1{2 "document_id": "lb_hotpotqa_f536646dd72a8a4f5ebddec61a67b8319dc9187d47bb7fc6",3 "family": "public_hotpotqa",4 "split": "test",5 "text": "Passage 1:\nJack Young (speedway rider)\nJack Ellis Young (31 January 1925 in Adelaide, South Australia – 28 August 1987 in Adelaide) was a Motorcycle speedway rider who won the Speedway World Championship in 1951 and 1952. He also won the London Riders' Championship 1953 and 1954 and was a nine time South Australian Champion between 1948 and 1964.By winning the 1951 and 1952 World Championships, Young became the first Australian to win two World Championships in any form of motorsport.\n\nCareer\nAustralia\nJack Young started racing bikes with younger brother Frank on the Sand Pits at Findon in Adelaide, before starting his speedway career at the Kilburn Speedway on 9 May 1947 riding a 1926 Harley-Davidson Peashooter borrowed from his brother. There he rode alongside older brother Wally \"Joey\" Young (b. 1916 – d. 1990), and younger brother Frank. Jack and Frank both represented Australia in test matches against England. Quickly proving himself to be one of the best riders in Adelaide, Jack placed an impressive second in the SA title in 1947 (after only having raced at a couple of meetings), and would win his first South Australian Championship in 1948. He would go on to win the SA Championship again in 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963 and 1964, all at Rowley Park Speedway. Young would win the Queensland State Championship in 1953 at the Brisbane Exhibition Ground, and the Victorian State Championship in 1957 at the Tracey's Speedway in Melbourne.\nDespite his two World Championships, nine South Australian Championships and the Queensland and Victorian titles, Jack Young would never win or even place in the Australian Individual Speedway Championship, which during his time were held almost exclusively in New South Wales (at the Sydney Showground or Sydney Sports Ground), or in Queensland at the Exhibition Ground. Young declined several invitations to ride in the Australian championship, often preferring to take a break from speedway to enjoy the Australian summer and go fishing. He did finish third in an unofficial \"Australian Championship\" staged at the Harringay Stadium in London, England in 1950. The promoters of the speedway had a clearing in their schedule and decided fill the space by inviting the top Australian riders in the British Leagues at the time to ride in an Australian Championship (the field included Aussie born New Zealander Ronnie Moore). Brisbane rider Graham Warren won the meeting from NSW rider Aub Lawson and Young.\nJack Young announced his retirement from Speedway in December 1963 on the night he won his ninth and last SA Championship (counted as the 1963/64 Championship). Young and the rider who would succeed him as South Australia's best rider John Boulger, jointly hold the record for SA title wins with nine each.\nA lover of fishing, at his home in Adelaide Young was known to use his two World Championship trophies as a place to store his sinkers.\nJust a year after his death, Jack Young was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame for his services to speedway.In 2008, Young was posthumously inducted into the Australian Speedway Hall of Fame.\nIn November 2014, Jack Young was inducted into the Motorcycling South Australia Hall of Fame.\n\nInternational\nAfter winning his first South Australian championship in 1948 at Kilburn, as well as impressive displays for Australia in home Test's against England, Jack Young had the attention of British promoters. He was signed by the Edinburgh Monarchs in 1949 after they paid his fare to come over for a trial. He scored maximum points on his debut, winning all six of his rides.\nIn 1949, 1950 and 1951, Young won the Scottish Riders Championship (now the Scottish Open) at Old Meadowbank in Edinburgh.\nIn 1951, Jack Young made history by becoming the first second division rider to become World Champion when he won the title at the Wembley Stadium in London. He defeated England's Split Waterman and fellow Australian Jack Biggs in a three way run-off for the title after each had finished the meeting on 12 points.In 1952 Young moved up a division by joining the West Ham Hammers for a then record transfer fee of UK£3,750. He also retained his World title in front of 93,000 fans at Wembley, thus becoming the first dual World Champion and the first rider to win the title two years in succession.\nHe stayed with the Hammers until the end of the 1955 season and is remembered by many West Ham riders and fans alike as the best rider to ever race for the team. Young stayed home in Adelaide for the next two seasons riding mainly at his home track of Rowley Park, but in 1958 he returned to the UK to ride for the Coventry Bees. After again returning home to Adelaide in 1959, he again rode for the Bees in 1960 and 1961.