 judged on Table 2 values.\"},\n]\n\nn_input_rows = {\n    \"assertions.json\": len(assertions),\n    \"README.md\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"README.md\")),\n    f\"{DCR}.txt\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", DCR + \".txt\")),\n    f\"{RESEA}.txt\": wc_l(os.path.join(DATA, \"sources\", RESEA + \".txt\")),\n}\nvals = list(verdicts.values())\nres = {\n    \"task_id\": \"F4-conf-02\",\n    \"verdicts\": verdicts, \"locators\": locators, \"reasons\": reasons,\n    \"n_supported\": vals.count(\"supported\"),\n    \"n_not_supported\": vals.count(\"not_supported\"),\n    \"n_not_assessable\": vals.count(\"not_assessable\"),\n    \"feasibility\": \"complete\", \"feasibility_reason\": None,\n    \"data_issues\": data_issues,\n    \"n_input_rows\": n_input_rows,\n    \"n_analysed\": len(assertions),\n    \"random_seed\": None,\n}\nos.makedirs(\"out\", exist_ok=True)\nwith open(\"out/results.json\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n    json.dump(res, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)\nprint(\"\\nVerdicts:\", verdicts)\nEOF\n~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py","description":"Write and run analysis 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the report and 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> out/report.md <<'EOF'\n# F4-conf-02 — Are the six quoted assertions supported by the sources they cite?\n\n## Question\nA literature review makes six assertions (A1–A6), each citing one of two arXiv extracts: Armendariz (2026), arXiv:2609.27732v1, on drug consumption rooms (DCRs), and Li, Pearson-Merkowitz & Yokum (2026), arXiv:2606.14621v1, on the Rhode Island RESEA programme. For each assertion I decide, using only the cited extract, whether it is **supported**, **not_supported** or **not_assessable**. Each verdict comes with a locator and a one-sentence reason.\n\n## Data and exclusions\nI read `data/assertions.json` (6 items), `data/README.md` (14 lines), `data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` (134 lines) and `data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` (58 lines). The SHA-256 hashes of both extracts match the ones listed in the README. Nothing was excluded, and I used no outside knowledge of either paper.\n\nProblems found in the inputs (also listed in `results.json` → `data_issues`):\n- **DCR, Table A19 vs Table 6:** the same CS-DR 5 km ATT (−0.431**) is printed with SE 0.218 in Table A19 and SE 0.210 in Table 6.\n- **DCR, Table A19 note:** it says there are 640 comparison regions, but the table row and Tables 6–7 say 608. The note is also cut off mid-sentence at the end of the extract.\n- **DCR, abstract vs Table 7:** the abstract says fatal hospitalisations fall by 35%. Table 7 (−0.354 at 5 km) implies −29.8%, and Section 6.1 says \"approximately 30%\".\n- **DCR, HIV wording:** the text calls the HIV estimates \"close to zero\", although the 3 km and 5 km point estimates are −0.239 and −0.340 (both insignificant).\n- **RESEA, Section 3 text:** confidence intervals for the weeks-on-UI reductions are written as unsigned magnitudes ([1.75, 2.24]). There is also an encoding defect: \"p ¡ 0.001\" stands for p < 0.001.\n\nNone of these issues changes a verdict.\n\n## Method\nFor each assertion I located the decisive table cell and checked every element: sign, magnitude, uncertainty, significance and population.\n- Log-point coefficients are converted to percentage changes as 100·(exp(b) − 1).\n- 95% confidence intervals are computed as b ± 1.96·SE, with ±2.0·SE as a robustness check.\n- Significance is read from the printed stars (** = p < 0.05).\n- For A5, I searched the whole DCR extract for any breakdown by sex (men, women, male, female, sex, gender).\n\nThe logic is coded in `out/analysis.py`, which prints the source lines it relies on and regenerates `out/results.json`.