1A1 primary: Y1 $\sim$ P + FE & P\_main\_z & 0.196$^{***}$ & 0.056 & 127 \\2A2: Y1 $\sim$ P + X + FE & P\_main\_z & 0.243$^{***}$ & 0.086 & 93 \\3A3: Y1 $\sim$ P + complexity PC1 + X + FE & P\_main\_z & 0.243$^{***}$ & 0.087 & 93 \\4B1 baseline D only & D\_pc1\_z & 0.416$^{**}$ & 0.173 & 93 \\5B2 baseline K only & K\_mean\_z & 0.041 & 0.248 & 93 \\6B3 baseline complexity PC1 & complexity\_pc1\_z & 0.078 & 0.313 & 93 \\7B4 baseline persistence & prior\_crisis\_nga & 0.373$^{*}$ & 0.202 & 93 \\8B5 D and K separately & D\_pc1\_z & 0.440$^{***}$ & 0.170 & 93 \\9B5 D and K separately & K\_mean\_z & -0.126 & 0.188 & 93 \\10B5 Wald test of beta\_D + beta\_K = 0 (restriction implied by P) & D+K & 0.314 & 0.257 & 93 \\11Placebo: P built with production infrastructure instead of K (X = warfare only) & P\_placebo & 0.192 & 0.166 & 93 \\12Placebo comparison: P with the same controls (X = warfare only) & P\_main\_z & 0.290$^{***}$ & 0.079 & 93 \\13A1b: Y1b $\sim$ P + region FE (logit, HC1; era FE dropped: separation) & P\_main\_z & -0.178 & 0.203 & 123 \\14A2b: Y1b $\sim$ P + X + region FE (logit, HC1) & P\_main\_z & 0.254 & 0.316 & 91 \\15A3b: Y1b $\sim$ P (logit, HC1, no FE) & P\_main\_z & -0.068 & 0.180 & 123 \\16Exploratory: reform consequences $\sim$ P + X + FE & P\_main\_z & -0.013 & 0.164 & 91 \\17