spb/wp30_uqo

1{2  "document_id": "lb_hotpotqa_38bd41e515abf2a44d29c593748db043ba2276d93938fdad",3  "family": "public_hotpotqa",4  "split": "test",5  "text": "Passage 1:\nMiddletown, Kentucky\nMiddletown is an independent, home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, and a former neighborhood of Louisville. The population was 7,218 at the 2010 census.\nThe city is also home to the main campus of the largest church in the state (and one of the country's largest Protestant churches), the Southeast Christian Church.\n\nHistory\nThe City of Middletown was originally incorporated in 1797 by the Jefferson County Court on 500 acres of land lying on a branch of the forks of Beargrass Creek that originally belonged to Jacob Meyers and Culberth Harrison. Though there is no recorded explanation why the city was named Middletown, it is commonly believed that that name was chosen because the town was in the \"middle\" of the two older cities of Louisville which was founded June 24, 1778, and Shelbyville, which was founded December 20, 1792. In 1871 the Kentucky General Assembly amended the original charter to increase Middletown's boundaries.\nAfter failing to hold elections and collect taxes after 1919, Circuit Judge McCauley Smith dissolved the city's charter on July 26, 1960, and Middletown lost its 163-year-old city status. The city's charter was restored as a sixth-class city on August 7, 1976 with a commission form of government. On July 15, 1982, this was upgraded to the status of a fourth-class city.\n\nGeography\nMiddletown is located at 38°14′36″N 85°31′51″W (38.243342, -85.530842). in northeast Jefferson County, Kentucky near Louisville, Kentucky.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.10 square miles (13.2 km2), of which 5.04 square miles (13.1 km2) is land and 0.061 square miles (0.16 km2) (1.20%) is water.\n\nDemographics\n2010\nAs of the census of 2010, there were 7,218 people, 3,292 households, and 1,966 families living in the city. The population density was 1,414.9 inhabitants per square mile (546.3/km2). There were 3,547 housing units at an average density of 695.3 per square mile (268.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.1% White (85.1% non-Hispanic), 7.1% African American, 0.11% Native American or Alaska Native, 2.8% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.87% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 3.2% of the population.\nThere were 3,292 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.86.\n\nThe age distribution was 21.4% under 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.0 males.\n\n2000 census\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 5,744 people, 2,391 households, and 1,654 families living in the city. The population density was 1,181.4 inhabitants per square mile (456.1/km2). There were 2,543 housing units at an average density of 523.0 per square mile (201.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.39% White, 5.54% African American, 0.30% Native American or Alaska Native, 1.44% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.50% of the population.\nThere were 2,391 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.92.\nThe age distribution was 24.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $53,608, and the median income for a family was $61,667. Males had a median income of $45,417 versus $33,135 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,660. About 2.3% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over.\n\nEducation\nPublic education in Middletown is administered by Jefferson County Public Schools, which operates Eastern High School, Hite Elementary, Middletown Elementary, and Crosby Middle School in the Middletown area. Middletown also has multiple privately funded schools. There is also a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library.\n\nGovernment Services\nAnchorage-Middletown-Eastwood-Worthington fire and EMS operates out of 11 stations to provide fire protection to 90 square miles of the eastern Louisville Metro area. Middletown is also home to a small 24 hour paid police department based out of city hall. Middletown is also home to LMPD’s 8th division. EMS is serviced by the fire department and Louisville \nmetro EMS.\nPassage 2:\nGrayson, Kentucky\nGrayson is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Carter County, Kentucky, United States, on US Route 60 and Interstate 64 in the state's northeastern region.  It is approximately 21 miles west of Ashland.  Within the city limits, the population was 4,217 at the 2010 census. Along with Carter County, the city is closely associated with the nearby Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area and is often erroneously included  in the MSA being just 9 miles west of the M.S.A's western boundary.\nThe city has grown in size substantially since the opening of Interstate 64 in 1975 through Carter County. Immediately afterwards, Grayson experienced several years of commercial sector growth, mainly to serve the Interstate 64 traffic. Since 1990, the city has also seen significant growth in the residential sector with the Interstate making for a faster trip to and from Ashland. Beginning in 1995, AA Highway terminates in Grayson making the city a gateway to the Huntington-Ashland urban area.\n\nHistory\nAfter the Revolutionary War, George Washington's aide-de-camp Col. William Grayson received a 70,000-acre (280 km2) tract of land for his service during the war from the state of Virginia. By 1838, a small portion of this tract was set aside for the development of a town named for him. Although Grayson had only five streets and eighty lots, it was established by the General Assembly on February 6, 1844, and it was incorporated on February 22, 1860.\nGrayson, Kentucky was a stop on the Eastern Kentucky Railway.