\n\n## Results\n| id | verdict | locator | decisive element |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| A1 | supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 6, row \"ATT\", column \"5 km\" | The table prints −0.431** with SE (0.210) and a % change of −35.0%; 100·(exp(−0.431) − 1) = −35.0%; ** means p < 0.05. |\n| A2 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 7, row \"HIV\", column \"1 km\" | The printed coefficient is **+0.063** (SE 0.801), not −0.063, so the claimed sign (a fall) is wrong. |\n| A3 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 6, row \"% change\", column \"3 km\" | −0.283 log points is a −24.7% change (the table prints −24.7%), not −28.3%. The assertion treats log points as if they were percent. |\n| A4 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 7, row \"Hepatitis\", column \"5 km\" | With ATT −0.406 and SE 0.250 (no star), the 95% CI is [−0.896, 0.084], which includes zero. The claimed [−0.66, −0.16] is only ±1 SE. |\n| A5 | not_assessable | not reported in arxiv-2609.27732v1 | The extract has no estimates by sex: no search term matched any line. |\n| A6 | supported | arxiv-2606.14621v1, Table 2, row \"Weeks on UI\", column \"Average treatment effect estimate\" | The table prints ATE −1.99 weeks, 95% CI [−2.24, −1.75] and a control mean of 17.3 weeks; 1.99/17.3 = 11.5%, which the text also states. |\n\n**Counts:** 2 supported, 3 not_supported, 1 not_assessable.\n\n## Uncertainty\nNo sampling or randomness is involved in the verdicts; the remaining uncertainty is about conventions:\n- **A4 depends on the critical value.** The CI includes zero with 1.96·SE ([−0.896, 0.084]) and with 2.0·SE ([−0.906, 0.094]). Even a 90% CI (±1.645·SE, [−0.817, 0.005]) just includes zero, and the table prints no star. The claimed interval can only be reproduced as ±1·SE, which is roughly a 68% interval. The verdict does not change under any reasonable alternative.\n- **A3 depends on the log-to-percent conversion.** Under the prescribed conversion the implied change is −24.65%, which the source itself prints as −24.7%. The figure −28.3% would only follow from reading log points directly as percent, which the task rules out, so the verdict does not change.\n- **A1 uses both conventions.** The exp conversion gives −35.01%, consistent with the stated 35.0%. Significance at 5% comes from the printed stars, and it also holds by z = 0.431/0.210 = 2.05. Using the Table A19 SE of 0.218 instead gives z = 1.98, which is still above 1.96. Under the 2.0 critical value that alternative SE would sit just below the threshold, but the assertion quotes SE 0.210 and the ** of Table 6, so the verdict stands.\n- **A6 involves only arithmetic** (11.50%) and quoting printed values.\n- **A2 and A5 involve no convention.**\n\n## Limitations and open issues\n- The verdicts check fidelity to the extract only, not whether the underlying studies are valid. For example, the DCR paper's own inconsistencies (abstract vs Table 7, SE 0.210 vs 0.218, 608 vs 640 controls) are recorded but not resolved.\n- A5 is not_assessable from the **extract**. The full paper (for instance its omitted appendices) might contain a split by sex, but under the information rules that cannot be checked here.\n- Locators point to the main tables. Where the text restates a value, it agrees with the table: A1 and A6 are confirmed in the text as well.\nEOF\ncat > out/claims.json <<'EOF'\n[\n {\"id\":\"C1\",\"text\":\"A1 (5 km overall ATT -0.431, SE 0.210, significant at 5%, -35.0%) is supported by Table 6 of arxiv-2609.27732v1.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Table A19 prints SE 0.218 for the same estimate; significance at 5% still holds with 1.96.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C2\",\"text\":\"A2 is not supported: the 1 km HIV ATT in Table 7 is +0.063, not negative.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"},\n {\"id\":\"C3\",\"text\":\"A3 is not supported: -0.283 log points implies a 24.7% reduction, not 28.3%.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Relies on the prescribed 100*(exp(b)-1) conversion, which the source also prints.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C4\",\"text\":\"A4 is not supported: the 95% CI for the 5 km hepatitis ATT is [-0.896, 0.084] and includes zero.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Holds for critical values 1.645, 1.96 and 2.0.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C5\",\"text\":\"A5 (larger effect for men than women) is not assessable because the extract reports no estimates by sex.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"The full paper outside the extract was not consulted, by rule.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C6\",\"text\":\"A6 (RESEA reduced weeks on UI by 1.99, CI [-2.24,-1.75], 11.5% of 17.3) is supported by Table 2 of arxiv-2606.14621v1.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"},\n {\"id\":\"C7\",\"text\":\"Overall: 2 supported, 3 not supported, 1 not assessable.