\nJack Young's last World Final appearance was as a reserve rider for the 1961 Championship at the Malmö Stadion in Malmö, Sweden (the first World Championship Final not held at Wembley). Neither Young, nor the other reserve rider, Swede Leif Larsson, got to ride in the final.\nJack Young also represented Australia in test matches both at home and overseas and had the honour of captaining his country on many occasions. He first represented Australia in the 7th test against England on 17 February 1950 at the Kilburn Speedway in Adelaide and proved his class by top scoring on the night with 17 points. During the early part of his career when riding for the Edinburgh Monarchs, Young also represented Scotland in some matches.\n\nCareer Highlights\nWorld Champion – 1951, 1952\nSouth Australian Champion – 1948, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964\nScottish Riders Champion – 1949, 1950, 1951\nAdelaide Golden Helmet winner – 1949 (4 wins at Kilburn Speedway) and 1950 (2 wins at Rowley Park Speedway)\nTom Farndon Memorial Trophy – 1951, 1961\nQueensland State Champion – 1953\nLondon Riders' Champion – 1953, 1954\nNational Trophy (with West Ham Hammers) – 1955\nVictorian State Champion – 1957\n12 times in succession British Match Race Champion over a two-year period, unbeaten in 33 successive meetings in Britain\nHolds the record for the highest points won in a season in Britain.\nInducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame – 1988\nInducted into the Australian Speedway Hall of Fame – 2008\nInducted into the Motorcycling South Australia Hall of Fame – 2014\n\nWorld Final Appearances\n1950 – London, Wembley Stadium – 8th – 7pts\n1951 – London, Wembley Stadium – Winner – 12+3pts\n1952 – London, Wembley Stadium – Winner – 14pts\n1953 – London, Wembley Stadium – 5th – 10pts\n1954 – London, Wembley Stadium – 4th – 11pts\n1955 – London, Wembley Stadium – 7th – 10pts\n1960 – London, Wembley Stadium – 10th – 6pts\n1961 – Malmö, Malmö Stadion – Reserve – Did not Ride\n\nDeath\nJack died of a lung disorder in Adelaide's Modbury Hospital on 28 August 1987 at the age of sixty two. Years of riding through dust clouds on British cinder tracks, as well as being a heavy cigarette smoker had left Young with Emphysema. He was survived by his wife Joan whom he had married on 12 May 1945 in the All Saints Church of England in the Adelaide suburb of Hindmarsh. Jack and Joan Young (born Joan Mary Carroll) had one son and two daughters.\nJack Young was the idol of a young rider from Christchurch, New Zealand who rode against him in Australia during the early 1960s, with the two forming a friendship that would last until Jack's passing in 1987. That rider, Ivan Mauger, who was actually based at Rowley Park at the time, would go on to win a record six Speedway World Championships (1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1979), three Long Track World Championships (1971, 1972, 1976), four Speedway World Team Cups (1968, 1971, 1972, 1979), and two Speedway World Pairs Championships (1969, 1970). Mauger credits advice he received from Young at the 1960 Australian Long Track Championship in the South Australian coastal town of Port Pirie for putting him on the path to becoming a World Champion.\n\nJack Young Solo Cup\nThe Jack Young Solo Cup (formerly known as the Jack Young Memorial Cup) is held in his honour every year at the Gillman Speedway in Adelaide after being previously held from 1990 to 1997 at Gillman's predecessor North Arm Speedway. The first cup was won by Swedish rider Jimmy Nilsen at the conclusion of an Australia vs the Rest of the World test match. The second running of the race again saw a win by a Swedish rider, 1984 and 1988 Ice Racing World Champion Erik Stenlund. The race was again run at the conclusion of Test, this time between Australia and Sweden. The international flavour continued in 1992 when the Cup was won by England's Steve Schofield. The first Australian winner was Mildura rider Jason Lyons who won the Cup in 1993.\nTen times Australian Solo Champion Leigh Adams from Mildura holds the record with five wins in 1994 and 1997 (North Arm), and 2001, 2002 and 2003 (Gillman). The first South Australian rider to win the cup was Shane Bowes who won in 1996.\n1995 winner Tomasz Gollob from Poland (who was based at North Arm for the 1994/95 Australian season) is the only rider to win the cup who has emulated Young's feat of winning the Individual Speedway World Championship. Gollob won the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix series to become the World Champion, while Leigh Adams was the 1992 World Under-21 Champion and Eric Stenlund was a dual Ice Racing World Champion.\nWith the closure of North Arm in 1997, and the new Gillman Speedway not ready for championship meetings until 2001, the Jack Young Solo Cup was not held from 1998 to 2000. Leigh Adams won the Cup the last time it was held at North Arm in 1997 as well as the first time it was run at Gillman in 2001. The 2001 meeting, held on 26 January (Australia Day), was also the official opening of the new Gillman Speedway.