\n\nGeography\nGrayson is located in east-central Carter County at 38°20′5″N 82°56′33″W (38.334738, -82.942368), along the Little Sandy River, a tributary of the Ohio River.\nRoute 60 passes through the city as Main Street and is intersected in downtown by Kentucky Routes 1 and 7 (Carol Malone Boulevard). Interstate 64 runs through the northern end of the city, with access to KY 7 at Exit 172. Kentucky Route 9, the AA Highway, begins from KY 1-and-7 just north of the city limits and runs 111 miles (179 km) to the Cincinnati area. Huntington, West Virginia, is 29 miles (47 km) east of Grayson via I-64, and Lexington is 96 miles (154 km) to the west.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Grayson has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) is land and 0.039 square miles (0.1 km2), or 1.95%, is water.\n\nClimate\nThe climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Grayson has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps. Since 2002, nine different severe storms have struck Grayson, with each storm causing enough damage to warrant federal assistance for disaster recovery.\n\nEducation\nGrayson is served by the Carter County School District. Schools located within the city includes:\n\nHeritage Elementary School\nPrichard Elementary School\nEast Carter Middle School\nEast Carter High SchoolThe campus of Kentucky Christian University (formerly Kentucky Christian College) is located in Grayson.\nGrayson has a lending library, a branch of the Carter County Public Library.\n\nDemographics\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 3,877 people, 1,415 households, and 938 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,549.1 inhabitants per square mile (598.1/km2). There were 1,538 housing units at an average density of 614.5 per square mile (237.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.32% White, 0.52% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.77% of the population.\nThere were 1,415 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.86.\nIn the city the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 19.0% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $19,683, and the median income for a family was $26,280. Males had a median income of $32,022 versus $18,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,879. About 27.7% of families and 31.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.8% of those under age 18 and 22.3% of those age 65 or over.\n\nNotable residents\nCharlie Borders, former Kentucky State Senator\nJason Smith, chef, TV personality\nRobin L. Webb, Kentucky State Senator and former Kentucky State Representative\nCarol Malone Operatic soprano at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, San Francisco and Metropolitan Operas.\nJill York, former member of the Kentucky House of Representatives\nMontana Fouts, All American softball pitcher for University of Alabama\n\nSee also\nEast Carter High School shooting, a school shooting that occurred in Grayson in 1993\nPassage 3:\nPoplar Hills, Kentucky\nPoplar Hills is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. It is a part of the Louisville Metro government, but operates as a city under the Mayor to Commissioner form of government. Per the 2020 census, the population was 380, but the city administration has made several annexation ordinances that have passed and awaits updated information. The current city population is estimated to be 2380. It currently has the highest population density for any city in Kentucky.\n\nGeography\nPoplar Hills is located in central Jefferson County at 38°10′35″N 85°41′37″W (38.176490, -85.693492). It is bordered to the northeast by Watterson Park and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County. Kentucky Route 864 (Poplar Level Road) runs along the northeast border of the community. Downtown Louisville is 7 miles (11 km) to the northwest.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Poplar Hills has a total area of 0.03 square miles (0.07 km2), all land.\n\nDemographics\n2020 census\n2000 Census\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 396 people, 234 households, and 77 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,036.0 inhabitants per square mile (6,577.6/km2). There were 240 housing units at an average density of 10,324.8 per square mile (3,986.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 40.15% White, 55.30% African American, 0.76% Asian, 1.52% from other races, and 2.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.27% of the population.\nThere were 234 households, out of which 15.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 15.4% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 66.7% were non-families. 50.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.69 and the average family size was 2.36.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 14.4% under the age of 18, 20.7% from 18 to 24, 44.7% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 2.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $26,964, and the median income for a family was $22,000. Males had a median income of $31,000 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,879. About 19.1% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.9% of those under age 18 and 46.2% of those age 65 or over.\nPassage 4:\nJeffersontown, Kentucky\nJeffersontown is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 26,595 at the 2010 U.S. census.\nIt is a major suburb of Louisville. When the Louisville Metro government was established in 2003, Jeffersontown chose to retain its status as an independent city. It is the metro area's largest municipality outside Louisville.  Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name J-town.