1\begin{tabular}{lrrrl}2\toprule3Engine & median total (s) & 95\% CI & bars / s & notes \\4\midrule5RAID cpu & 0.118 & [0.097, 0.128] & 20.0M & Arrow projection, exact calendar, 5 measures \\6RAID metal & 0.125 & [0.101, 0.134] & 19.0M & same, fused Metal kernel \\7polars & 0.165 & [0.146, 0.172] & 14.4M & approximate early-close rule, lazy scan \\8duckdb & 0.164 & [0.158, 0.165] & 14.5M & approximate early-close rule, SQL window \\9pandas & 2.558 & [2.355, 2.634] & 0.9M & approximate early-close rule, groupby.apply \\10\bottomrule11\end{tabular}