\",\"results_keys\":[\"n_supported\",\"n_not_supported\",\"n_not_assessable\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"}\n]\nEOF\n~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py >/dev/null && ~/wp29/venv/bin/python -c \"import json;d=json.load(open('out/results.json'));print(d['n_supported'],d['n_not_supported'],d['n_not_assessable'],d['n_input_rows']);json.load(open('out/claims.json'))\"","description":"Write report and claims, verify 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3 1 {'assertions.json': 6, 'README.md': 14, 'arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt': 134, 'arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt': 58}","is_error":false}]},"uuid":"dcb71f8e-3904-48cd-a7bc-e022deb500f8","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:34:06.954Z","toolUseResult":{"stdout":"2 3 1 {'assertions.json': 6, 'README.md': 14, 'arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt': 134, 'arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt': 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the report and claims."},{"type":"tool_use","id":"toolu_01YM3zhcnopKUqcBLqZsZ4fG","name":"Bash","input":{"command":"cat > out/report.md <<'EOF'\n# F4-conf-02 — Are the six quoted assertions supported by the sources they cite?\n\n## Question\nA literature review makes six assertions (A1–A6), each citing one of two arXiv extracts: Armendariz (2026), arXiv:2609.27732v1, on drug consumption rooms (DCRs), and Li, Pearson-Merkowitz & Yokum (2026), arXiv:2606.14621v1, on the Rhode Island RESEA programme. For each assertion I decide, using only the cited extract, whether it is **supported**, **not_supported** or **not_assessable**. Each verdict comes with a locator and a one-sentence reason.\n\n## Data and exclusions\nI read `data/assertions.json` (6 items), `data/README.md` (14 lines), `data/sources/arxiv-2609.27732v1.txt` (134 lines) and `data/sources/arxiv-2606.14621v1.txt` (58 lines). The SHA-256 hashes of both extracts match the ones listed in the README. Nothing was excluded, and I used no outside knowledge of either paper.\n\nProblems found in the inputs (also listed in `results.json` → `data_issues`):\n- **DCR, Table A19 vs Table 6:** the same CS-DR 5 km ATT (−0.431**) is printed with SE 0.218 in Table A19 and SE 0.210 in Table 6.\n- **DCR, Table A19 note:** it says there are 640 comparison regions, but the table row and Tables 6–7 say 608. The note is also cut off mid-sentence at the end of the extract.\n- **DCR, abstract vs Table 7:** the abstract says fatal hospitalisations fall by 35%. Table 7 (−0.354 at 5 km) implies −29.8%, and Section 6.1 says \"approximately 30%\".\n- **DCR, HIV wording:** the text calls the HIV estimates \"close to zero\", although the 3 km and 5 km point estimates are −0.239 and −0.340 (both insignificant).\n- **RESEA, Section 3 text:** confidence intervals for the weeks-on-UI reductions are written as unsigned magnitudes ([1.75, 2.24]). There is also an encoding defect: \"p ¡ 0.001\" stands for p < 0.001.\n\nNone of these issues changes a verdict.\n\n## Method\nFor each assertion I located the decisive table cell and checked every element: sign, magnitude, uncertainty, significance and population.\n- Log-point coefficients are converted to percentage changes as 100·(exp(b) − 1).\n- 95% confidence intervals are computed as b ± 1.96·SE, with ±2.0·SE as a robustness check.\n- Significance is read from the printed stars (** = p < 0.05).\n- For A5, I searched the whole DCR extract for any breakdown by sex (men, women, male, female, sex, gender).\n\nThe logic is coded in `out/analysis.py`, which prints the source lines it relies on and regenerates `out/results.json`.\n\n## Results\n| id | verdict | locator | decisive element |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| A1 | supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 6, row \"ATT\", column \"5 km\" | The table prints −0.431** with SE (0.210) and a % change of −35.0%; 100·(exp(−0.431) − 1) = −35.0%; ** means p < 0.05. |\n| A2 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 7, row \"HIV\", column \"1 km\" | The printed coefficient is **+0.063** (SE 0.801), not −0.063, so the claimed sign (a fall) is wrong. |\n| A3 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 6, row \"% change\", column \"3 km\" | −0.283 log points is a −24.7% change (the table