\n\nHistory\nBefore European exploration, this was occupied by succeeding cultures of Native Americans. They hunted the area for its rich game, including bison herds. The bison created paths through the forests and meadows for their seasonal migrations that were later used by Native Americans and, in turn, by Europeans and Americans alike.\nLocated in southeastern Jefferson County, along the north central border of Kentucky, Jeffersontown was initially developed in the late 1700s as a stopover and trading station for early European-American pioneers on their way to the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville. Farmers began to cultivate the rich land, which was surveyed by Thomas Bullitt in 1773 and John Floyd the next year. The Hites, Tylers, and Oldhams all settled the area under land grants given to veterans for military service following the American Revolutionary War, as the new government was cash poor.In 1794, Abraham Bruner purchased 122 acres (49 ha) of land. In May 1797, he successfully petitioned the Jefferson County Fiscal Court to incorporate a 40-acre (16 ha) section of his land as the city of Jefferson – named either after the county or after Thomas Jefferson, then the vice president of the United States. The city was long known as Bruner's Town or Brunerstown by its inhabitants, but the usage Jefferson Town eventually became adopted as its present name.A large, 600-acre area from the pioneer days has been preserved since the late 20th century and recognized as the Tyler Settlement Rural Historic District. It is used largely for agricultural purposes. This district is east of Jeffersontown; it contains several of the Tylers' original log cabins and barns. A large portion of the Tyler settlement is known as the Blackacre Nature Preserve. This 170-acre tract is used by Jefferson County public schools as part of their environmental education.\n\nGeography\nJeffersontown is located at 38°12′22″N 85°34′25″W (38.206102, -85.573619). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km2), of which 9.9 square miles (26 km2) is land and 0.10% is water.\n\nDemographics\nAs of the census of 2010, there were 26,595 people, 10,653 households, and 7,275 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,675.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,033.2/km2). There were 11,220 housing units at an average density of 1,127.3 per square mile (435.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.2% White, 11.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.1% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.04% of the population.\n\nThere were 10,653 households, out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.99.\n\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $51,999, and the median income for a family was $60,951. Males had a median income of $41,345 versus $29,537 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,977. About 3.7% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.4% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.\n\nEconomy\nThe Bluegrass Commerce Park (formerly known as The Bluegrass Research & Industrial Park) opened in 1966 and encompasses 600 acres (2.4 km2). It was the first such development in the United States. Today, Bluegrass Commerce Park has expanded to more than 1,800 acres (7.3 km2) and is home to approximately 850 businesses. The park is the largest in the state of Kentucky. The 38,000 employees who work there make the park and Jeffersontown the third-largest city of employment in the state.\nThe park's seven units include:\n\nBluegrass Commerce Park\nCommonwealth Park\nWatterson Trail Industrial Park\nPlainview Office Park\nJeffersontown Industrial Park\nHolloway Industrial Park\nBlankenbaker CrossingsPapa John's Pizza has its headquarters in Jeffersontown.\nIn November 2020, the company announced its new global headquarters would be moved to the Three Ballpark Center at The Battery Atlanta.\n\nGovernment\nThe city of Jeffersontown is governed by a mayor and eight city council members. The mayor serves a four-year term of office while the council members serve two-year terms. The city council members are elected at-large, made up of the top eight candidates receiving the most votes in the general election.\n\nEducation\nJeffersontown has a lending library, a branch of the Louisville Free Public Library.\n\nNotable people\nJon Ackerson, politician who served in both houses of the Kentucky State Legislature; former Jeffersontown city council member\n\nSee also\n2018 Jeffersontown shooting\nBeechland (Jeffersontown, Kentucky)\nConfederate Martyrs Monument in Jeffersontown\nPassage 5:\nCentral City, Kentucky\nCentral City is a home rule-class city in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 5,819 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the county and the principal community in the Central City Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Muhlenberg County.\n\nHistory\nThe site of present-day Central City was originally known as \"Morehead's Horse Mill\" after local resident Charles S. Morehead's steam-powered gristmill. A larger community began to develop after the 1870 advent of the Elizabethtown and Paducah Railroad. A post office was constructed the next year in 1871 and called \"Owensboro Junction\" after the projected 1872 completion of the Owensboro and Russellville Railroad. By 1873, the settlement was large enough to be incorporated by the state legislature as \"Stroud City\", after local landowner John Stroud.The same year, however, the du Ponts' Central Coal and Iron Company began operation in the area and became so vital to the local economy that the city was reïncorporated in 1882 as \"Central City\". Recessions replaced the E&P and the O&R with a procession of different companies, including the Owensboro and Nashville Railway, but the two rights of way always remained in separate hands, keeping Central City an important regional hub for the Illinois Central and the L&N, with train yards, roundhouses, and even an elevated rail station. Coal was mined from nearby fields, prompting explosions such as one in 1912 that killed five workers.The expansion of automotive traffic in the early 20th century reduced some of Central City's importance, but it continues to service mainline freight traffic on the Paducah and Louisville Railway and trunk-line service for CSX from Madisonville to the Paradise Combined Cycle Plant, minutes south of the city.