1A1 primary: Y1 $\sim$ P + FE & P\_main\_z & 0.196$^{***}$ & 0.056 & 127 \\2A2: Y1 $\sim$ P + X + FE & P\_main\_z & 0.204$^{**}$ & 0.085 & 87 \\3A3: Y1 $\sim$ P + D + K + X + FE (P given components) & P\_main\_z & 0.204$^{**}$ & 0.083 & 87 \\4B1 baseline D only & D\_pc1\_z & 0.257$^{*}$ & 0.138 & 94 \\5B2 baseline K only & K\_mean\_z & -0.034 & 0.195 & 93 \\6B3 baseline complexity PC1 & complexity\_pc1\_z & -0.010 & 0.240 & 100 \\7B4 baseline persistence & prior\_crisis\_nga & 0.345 & 0.242 & 100 \\8B5 D and K separately & D\_pc1\_z & 0.341$^{**}$ & 0.164 & 87 \\9B5 D and K separately & K\_mean\_z & -0.213 & 0.193 & 87 \\10Placebo: P built with production infrastructure instead of K & P\_placebo & 0.257$^{*}$ & 0.138 & 94 \\11A1b: Y1b $\sim$ P + region FE (logit, HC1; era FE dropped: separation) & P\_main\_z & -0.178 & 0.203 & 123 \\12A2b: Y1b $\sim$ P + X + region FE (logit, HC1) & P\_main\_z & 0.184 & 0.324 & 86 \\13A3b: Y1b $\sim$ P (logit, HC1, no FE) & P\_main\_z & -0.068 & 0.180 & 123 \\14Exploratory: reform consequences $\sim$ P + X + FE & P\_main\_z & -0.015 & 0.181 & 86 \\15