prints −24.7%), not −28.3%. The assertion treats log points as if they were percent. |\n| A4 | not_supported | arxiv-2609.27732v1, Table 7, row \"Hepatitis\", column \"5 km\" | With ATT −0.406 and SE 0.250 (no star), the 95% CI is [−0.896, 0.084], which includes zero. The claimed [−0.66, −0.16] is only ±1 SE. |\n| A5 | not_assessable | not reported in arxiv-2609.27732v1 | The extract has no estimates by sex: no search term matched any line. |\n| A6 | supported | arxiv-2606.14621v1, Table 2, row \"Weeks on UI\", column \"Average treatment effect estimate\" | The table prints ATE −1.99 weeks, 95% CI [−2.24, −1.75] and a control mean of 17.3 weeks; 1.99/17.3 = 11.5%, which the text also states. |\n\n**Counts:** 2 supported, 3 not_supported, 1 not_assessable.\n\n## Uncertainty\nNo sampling or randomness is involved in the verdicts; the remaining uncertainty is about conventions:\n- **A4 depends on the critical value.** The CI includes zero with 1.96·SE ([−0.896, 0.084]) and with 2.0·SE ([−0.906, 0.094]). Even a 90% CI (±1.645·SE, [−0.817, 0.005]) just includes zero, and the table prints no star. The claimed interval can only be reproduced as ±1·SE, which is roughly a 68% interval. The verdict does not change under any reasonable alternative.\n- **A3 depends on the log-to-percent conversion.** Under the prescribed conversion the implied change is −24.65%, which the source itself prints as −24.7%. The figure −28.3% would only follow from reading log points directly as percent, which the task rules out, so the verdict does not change.\n- **A1 uses both conventions.** The exp conversion gives −35.01%, consistent with the stated 35.0%. Significance at 5% comes from the printed stars, and it also holds by z = 0.431/0.210 = 2.05. Using the Table A19 SE of 0.218 instead gives z = 1.98, which is still above 1.96. Under the 2.0 critical value that alternative SE would sit just below the threshold, but the assertion quotes SE 0.210 and the ** of Table 6, so the verdict stands.\n- **A6 involves only arithmetic** (11.50%) and quoting printed values.\n- **A2 and A5 involve no convention.**\n\n## Limitations and open issues\n- The verdicts check fidelity to the extract only, not whether the underlying studies are valid. For example, the DCR paper's own inconsistencies (abstract vs Table 7, SE 0.210 vs 0.218, 608 vs 640 controls) are recorded but not resolved.\n- A5 is not_assessable from the **extract**. The full paper (for instance its omitted appendices) might contain a split by sex, but under the information rules that cannot be checked here.\n- Locators point to the main tables. Where the text restates a value, it agrees with the table: A1 and A6 are confirmed in the text as well.\nEOF\ncat > out/claims.json <<'EOF'\n[\n {\"id\":\"C1\",\"text\":\"A1 (5 km overall ATT -0.431, SE 0.210, significant at 5%, -35.0%) is supported by Table 6 of arxiv-2609.27732v1.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Table A19 prints SE 0.218 for the same estimate; significance at 5% still holds with 1.96.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C2\",\"text\":\"A2 is not supported: the 1 km HIV ATT in Table 7 is +0.063, not negative.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"},\n {\"id\":\"C3\",\"text\":\"A3 is not supported: -0.283 log points implies a 24.7% reduction, not 28.3%.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Relies on the prescribed 100*(exp(b)-1) conversion, which the source also prints.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C4\",\"text\":\"A4 is not supported: the 95% CI for the 5 km hepatitis ATT is [-0.896, 0.084] and includes zero.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"Holds for critical values 1.645, 1.96 and 2.0.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C5\",\"text\":\"A5 (larger effect for men than women) is not assessable because the extract reports no estimates by sex.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"The full paper outside the extract was not consulted, by rule.\"},\n {\"id\":\"C6\",\"text\":\"A6 (RESEA reduced weeks on UI by 1.99, CI [-2.24,-1.75], 11.5% of 17.3) is supported by Table 2 of arxiv-2606.14621v1.\",\"results_keys\":[\"verdicts\",\"locators\",\"reasons\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"},\n {\"id\":\"C7\",\"text\":\"Overall: 2 supported, 3 not supported, 1 not assessable.