\nCentral City is the only city in Muhlenberg County that allows liquor to be sold by package stores and by the drink in restaurants seating at least 100 persons. Muhlenberg County is dry.\n\nGeography\nCentral City is located in northeastern Muhlenberg County at 37°17′42″N 87°07′43″W (37.294989, -87.128622). The Western Kentucky Parkway runs along the southern edge of the city, with access from Exit 58 (U.S. Route 431). The parkway leads northeast 80 miles (130 km) to Elizabethtown and west 57 miles (92 km) to Eddyville. U.S. Route 62 passes through Central City south of the city center; it leads northeast 17 miles (27 km) to Beaver Dam and southwest 7 miles (11 km) to Greenville, the Muhlenberg county seat. US 431 passes through Central City's downtown, leading north 35 miles (56 km) to Owensboro and south 36 miles (58 km) to Russellville.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the Central City has a total area of 5.25 square miles (13.6 km2), of which 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2), or 0.21%, are water. Terrain in Central City is rolling hills to steep bluffs along the northern boundaries of the city along the Green River. The city, along its northwestern border, is known for its swamps and lowland area that remain at or near the water table year-round.\nMost of Central City has a sandstone bedrock with #9 bituminous coal underlying the bedrock. Central City has a number of old underground coal mine shafts that still crisscross the city.  Most of these old shafts date back to the early 1900s. The majority of terrain around the city limits is reclaimed land where surface mining has taken place.\n\nDemographics\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 5,893 people, 2,065 households, and 1,410 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,126.2 inhabitants per square mile (434.8/km2). There were 2,313 housing units at an average density of 442.0 per square mile (170.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.07% White, 10.67% African American, 0.05% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.\nThere were 2,065 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.95.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 116.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.3 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $27,371, and the median income for a family was $32,959. Males had a median income of $29,284 versus $18,265 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,637. About 18.4% of families and 20.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.3% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.\n\nEducation\nCentral City is home to Central City Elementary School. Central City Elementary School is a feeder school for Muhlenberg North Middle School which, in turn, feeds Muhlenberg County High School.\nCentral City is also home to the Muhlenberg Campus of Madisonville Community College, completed in 2001.\nCentral City has a lending library, a branch of the Muhlenberg County Public Library.\n\nMedia\nWMTA AM 1380, founded 1955\nWNES AM, founded in 1955, owned by the Andy Anderson Corporation which founded the station.\nWEKV FM 101.9, 100,000 watt station, owned and operated by Andy Anderson Corporation, licensed to Central City where the main studio is, tower and transmitter located in Pleasant Ridge, (Daviess County), Kentucky.\nA number of regional radio stations have Radio repeater's located in Central City.  Two are currently active while a third is under consideration.\nLeader-News, weekly newspaper founded in Greenville Leader, moved to Central City in the 1960s and became the \"Greenville Leader-Central City News\", owned and published by the Andy Anderson Corporation.\nTimes Argus, formerly the Messenger Times Argus, founded in 1909, published weekly.\n\nEconomy\nMajor employers in Central City include: \n\nBrewco\nBrewer, Inc.\nGreen River Correctional Complex\nKentucky Utilities Green River Generating Station\nArmstrong Coal Company Parkway Mine\nKenAmerican Paradise Underground Mine\nWal-Mart Supercenter\nCentral City Elementary School\n\nArts and culture\nEverly Brothers Homecoming/Labor Day Cruise-In\nOn Labor Day Weekend 1988, Central City began hosting The Everly Brothers Homecoming event to raise money for a scholarship fund for Muhlenberg County students. The Homecoming became a popular annual event for fourteen years, before ending in 2002.Not to be discouraged, the citizens reformed the event as a weekend long cruise-in and car show that is still held annually on Labor Day Weekend.\n\nKentucky Women's Hall of Fame, Inc.\nSponsored by the Central City Business & Professional Women's Club, the Hall of Fame is located inside the Central City Public Library, 108 E. Broad Street and features a portrait and memorabilia gallery which includes former Governor Martha Layne Collins, Country & Western music giant Loretta Lynn, and local author, editorialist, historian, war correspondent for the Service Star and noted cultivator of roses Agnes S. Harralson. Central City Library hours are Monday 9 am - 7 pm; Tuesday - Friday 9 am - 5 pm; Saturday 9 am - 1 pm. www.mcplib.org for more info; Central City BPW meets the second Tuesday of each month in the library meeting room at 6:00 pm - visitors are welcome.