1[2 {"id": "C1", "text": "The analysis year is 2023; 197 countries/economies are analysed and 20 are excluded for missing GDP per capita.", "results_keys": ["analysis_year", "n_analysed", "n_excluded_missing"], "status": "supported", "caveat": "Excluded economies are non-randomly selected (microstates, conflict/sanctioned economies)."},3 {"id": "C2", "text": "In 2023, life expectancy rises by about 5.27 years per log-point of GDP per capita PPP (95% HC3 CI 4.85 to 5.68); the conclusion code is positive_effect.", "results_keys": ["effect_estimate", "effect_se", "effect_ci_low", "effect_ci_high", "conclusion", "intercept"], "status": "supported", "caveat": "Descriptive association only; not causal."},4 {"id": "C3", "text": "ln(GDP per capita) explains about 74% of cross-country variance in life expectancy (r = 0.86) and halves the prediction RMSE from 7.08 to 3.59 years relative to the mean-only baseline.", "results_keys": ["r_squared", "pearson_r", "baseline_metric", "model_metric"], "status": "supported", "caveat": "In-sample fit; no out-of-sample validation."},5 {"id": "C4", "text": "The slope estimate is robust to the choice of HC variant, to leaving out any single country, and to dropping entities with erratic life-expectancy series.", "results_keys": ["sensitivity_se_HC0", "sensitivity_se_HC1", "sensitivity_se_HC2", "sensitivity_se_classical", "sensitivity_beta_loo_min", "sensitivity_beta_loo_max", "sensitivity_beta_drop_erratic_LE", "sensitivity_n_drop_erratic_LE"], "status": "supported", "caveat": "Does not address functional-form misspecification, missing-data bias, or measurement error."}6]7