\nAfter being a single, six lap race for many years, the Jack Young Solo Cup is currently run in a championship format with riders earning points in the heats before the top scorers go into a semi final and then the final. The current holder of the Jack Young Solo Cup is Tyron Proctor who won his third JYSC in four years on 28 November 2015.* Note: The winner of the \"Scottish Open Championship\", of which Young was a three time winner, also receives the \"Jack Young Memorial Scottish Open Trophy\" in honour of the former Edinburgh Monarchs star rider. Adelaide's Rory Schlein is the only rider to have won both Jack Young Memorial trophies.\n\nJack Young Solo Cup Winners\nPassage 2:\nBritish Speedway Championship\nThe British Speedway Championship is an annual motorcycle speedway competition open to British national speedway riders.\nThe winner of the event becomes the British Speedway Champion.\n\nHistory\nInaugurated in 1961 as a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship it was open to riders from Britain and the British dominions. It was initially dominated by riders from New Zealand such as Barry Briggs and Ivan Mauger because of the British Final forming part of the World Speedway championship qualifying rounds. Briggs and Mauger were multiple world champions. It was not until 1975 that the final was restricted to British riders. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand then held their own World Individual Speedway championship qualifying rounds. In the first dozen finals, it was only won twice by a British born rider, both times by Peter Craven.Australians Rory Schlein and Jason Crump rode under an ACU (British) licence.\n\nBritish Champions\nMedals classification\nSee also\nBritish Speedway Under 18 Championship\nBritish Speedway Under 21 Championship\nSpeedway in the United Kingdom\nPassage 3:\nKurt Hansen (speedway rider)\nKurt Hansen (born 2 October 1964) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Denmark.\n\nCareer\nHe competed in two finals of the Speedway Under-21 World Championship (known as the European Championship at the time). The first was as a reserve in the 1984 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship and the second as an outright qualifier in the 1985 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship, where he finished in 9th place.He only rode in the British leagues for two seasons (1984 and 1985) for the Halifax Dukes.He represented the Denmark national under-21 speedway team.\nPassage 4:\n1952 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1952 Individual Speedway World Championship was the seventh edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.Australian rider Jack Young became the first rider to win a second title (and the first to win two in a row) when he won his second straight World Championship after scoring 14 points. Second was Welshman Freddie Williams on 13 points, with England's Bob Oakley third on 12 points.\n\nQualification\nNordic Final\n20 June 1952\n Växjö\nFirst 8 to Continental Final\n\nContinental Final\n22 June 1952\n Falköping\nFirst 8 to Championship Round\n\nChampionship Round\nVenues\n10 events in Great Britain.\n\nScores\nTop 16 qualify for World final, 17th & 18th reserves for World final\n\nWorld final\n18 September 1952\n London, Wembley Stadium\n\nClassification\nPodium\n Jack Young (Australia)\n Freddie Williams (Wales)\n Bob Oakley (England)\nPassage 5:\n1989 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1989 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 44th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider. It was the second time the championship was held in West Germany after previously being held in Norden in 1983.The World Final was held at the Olympic Stadium in Munich. Hans Nielsen made up for his 1988 run-off defeat to fellow Dane Erik Gundersen by scoring a 15-point maximum to take his third World Championship. Nielsen joined fellow Danes Ole Olsen and Erik Gundersen as a three time Speedway World Champion.Simon Wigg from England finished second with the slick, 400 metres (440 yards) track suiting his long track style. Wigg defeated fellow Englishman Jeremy Doncaster in a run-off for second and third places. In what would prove to be his last World Final before his career ending crash in the World Team Cup Final at the Odsal Stadium in England just two weeks later, Erik Gundersen finished in fourth place. His chances of an outright second-place finish (after having finished second behind Nielsen in Heat 4) ended when his bike's engine seized while leading heat 9 causing him to not finish the race. In a sad twist, it was also seized engine in Heat 1 of the World Team Cup Final that would cause Gundersen's career ending crash.