\n\nMuhlenberg County Rail Trail\nThe Muhlenberg County Rail Trail is a paved trail following an old Paducah and Louisville railway route between Central City and Greenville that is open to pedestrian and non-motorized vehicle traffic. Kentucky's most extensive rail trail conversion to date, the Muhlenberg Rail Trail opened October 20, 2000 and was named \"Trail of the Month\" by the Rails to Trails Conservancy in May 2004. A viewing platform and birding guide are available where the trail passes through a local wetland. The Muhlenberg County Rails to Trails Committee has obtained an additional 3 miles of abandoned rail, possibly for a later extension into McLean County.\n\nNotable residents\nTom Christerson, second recipient of an artificial heart\nT. Coleman du Pont, manager for the Central Coal & Iron Company, later president of Dupont and a Republican senator for Delaware\nDon Everly of The Everly Brothers, musician\nBernard Hickman, former head coach of the Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team\nHalley G. Maddox, US Army major general\nZiggy Sears, Major League Baseball umpire\nJim Walker, musician\nCorky Withrow, baseball player\nPassage 6:\nPlainview, Louisville\nPlainview is a neighborhood in the city of Jeffersontown, Kentucky and is located on the former site of the Plainview Dairy Farm. It is a Planned Unit Development which includes housing, workplaces, and shopping within a single development.\nPlainview is located between I-64 and Shelbyville Road east of Hurstbourne Parkway.\nThe Plainview community has many amenities; such as the Swim & Tennis Center, where there is a swim team, with competitions throughout the year. There is also a yearly yard sale.\n\nSee also\nR. C. Tway, owner of farmland that evolved into this neighborhood\nPassage 7:\nHickman, Kentucky\nHickman is a city in and the county seat of Fulton County, Kentucky, United States. Located on the Mississippi River, the city had a population of 2,365 at the 2020 U.S. census and is classified as a home rule-class city. Hickman is part of the Union City micropolitan area.\n\nHistory\nThis area was long occupied by various cultures of indigenous peoples. European-American settlement of this area did not begin until decades after the American Revolutionary War. James Mills built the first cabin on the site in 1819. The community of Mills Point was large enough to receive a post office in 1830. Around 1834, G. Marr purchased much of the surrounding area and laid out more streets.The community was renamed Hickman in 1837 after the maiden name of Marr's wife. The city was formally incorporated by the state assembly on February 18, 1841. In 1845, it became the county seat.David Walker, his wife, and their four children were lynched in Hickman in 1908 after Mr. Walker was accused of using inappropriate language with a white woman. Two floods devastated Hickman, the first in 1912 and the second in 1913.  The flood of 1912 began when a levee located near Hickman broke. Within a few hours the water had risen to the roofs of houses. The flood of 1913 began when a levee near West Hickman broke on April 4. Baseball pitcher Rube Waddell was among the many who helped save the city during both floods. Waddell came down with pneumonia after each flood; he died of tuberculosis.\n\nRegistered historic sites\nThomas Chapel C.M.E. Church is an historic African-American church on Moscow Avenue in Hickman, part of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church formed by freedmen after the American Civil War. Freedmen set up their own denomination in order to be independent of white supervision in the Methodist Church, South, which had split away from northern congregations at the outbreak of war. (In 1954 the CME changed its name to Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.) The church in Hickman was built in 1895. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.\n\nGeography\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2), of which 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) is land and 0.28% is water.\n\nClimate\nThe climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.  According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Hickman has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps.\n\nDemographics\n2020 census\nAs of the 2020 United States Census, there were 2,365 people, 752 households, and 385 families residing in the city.\n\n2000 census\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 2,560 people, 1,015 households, and 665 families residing in the city. The population density was 718.1 inhabitants per square mile (277.3/km2). There were 1,177 housing units at an average density of 330.2 per square mile (127.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 64.06% White, 34.96% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.04% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.\nThere were 1,015 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.8% were married couples living together, 22.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $21,655, and the median income for a family was $27,384. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $18,264 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,573. About 24.8% of families and 27.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.0% of those under age 18 and 18.7% of those age 65 or over.\n\nNotable people\nAmy L. Bondurant, former U.S. Ambassador to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)\nRobert Glen Coe, convicted murderer\nS.G. Goodman, singer-songwriter\nElvis Jacob Stahr Jr., President of Indiana University\n\nEducation\nHickman has a public library, a branch of the Fulton County Public Library.