1step,rule,n_before,n_after,n_removed,rationale21_year_window,keep rows with 2000<=year<=2022,439,439,0,Study window; no rows outside it in this file.32_dedupe_iso3_year,"one row per (iso3, year); drop exact duplicates",439,416,23,Each country contributes at most one observation per year (TUR listed as both Turkey and Turkiye).43_drop_missing_value,drop country-years with empty life_expectancy,416,415,1,No imputation allowed; missing country-year has no value.54_balanced_panel,keep countries with a recorded value in all 23 years 2000-2022,415,345,70,"Balanced-panel estimand; excluded incomplete countries: ['BGD', 'CHE', 'ETH', 'IND', 'NGA']."6