\",\"results_keys\":[\"n_supported\",\"n_not_supported\",\"n_not_assessable\"],\"status\":\"supported\",\"caveat\":\"none\"}\n]\nEOF\n~/wp29/venv/bin/python out/analysis.py >/dev/null && ~/wp29/venv/bin/python -c \"import json;d=json.load(open('out/results.json'));print(d['n_supported'],d['n_not_supported'],d['n_not_assessable'],d['n_input_rows']);json.load(open('out/claims.json'))\"","description":"Write report and claims, verify 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checked all six assertions against their cited extracts: 2 are supported, 3 are not supported, and 1 can't be assessed. The script `out/analysis.py` reruns cleanly from the workspace root and regenerates `out/results.json`.\n\n| id | verdict | what decides it |\n|---|---|---|\n| A1 | supported | Table 6, 5 km: −0.431** with SE 0.210 is a −35.0% change, and ** means significant at 5%. |\n| A2 | not supported | Table 7 prints the 1 km HIV estimate as **+0.063**, not −0.063, so HIV hospitalisations did not fall. |\n| A3 | not supported | −0.283 log points is a −24.7% change (Table 6 prints −24.7%), not 28.3%. The assertion reads log points as percent. |\n| A4 | not supported | For hepatitis at 5 km (−0.406, SE 0.250), the 95% interval is [−0.896, 0.084], which includes zero. The quoted [−0.66, −0.16] is only ±1 SE. |\n| A5 | not assessable | The extract has no estimates by sex, so \"larger for men than women\" can be neither confirmed nor refuted. |\n| A6 | supported | RESEA Table 2: −1.99 weeks, 95% interval [−2.24, −1.75], control mean 17.3 weeks, and 1.99/17.3 = 11.5%. |\n\nThe conventions don't change any verdict:\n- **A4:** the interval still includes zero with 1.96 or 2.0 standard errors, and even at 90%.\n- **A3:** the source itself prints −24.7%.\n- **A1:** Table A19 gives SE 0.218 instead of 0.210. That would only matter with a 2.0 cut-off, and the assertion quotes 0.210 and Table 6's stars.\n\nThe DCR extract is inconsistent with itself in a few places, none of which affects the verdicts:\n- The same estimate has SE 0.210 in Table 6 and 0.218 in Table A19.\n- Table A19's note says 640 comparison regions while the tables say 608, and the note is cut off at the end of the extract.\n- The abstract says fatal hospitalisations fall 35%, but Table 7 implies about 30%.\n\nIn the RESEA text, intervals are written without minus signs and \"p < 0.001\" appears as \"p ¡ 0.001\". All of these are listed in the report and in `data_issues`.\n\nThe main limitation is A5: it is unassessable only from the extract, and the full paper might report a split by sex, but the rules don't allow checking it.\n\nFiles are in `out/`:\n- results.json\n- report.md\n- analysis.py\n- claims.json"}],"container":null,"stop_reason":"end_turn","stop_sequence":null,"stop_details":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":3451,"cache_read_input_tokens":26602,"output_tokens":932,"output_tokens_details":{"thinking_tokens":38},"server_tool_use":{"web_search_requests":0,"web_fetch_requests":0},"service_tier":"standard","cache_creation":{"ephemeral_1h_input_tokens":0,"ephemeral_5m_input_tokens":3451},"inference_geo":"global","iterations":[],"speed":"standard","fallback_credit":null},"input_transformations":[],"diagnostics":null,"context_management":null},"apiBlockIndex":1,"requestId":"req_011CgXspS9Boo5FENE1nhVto","requestRef":"c4cd7ad5-e79f-433e-a4f3-27108d43146f","requestedModel":"claude-opus-5-5","type":"assistant","uuid":"66d90aa0-1793-4cd5-924d-f361fd270192","timestamp":"2026-10-30T05:34:16.625Z","effort":"medium","perTurnEffort":"medium","userType":"external","entrypoint":"sdk-cli","cwd":"/Users/simon-pierreboucher/wp29/runs/RA0008","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","version":"2.1.314","gitBranch":"HEAD"}56{"type":"last-prompt","lastPrompt":"Begin","leafUuid":"66d90aa0-1793-4cd5-924d-f361fd270192","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776"}57{"type":"cost-state","sessionId":"5262c400-391d-4201-8745-b0f1c26ba776","totalCostUSD":0.3742512,"totalAPIDuration":95356,"totalAPIDurationWithoutRetries":95351,"totalToolDuration":299,"totalLinesAdded":0,"totalLinesRemoved":0,"totalDuration":98824,"startTime":1793338357826,"modelUsage":{"claude-opus-5-5":{"inputTokens":18,"outputTokens":10533,"thinkingTokens":1063,"cacheReadInputTokens":103871,"cacheCreationInputTokens":28549,"cacheCreationEphemeral5mInputTokens":28549,"cacheCreationEphemeral1hInputTokens":0,"webSearchRequests":0,"costUSD":0.3742512}},"hasUnknownModelCost":false}58