\nPassage 8:\nMoorland, Kentucky\nMoorland is a home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 431 as of the 2010 census.\n\nGeography\nMoorland is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′23″N 85°34′45″W (38.273020, -85.579048). It is bordered to the south, east, and west by Lyndon, and to the north by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County. It is 11 miles (18 km) east of downtown Louisville.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.09 square miles (0.24 km2), all land.\n\nDemographics\nAt the 2000 census there were 464 people in 206 households, including 127 families, in the city. The population density was 4,830.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,865.0/km2). There were 213 housing units at an average density of 2,217.4 per square mile (856.1/km2).  The racial makeup of the city was 91.81% White, 4.74% African American, 0.43% Asian, 0.22% from other races, and 2.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65%.Of the 206 households 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.3% were non-families. 32.5% of households were one person and 4.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.85.\nThe age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males.\nThe median household income was $40,469 and the median family income  was $45,096. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $25,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,092. About 1.4% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.\nPassage 9:\nMeadowbrook Farm, Kentucky\nMeadowbrook Farm is a neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is separately incorporated as a home rule-class city. The population was 136 as of the 2010 census.\n\nGeography\nMeadowbrook Farm is located in northeastern Jefferson County at 38°16′40″N 85°34′32″W (38.277772, -85.575669). It is bordered to the southwest by Lyndon, to the northeast by Meadow Vale, and on all other sides by consolidated Louisville/Jefferson County. Downtown Louisville is 12 miles (19 km) to the southwest.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Meadowbrook Farm has a total area of 0.03 square miles (0.07 km2), all land.\n\nDemographics\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 146 people, 53 households, and 41 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,828.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,864.4/km2). There were 53 housing units at an average density of 1,752.9 per square mile (676.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.78% White, 7.53% African American, and 0.68% from two or more races.\nThere were 53 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.9% were married couples living together, 5.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.12.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 36.3% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $63,542, and the median income for a family was $63,958. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,980. There were 4.4% of families and 5.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 2.9% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.\nPassage 10:\nCorbin, Kentucky\nCorbin is a home rule-class city in Whitley, Knox and Laurel counties in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,856. \nCorbin is on Interstate 75 and US Route 25W, about halfway between Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lexington.\n\nHistory\nThe first settlement in the Corbin area was known as Lynn Camp Station. The first post office was called Cummins, for community founder Nelson Cummins. It was discovered in 1885 that both Cummins and Lynn Camp were already in use as names for Kentucky post offices, and postmaster James Eaton was asked to select another name. He chose Corbin for the Rev. James Corbin Floyd, a local minister. The town was incorporated under that name in 1905.\nCorbin has a troubled racial past, including a race riot in late October 1919 in which a white mob forced nearly all the town's 200 black residents onto a freight train out of town and a sundown town policy until the late 20th century. The event is the subject of a 1991 documentary, Trouble Behind. In October 2019, city leaders marked the riot's centennial with a proclamation acknowledging the riot and former sundown town policy.For most of its history, the urbanized areas of Corbin in Laurel County were not incorporated into the city limits due to a state law prohibiting cities from being in more than two counties. However, a 2021 change to state law allowed cities to voluntarily annex property in a third county if the city already provides public infrastructure to that property. In March 2022, the Corbin City Commission approved an annexation request for a property in Laurel County.\n\nGeography\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, Corbin has a total area of 7.9 sq mi (20 km2), with only a tiny fraction of 0.044 sq mi (0.11 km2), or 0.56%, consisting of water.\nCorbin lies in the Cumberland Plateau region of Appalachia in southeastern Kentucky, along Interstate 75 and U.S. Route 25W. I-75 provides access to the city from exit 25, leading north 89 miles (143 km) to Lexington and south 86 miles (138 km) to Knoxville, Tennessee. U.S. 25W runs through the center of town, leading north 14 miles (23 km) to London (via U.S. Route 25) and south 21 miles (34 km) to Williamsburg.\nThe Pine Mountain Overthrust Fault, a geologic fault system several miles to the east, produces occasional tremors, the most recent in 2008.