\nAustralian rider Troy Butler had a lucky passage to the World Final. After being seeded to the Commonwealth Final, he finished eighth to qualify for the Overseas Final. He then finished tenth in the Overseas Final to be the first reserve for the Intercontinental Final. He then got a start in the Intercontinental Final at Bradford when Overseas champion Sam Ermolenko injured his back in a horrific Long track motorcycle racing crash and was forced to withdraw (the American would be out for over 6 months). Butler would finish twelfth in the IC Final to become a reserve for the World Final where he once again came in as an injury replacement when Dane Jan O. Pedersen was forced to pull out. The 1986 Australian Champion ultimately finished twelfth in Munich, finishing with 4 points (two second places) from his 5 rides.\n\nFirst Round (Overseas Series)\nNew Zealand Qualification\nFirst 2 from New Zealand final to Commonwealth final (Mitch Shirra seed to Commonwealth Final)Final Western Springs Stadium, 28 January\n\nAustralian Qualification\nWinner of Australian final to Commonwealth final (Stephen Davies & Troy Butler seeded to Commonwealth Final)\nFinal Newcastle Motordrome, 15 January\n\nSwedish Qualification\nSwedish Final\n\nMay 16, 17 & 18\n SWE Nässjö, Nyköping & Karlstad\nFirst 5 to Nordic Final plus 1 reserve\n\nDanish Final\nMay 19\n Vojens, Speedway Center\nFirst 6 to Nordic final plus 1 reserve\n\nBritish Final\nMay 21\n Coventry, Brandon StadiumFirst 10 to Commonwealth final plus 1 reserve\nPassage 6:\nSpeedway World Championship Competitions\nThere are annual world championship events in the sport of motorcycle speedway for individual riders - the Speedway Grand Prix - and for national teams - the Speedway World Cup. Each has a counterpart for riders under 21: the Speedway World Under 21 Championship and the Team Speedway Junior World Championship. A pairs event, the Speedway World Pairs Championship, ran until 1993.\nIn addition there are two Ice Speedway World Championships for individuals and teams. The first Ice World Championships were held in 1966.Another form of speedway on larger tracks takes place called Longtrack and there is a World Championship called the Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship. Since 1998 it has been a combination of grasstrack and longtrack\nPassage 7:\n2010 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification\nThe 2010 Individual Speedway World Championship Grand Prix Qualification were a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the three riders who qualified for the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix. The top eight riders finishing the 2009 Grand Prix series automatically qualified for 2010. The final round of qualification – the Grand Prix Challenge – took place on 18 September 2009, in Coventry, England. The Grand Prix Challenge was won by Magnus Zetterström who finished ahead of Chris Holder and former Grand Prix rider Jarosław Hampel. All three riders qualified for the 2010 Grand Prix.\n\nCalendar\nDomestic Qualifications\nDeutscher Motor Sport Bund nominated five riders and two track reserve in February 2009. Avto-Moto Zveza Slovenije nominated three riders in March 2009.\n\nCzech Republic\nAutoklub of the Czech Republic nominated six riders in October 2008: Lukáš Dryml, Aleš Dryml, Jr., Luboš Tomíček, Jr., Adrian Rymel, Matěj Kůs and Filip Šitera. A last rider, who will be started in SGP Qualification will be nominated in 2009.\n\nPoland\nThe top three riders from 2008 Golden Helmet Final qualified for Grand Prix Qualification (Damian Baliński, Jarosław Hampel and Adrian Miedziński). Four riders will be qualified after Domestic Final. Last rider and one reserve will be nominated by Main Commission of Speedway Sport. Two Polish 2009 Speedway Grand Prix permanent (Rune Holta and Grzegorz Walasek will be started in Domestic Final. Tomasz Gollob (#3) and Sebastian Ułamek (#14) will be not started.\n\nFinał krajowych eliminacji do GP IMŚ (Final of Domestic Qualification to Individual World Championship Grand Prix)\n7 April 2009 (18:00)\n Gdańsk\nReferee: Andrzej Terlecki\nBeat Time: 63.26 - Piotr Protasiewicz (heat 3)\nQualify: 4 and 1 + 1R by Main Commission of Speedway Sport\n\nQualifying rounds\n\n\n== Semi-finals ==\nPassage 8:\nBrian Andersen\nBrian Askel Andersen (born 13 March 1971) is a Danish former international motorcycle speedway rider.\n\nCareer\nAndersen reached the final of the Under-21 World Championship in 1990 and then won the event the following year to become the 1991 Junior World Champion The success brought him to the attention of British leagues and Coventry Bees signed him for the 1992 British League season.He drove up his average over the following seasons for Coventry and established himself as one of their leading riders. In 1995, he won the Individual Speedway Danish Championship. In 1996, he finished second in the 1996 Intercontinental Final, which qualified him for his first Speedway Grand Prix series.He rode in the Grand Prix between 1997 and 2001, and won two bronze medals in the Speedway World Team Cup. He won the Danish Championship for the second time in 1999, which was also his last season for Coventry before he moved to join Oxford Cheetahs for the 2000 Elite League speedway season.In 2001, he was part of the Oxford Cheetahs title winning team in 2001.