\n\nClimate\nCorbin exhibits a humid subtropical climate, typical of southeastern Kentucky. The region experiences four distinct seasons. Winters are cool to cold, with mild periods. Summers are generally hot and humid, with variable spring and fall seasons. Precipitation is common year-round but more prevalent in the summer months—the surrounding mountains somewhat moderate Corbin's climate.\n\nDemographics\nCorbin is in the London, Kentucky micropolitan area, whose current boundaries were established in 2013 by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget in coordination with the United States Census Bureau. Previously, the London micropolitan area had consisted solely of Laurel County, while the Whitley County portion of Corbin was the principal city of its own micropolitan area that consisted solely of that county. Both entities were in turn the components of a statistical entity officially known as the \"Corbin–London, KY Combined Statistical Area\". The CSA had a combined population of 94,486 at the 2010 census. The Knox County portion of Corbin was outside the former Corbin–London statistical area but is now included in the redefined London micropolitan area.\nAs of the 2010 census there were 7,304 people, 3,093 households, and 1,903 families residing in the city. The population density was 920.1 inhabitants per square mile (355.3/km2). There were 3,507 housing units at an average density of 441.8 per square mile (170.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.41% White (96.69% non-Hispanic), 0.26% African American, 0.31% Native American or Alaska Native, 0.64% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. No Pacific Islanders lived in the city in 2010. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.19% of the population.\nThere were 3,093 households, out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27, and the average family size was 2.91.\nThe age distribution was 22.5% under 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.8 males.\nIncome data from the 2010 Census for Kentucky locations have not yet been released. As of the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the city was $22,203. The median income for a family was $32,784. Males had a median income of $27,323 versus $17,568 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,200. About 15.5% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.\n\nEconomy\nInitially provided by L&N Railroad, rail transport was the backbone of the local economy in the first half of the 20th century. While the railroad (presently CSX) continues to play an important role, the decline of the rail industry in the latter half of the 20th century, as well as the loss of some manufacturing jobs, has prompted the community to begin diversifying its economy.\n\nCulture\nEach year in early August, Corbin hosts a festival called NIBROC (Corbin spelled backward) featuring open-air concerts, carnival attractions, a beauty pageant, parade, and other events. The festival is featured, if anachronistically, in the play Last Train to Nibroc by Arlene Hutton. (Though the play is set in the 1940s, the festival itself only dates to 1952.) NIBROC often features free performances by popular musical acts such as 38 Special, Foghat, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Kansas, The Marshall Tucker Band, Percy Sledge, Rick Springfield, Starship, Styx and The Turtles. In episode 10 of the American reality-documentary television series On the Road with Austin & Santino on Lifetime entitled \"We Love a Parade\", the fashion designers visit Corbin to custom-design a dress for a local woman participating in the NIBROC parade.\nDespite being in dry counties (Knox and Whitley), the city of Corbin allows full retail alcohol sales, following a successful local option election on February 14, 2012. The city had previously voted in 2004 to allow sales of alcohol by the drink in larger restaurants.Corbin has an association with Kentucky Fried Chicken, having been the location of the chain's first restaurant, opened in 1930. Corbin appears in the animated cartoon South Park's episode \"Medicinal Fried Chicken\", wherein Eric Cartman visits the town to meet with Harland Sanders. Corbin is depicted as located in a lush rain forest in a parody of the 1983 film Scarface, wherein Tony Montana and Omar Suarez visit Bolivia to meet with a drug kingpin.\n\nGovernment\nCorbin is governed by a mayor and city commission and a city manager who runs the departments' day-to-day operations. Currently, Marlon Sams is the city manager. Since it does not have a mayor/alderman form of government, Corbin is considered home rule-class under Kentucky's city classification system that took effect in 2015. Susie Razmus is the current mayor. Trent Knuckles, David Grigsby Hart, Ed Tye, and Andrew Pennington are its four current commissioners.Corbin is one of the few cities in Kentucky that lie in two counties—Whitley and Knox. Many built-up areas in neighboring Laurel County have a Corbin postal address but lie outside the city limits. This arrangement has created some problems with taxes and census records. The city receives a portion of the occupational tax collected in Whitley County. However, Knox County has refused to give Corbin any tax collected there. On March 10, 2008, the City Commission voted to file a lawsuit against Knox County to receive a portion of the tax collected within city limits. On May 23, 2014, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that the \"Stivers amendment\", passed as part of KY HB 499 \"Tax Amnesty\" legislation in 2012, did not violate the state's constitution. The measure essentially canceled the effect of court rulings that would have enabled Corbin to keep all the revenue from the tax generated inside the city limits. Corbin's mayor, Willard McBurney, vowed to carry the fight to the state Supreme Court.Corbin is in Kentucky's 5th congressional district.\n\nEducation\nCorbin, like many communities of its size in southeastern Kentucky, has an independent school system (in Kentucky, a public school system not affiliated with a county; most such districts are associated with individual cities). The district was officially established in 1916, and the 100th class graduated in 2017. The Corbin Independent School District includes:\n\nCorbin Preschool Center\nCorbin Primary (grades K-3)\nCorbin Elementary (grades 4–5) (Currently housed by the newest building in the district after a complete remodeling of the former Middle School.\nCorbin Middle (grades 6–8)\nCorbin High (grades 9–12) (Currently housed by the oldest building in the district)\nCorbin School Of InnovationThe community and school system place considerable emphasis on the success of academics and high school athletic teams. Corbin \"Redhound\" sports are important social events within the community.\nIn 2004, Eastern Kentucky University opened an extension campus in Corbin.\nThe annual Battle for the Brass Lantern, a college football rivalry game between the University of the Cumberlands and Union College, was played at Corbin High School's stadium in 2006 and 2007, as a neutral field roughly equidistant from the two campuses. The rivalry dates to 1905.Corbin was formerly home to Saint Camillus Academy, a private pre-K-8 Catholic school affiliated with the Diocese of Lexington. Established in 1908 by the Sisters of Divine Providence, the school has been successful as both a boarding school for national and international students and as a Montessori school. Its original schoolhouse, built in 1913, was demolished in summer 2008. The new school building is still situated atop a prominent hill overlooking the town, providing a striking backdrop to the streets of downtown Corbin. The school closed in 2012 after 99 years of service. The property and grounds of the school were sold to the Corbin School System to house a new Corbin Middle School due to the rapidly increasing student population and age of the current building.\nCorbin has a lending library, the Corbin Public Library.\n\nTransportation\nCorbin straddles Interstate 75 and U.S. Highway 25 (which splits into US 25E and US 25W in North Corbin). The town is served by the CSX rail line.\n\nSites of interest\nCumberland Falls State Resort Park, the site of a waterfall, one of the few in the Western Hemisphere that regularly produces a moonbow, is 19 miles (31 km) to the southwest.\nHarland Sanders Café and Museum, the birthplace of Kentucky Fried Chicken (though not sold as the KFC/Kentucky Fried Chicken brand at the time), is located in North Corbin. The restaurant and accompanying museum are popular with tour groups traveling along Interstate 75.\nThe Arena at the Southeastern Kentucky Ag and Expo Complex, a multi-purpose venue on top of a hill across from the Baptist Regional Medical Center, sits above the Corbin Center. This multi-purpose education center also houses the Corbin Tourism office.\nNearby Laurel River Lake, created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1974, is a popular recreational site for boating, fishing, water skiing, and scuba diving.\nCumberland Gap and Cumberland Gap National Historical Park are about 50 miles (80 km) south of Corbin on U.S. Highway 25E at the Tennessee border.\n\nMedia\nNewspapers\nThe Times-Tribune, a Tuesday And Thursday newspaper\nNews Journal, weekly newspaper covering both Corbin (headquarters) and the Whitley County, Kentucky, area including Williamsburg\n\nRadio\nWCTT AM 680 (Great 68; Oldies)\nWKDP AM 1330\nWEKF FM 88.5 (Eastern Ky Univ. affiliate)\nWVCT FM 91.5 (Gospel Eagle; Southern Gospel)\nWKDP FM 99.5 (Country)\nWCTT FM 107.3 (T-107; Adult Contemporary)\nWRHR-LPFM 95.3 (also known as Corbin's Own Red 95.3; broadcast by Corbin High School)\n\nTV\nWVTN (Channel 22 Time Warner Cable) - religious; broadcast from Corbin with local and regional churches and religious syndicated programs part of the radio station WVCT 91.5\nRBS (Channel 18 Time Warner Cable) - Corbin school district information broadcasting the WRHR radio station Red 95.3\nYHC (Channel 21 on Time Warner Cable) - broadcasts local and regional business infomercials and runs on-screen ads playing Contemporary Christian Music\n\nNotable people\nRodger Bird, football player\nEnsley A. Carpenter, doctor, once lived in Corbin, for whom the town of Carpenter, Kentucky was named\nTed Cremer, football player\nDebbie Dean, pop singer, first white solo artist signed to Motown Records\nRichie Farmer, politician and former basketball player\nRoy Kidd, retired football coach, member of the College Football Hall of Fame, former head coach of Eastern Kentucky University football; was born, raised, and currently resides here\nArthur Lake, actor who played Dagwood Bumstead in the Blondie movies\nRonni Lundy, food and music writer, cookbook author, and Southern Foodways Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award winner\nGeorge McAfee, WW2 Veteran, football player, NFL Hall of Fame inductee.\nDan Neal, football player\nColonel Harland Sanders, entrepreneur and founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant chain\nFrank Selvy, basketball player\nB. F. Shelton, old-timey banjo player\nJarrett Stidham, quarterback for Baylor University, Auburn University and the New England Patriots.\nTrent Taylor, NFL wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers and Cincinnati Bengals, in college for Louisiana Tech, lived in Corbin as a child, from age 2 through the end of second grade\nMabel Martin Wyrick, writer",6  "char_len": 51987,7  "document_hash": "9779be246fb921242473d22112577b4484c9f693a9d8a667ba53230d0e0c1969",8  "questions": [9    {10      "question_id": "q00",11      "qtype": "hotpotqa",12      "question": "What rule-class city of 26,595 contains the neighborhood Plainview?"13    }14  ]15}