\n\nFamily\nHis brother Jan Andersen was a speedway rider. His son Mikkel Andersen is also a speedway rider and the 2022 FIM Speedway Youth World Championship (SGP3) world champion.\n\nMajor results\nWorld individual Championship\n1997 Speedway Grand Prix - 6th (80 pts) including winning the 1997 Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain\n1998 Speedway Grand Prix - 16th (31 pts)\n1999 Speedway Grand Prix - 22nd (12 pts)\n2000 Speedway Grand Prix - 23rd (15 pts)\n2001 Speedway Grand Prix - 18th (23 pts)\n\nWorld team Championships\n1996 Speedway World Team Cup - bronze medal\n1998 Speedway World Team Cup - bronze medal\n2000 Speedway World Team Cup - =5th\n2001 Speedway World Cup - 4th\n\nSee also\nDenmark national speedway team\nList of Speedway Grand Prix riders\nPassage 9:\n1936 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1936 Individual Speedway World Championship was the first ever Speedway World Championship and was won by Lionel Van Praag of Australia. The forerunner to the World Championship was generally regarded to be the Star Riders' Championship. The final was held at London's Wembley Stadium in front of 74,000. It was the first of a record 26 times that Wembley would host the World Final with the last being in 1981.\n\nSummary\nThe World Championship would consist of a semi final round, where points would be added to the final to determine the winner. One of the favourites Jack Parker had a broken hand injury and was unable to compete in the final. Joe Abbott was also unable to line up for the final due to injury, despite qualifying for the final. They were replaced by Norman Parker and Bill Pitcher.Despite being unbeaten in the Final, Australian Bluey Wilkinson only finished third as the Championship was decided by bonus points accumulated in previous rounds plus the score from the final. Van Praag defeated England's Eric Langton in a runoff to be declared the inaugural Speedway World Champion.As they lined up at the tapes for the runoff, Langton broke them which would ordinarily lead to disqualification. However, Van Praag stated he did not want to win the title by default and insisted that a race should take place. At the restart Langton made it to the first bend in front and led until the final bend on the last lap when Van Praag darted through the smallest of gaps to win by less than wheel length.Afterwards, controversial allegations were abound that the two riders had 'fixed' the match race, deciding between them that the first person to the first bend would win the race and the Championship and split the prize money; Langton led into the first bend but was overtaken by Van Praag. Van Praag reportedly paid Langton £50 \"conscience money\" after the race for going back on the agreement.\n\nQualifying\nThe top 16 riders over 7 rounds would qualify for the World final. Ron Johnson and Bill Pitcher qualified as first reserves.\n\nPodium\nLionel Van Praag (Australia)\n Eric Langton (Great Britain)\n Bluey Wilkinson (Australia)\n\nWorld final\n10 September 1936\n London, Wembley Stadium\nPassage 10:\n2010 Individual Speedway Polish Championship\nThe 2010 Individual Speedway Polish Championship (Polish: Indywidualne Mistrzostwa Polski, IMP) was the 2010 version of Individual Speedway Polish Championship organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM). The Championship was won by Janusz Kołodziej, who beat Krzysztof Kasprzak in the Run-off. Third was Rafał Dobrucki. Kołodziej, who won 2009 (host in 2010), 2010 Golden Helmet and 2010 Speedway World Cup was award nomination to the 2011 Speedway Grand Prix. The defending Champion, Tomasz Gollob, who was a 2010 Speedway Grand Prix leader, resigned from the IMP Final.\n\nFormat\nIn four quarter-finals was started 64 riders and to semi-finals was qualify 27 riders (top 6 from Lublin' QR and top 7 from Opole, Piła and Poznań meetings. This 27 riders and 5 seeded was started in two semi-finals. This five riders was Grand Prix permanent riders (Tomasz Gollob, Rune Holta and Jarosław Hampel) and top 3 from 2009 Polish Championship Final (Gollob, Krzysztof Kasprzak and Janusz Kołodziej). The top 8 riders from both SF was qualify for the final in Zielona Góra. The hosting of the final is traditionally awarded to the defending Team Polish Champion, Falubaz Zielona Góra.\n\nQuarter-finals\nSemi-finals\nThe final\n7 August 2010 18 September 2010\n Zielona Góra\nReferee:",6 "char_len": 24075,7 "document_hash": "bf3ef3ee1350a787863f74083e9228ff0c6337e33406ef8817a955283ee1968c",8 "questions": [9 {10 "question_id": "q00",11 "qtype": "hotpotqa",12 "question": "The winner of the the London Riders' Championship in 1953 scored how many points in the 1952 Individual Speedway World Championship?"13 }14 ]15}