1% generated by tables/make_tables.py from /Users/simon-pierreboucher/Desktop/UQO/Recherche/Recherche-UQO/informatique/wp44/literature_synthesis/agent_E/contributions.csv2\begin{longtable}{lrrrrrrr}3\caption{The 234 AI/ML landmark candidates with the specialist's contribution type and data-quality flag (titles in literature_synthesis/agent_E/contributions.csv).}\label{tab:ai_landmarks}\\4\toprule5\textbf{OpenAlex id} & \textbf{Year} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Category} & \textbf{c36} & \textbf{NCS36} & \textbf{Contribution} & \textbf{Flag} \\6\midrule7\endfirsthead8\toprule9\textbf{OpenAlex id} & \textbf{Year} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Category} & \textbf{c36} & \textbf{NCS36} & \textbf{Contribution} & \textbf{Flag} \\10\midrule11\endhead127172491899 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 3{,}026 & 3367.3 & engineering & identifier\_mismatch \\137154011589 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 2{,}847 & 3168.1 & empirical & identifier\_mismatch \\144362515116 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 1{,}549 & 1723.7 & survey & ok \\154288253152 & 2024 & dissertation & Large language models & 364 & 3102.1 & engineering & normalisation\_artefact \\164322718191 & 2023 & preprint & Large language models & 3{,}629 & 1206.5 & engineering & ok \\174323655724 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 4{,}227 & 990.7 & survey & ok \\184367369313 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 261 & 290.4 & survey & ok \\194226278401 & 2022 & preprint & Large language models & 3{,}077 & 894.2 & method & identifier\_mismatch \\204396531244 & 2024 & dissertation & Large language models & 20 & 778.8 & engineering & normalisation\_artefact \\214221143046 & 2022 & preprint & Large language models & 2{,}465 & 716.4 & theory & identifier\_mismatch \\224327810158 & 2023 & preprint & Large language models & 1{,}968 & 654.3 & engineering & abstract\_mismatch \\237135096569 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 183 & 203.6 & empirical & ok \\244414281281 & 2025 & article & Large language models & 1{,}099 & 374.4 & method & ok \\254389437528 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 2{,}361 & 553.4 & survey & ok \\264292779060 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 13{,}333 & 534.7 & theory & identifier\_mismatch \\274360836968 & 2023 & preprint & Large language models & 1{,}420 & 472.1 & empirical & ok \\284406800520 & 2025 & article & Large language models & 914 & 311.4 & survey & no\_abstract \\294385223296 & 2023 & book-chapter & Large language models & 612 & 421.3 & survey & no\_abstract \\304287689466 & 2025 & conference-paper & Large language models & 722 & 548.6 & empirical & identifier\_mismatch \\314366420437 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 1{,}541 & 361.2 & survey & ok \\324317910584 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 1{,}530 & 358.6 & survey & ok \\334313564799 & 2023 & preprint & Large language models & 811 & 335.9 & empirical & no\_abstract \\344382618722 & 2026 & article & Large language models & 94 & 98.9 & engineering & ok \\354384464487 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 1{,}398 & 327.7 & empirical & ok \\364392773210 & 2024 & article & Large language models & 1{,}085 & 326.7 & survey & ok \\374387355843 & 2026 & book-chapter & Foundation models & 197 & 188.6 & method & ok \\384392947521 & 2024 & article & Foundation models & 1{,}505 & 186.9 & method & no\_abstract \\397124890304 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 42 & 46.5 & method & no\_abstract \\404410551352 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 249 & 69.7 & method & ok \\414322832366 & 2026 & conference-paper & Foundation models & 35 & 126.3 & method & ok \\427133233472 & 2023 & conference-paper & Foundation models & 532 & 122.7 & method & ok \\432990704537 & 2019 & article & Foundation models & 668 & 101.6 & benchmark & ok \\447125271461 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 25 & 70.6 & engineering & ok \\457119541039 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 24 & 26.7 & theory & ok \\464393138529 & 2024 & preprint & Foundation models & 95 & 82.9 & survey & ok \\474390690043 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 22 & 10.0 & survey & ok \\487128029160 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 20 & 22.3 & method & ok \\494402220065 & 2024 & article & Foundation models & 562 & 69.8 & method & no\_abstract \\507118170538 & 2026 & article & Foundation models & 17 & 17.9 & survey & ok \\514411932262 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 110 & 26.9 & method & ok \\524411099958 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 108 & 18.4 & method & ok \\534361229539 & 2023 & preprint & Foundation models & 161 & 53.5 & method & ok \\544407135816 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 103 & 6.9 & survey & ok \\554385948838 & 2023 & article & Foundation models & 471 & 49.1 & method & no\_abstract \\564406643700 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 91 & 19.1 & survey & ok \\574406472599 & 2025 & article & Foundation models & 86 & 29.3 & survey & no\_abstract \\584393153153 & 2024 & conference-paper & Foundation models & 113 & 41.8 & method & ok \\594402727669 & 2024 & conference-paper & Foundation models & 184 & 38.6 & method & ok \\604401397240 & 2024 & article & Foundation models & 325 & 38.5 & method & no\_abstract \\614385285835 & 2023 & preprint & Foundation models & 107 & 35.6 & method & ok \\624318718936 & 2023 & preprint & Multimodal AI & 875 & 273.1 & method & ok \\634393148714 & 2024 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 923 & 193.7 & method & ok \\644396599905 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 48 & 128.7 & survey & ok \\654396952261 & 2024 & book-chapter & Multimodal AI & 189 & 147.2 & survey & no\_abstract \\667133250524 & 2022 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 828 & 111.9 & benchmark & no\_abstract \\674392947532 & 2024 & article & Multimodal AI & 938 & 111.1 & method & no\_abstract \\687138474371 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 31 & 159.4 & method & ok \\697127319731 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 29 & 77.7 & method & ok \\702619383789 & 2018 & article & Multimodal AI & 587 & 103.1 & survey & ok \\717148475777 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 26 & 73.2 & empirical & ok \\727160627408 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 23 & 193.4 & method & ok \\732995460200 & 2020 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 670 & 81.1 & method & ok \\744415913530 & 2025 & article & Multimodal AI & 157 & 53.5 & method & ok \\754289785095 & 2022 & preprint & Multimodal AI & 366 & 79.4 & method & ok \\767125233009 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 22 & 24.5 & method & ok \\777143512276 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 21 & 23.4 & survey & ok \\784413447271 & 2025 & article & Multimodal AI & 142 & 46.4 & method & ok \\797131830459 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 20 & 142.1 & survey & ok \\807206206818 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 18 & 48.2 & method & ok \\817133220561 & 2023 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 454 & 63.4 & method & no\_abstract \\827164501397 & 2026 & article & Multimodal AI & 17 & 45.6 & empirical & ok \\837165561001 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 17 & 143.0 & method & no\_abstract \\847138470740 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 17 & 130.5 & method & ok \\857138363754 & 2026 & conference-paper & Multimodal AI & 17 & 130.5 & method & ok \\864410882873 & 2025 & article & Multimodal AI & 119 & 7.9 & survey & ok \\874400228804 & 2024 & dissertation & Generative AI & 2 & 540.0 & empirical & normalisation\_artefact \\887124262017 & 2026 & book & Generative AI & 87 & 783.7 & survey & ok \\894406472463 & 2025 & article & Generative AI & 498 & 77.1 & method & ok \\907123342962 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 66 & 176.9 & method & ok \\914383312437 & 2023 & article & Generative AI & 988 & 231.6 & empirical & ok \\927133185348 & 2022 & conference-paper & Generative AI & 1{,}706 & 230.5 & method & no\_abstract \\933195296536 & 2020 & dissertation & Generative AI & 48 & 221.7 & method & no\_abstract \\944322617812 & 2023 & article & Generative AI & 873 & 204.6 & theory & ok \\953096831136 & 2020 & article & Generative AI & 1{,}473 & 198.6 & survey & ok \\964400770292 & 2024 & preprint & Generative AI & 198 & 174.2 & empirical & no\_abstract \\977127274868 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 48 & 341.0 & empirical & ok \\987124974472 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 42 & 46.7 & empirical & ok \\997118187240 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 40 & 44.5 & engineering & off\_scope \\1004406199489 & 2025 & article & Generative AI & 278 & 241.4 & survey & ok \\1014398243313 & 2024 & article & Generative AI & 463 & 139.4 & survey & ok \\1024409269614 & 2025 & review & Generative AI & 271 & 14.2 & survey & ok \\1033193917007 & 2021 & book-chapter & Generative AI & 195 & 127.1 & survey & ok \\1044288099666 & 2022 & preprint & Generative AI & 575 & 124.8 & method & ok \\1054394934695 & 2024 & article & Generative AI & 394 & 118.6 & empirical & ok \\1064321648656 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 33 & 88.5 & survey & ok \\1074395957952 & 2023 & book & Generative AI & 400 & 116.7 & survey & no\_abstract \\1084394863715 & 2024 & preprint & Generative AI & 131 & 114.3 & empirical & no\_abstract \\1094407778399 & 2025 & article & Generative AI & 213 & 184.9 & empirical & ok \\1107124432017 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 30 & 213.1 & theory & ok \\1117140170686 & 2026 & article & Generative AI & 30 & 213.1 & empirical & ok \\1124406728221 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 694 & 236.4 & survey & ok \\1137161734976 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 62 & 175.1 & engineering & ok \\1147135409568 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 52 & 23.7 & survey & ok \\1157134187809 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 46 & 129.9 & theory & off\_scope \\1164390730779 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 44 & 49.0 & survey & ok \\1174225355126 & 2022 & book-chapter & AI agents & 268 & 143.6 & survey & no\_abstract \\1184407570917 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 40 & 44.5 & engineering & ok \\1194410197190 & 2025 & review & AI agents & 267 & 33.1 & survey & ok \\1204413427262 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 258 & 87.9 & survey & ok \\1214414991289 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 31 & 23.9 & engineering & ok \\1227122857583 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 30 & 33.4 & theory & ok \\1234401023556 & 2024 & conference-paper & AI agents & 371 & 103.1 & survey & ok \\1244414023998 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 189 & 64.4 & survey & ok \\1257118083939 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 26 & 32.7 & theory & ok \\1264412505619 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 181 & 61.7 & survey & ok \\1274416209823 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 165 & 56.2 & survey & ok \\1287155930820 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 23 & 80.7 & theory & off\_scope \\1297162257503 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 22 & 77.2 & theory & off\_scope \\1304412709685 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 150 & 33.5 & engineering & no\_abstract \\1317128165235 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 21 & 23.4 & theory & ok \\1327118190454 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 21 & 22.2 & survey & ok \\1337130481397 & 2026 & article & AI agents & 21 & 9.6 & benchmark & ok \\1344390638955 & 2024 & article & AI agents & 240 & 72.3 & survey & off\_scope \\1354412203333 & 2025 & article & AI agents & 139 & 47.4 & survey & ok \\1364399982941 & 2024 & dissertation & AI agents & 8 & 68.2 & theory & normalisation\_artefact \\1372911283634 & 2020 & book-chapter & Reinforcement learning & 532 & 276.0 & survey & no\_abstract \\1384389473504 & 2023 & dissertation & Reinforcement learning & 28 & 232.9 & method & ok \\1392964083594 & 2025 & conference-paper & Reinforcement learning & 414 & 367.9 & empirical & year\_implausible \\1402098774185 & 2018 & article & Reinforcement learning & 1{,}077 & 203.3 & method & year\_implausible \\1411591675293 & 2025 & book-chapter & Reinforcement learning & 395 & 665.0 & method & year\_implausible \\1427123365826 & 2026 & article & Reinforcement learning & 55 & 155.3 & theory & off\_scope \\1432991046523 & 2021 & book-chapter & Reinforcement learning & 530 & 178.4 & survey & no\_abstract \\1442973229164 & 2019 & dissertation & Reinforcement learning & 47 & 171.2 & method & ok \\1452982316857 & 2019 & article & Reinforcement learning & 1{,}021 & 155.2 & engineering & no\_abstract \\1462902907165 & 2018 & article & Reinforcement learning & 733 & 138.3 & method & ok \\1477133481537 & 2026 & article & Reinforcement learning & 35 & 122.9 & theory & off\_scope \\1487133226216 & 2022 & conference-paper & Reinforcement learning & 482 & 95.8 & empirical & ok \\1493041807988 & 2020 & article & Reinforcement learning & 322 & 93.8 & theory & off\_scope \\1502781726626 & 2018 & preprint & Reinforcement learning & 775 & 90.8 & method & ok \\1512963923407 & 2018 & article & Reinforcement learning & 472 & 89.1 & method & ok \\1527122543576 & 2026 & article & Reinforcement learning & 25 & 70.6 & theory & off\_scope \\1532899138465 & 2018 & dissertation & Reinforcement learning & 20 & 88.6 & method & ok \\1544391631327 & 2024 & preprint & Reinforcement learning & 99 & 86.4 & empirical & identifier\_mismatch \\1554409147637 & 2025 & article & Reinforcement learning & 170 & 57.9 & method & ok \\1562895974005 & 2018 & dissertation & Reinforcement learning & 18 & 79.8 & empirical & normalisation\_artefact \\1577134057781 & 2026 & article & Reinforcement learning & 21 & 23.4 & engineering & ok \\1582754517384 & 2018 & conference-paper & Reinforcement learning & 452 & 70.0 & empirical & ok \\1592761873684 & 2018 & conference-paper & Reinforcement learning & 442 & 68.4 & method & ok \\1607133208539 & 2023 & conference-paper & Reinforcement learning & 293 & 67.6 & method & no\_abstract \\1617128436456 & 2026 & article & Reinforcement learning & 19 & 21.0 & survey & ok \\1622962862931 & 2024 & conference-paper & ML theory & 12{,}586 & 3498.4 & method & identifier\_mismatch \\1631698155719 & 2020 & book-chapter & ML theory & 1{,}212 & 971.7 & survey & ok \\1644288283362 & 2026 & article & ML theory & 174 & 576.9 & method & normalisation\_artefact \\16546659105 & 2020 & preprint & ML theory & 3{,}906 & 608.2 & theory & abstract\_mismatch \\1663145506661 & 2019 & book-chapter & ML theory & 1{,}581 & 491.8 & survey & no\_abstract \\1672291445757 & 2024 & book-chapter & ML theory & 769 & 426.8 & survey & ok \\1682100415632 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 116 & 667.5 & theory & year\_implausible \\1691568555062 & 2022 & book-chapter & ML theory & 576 & 308.7 & theory & ok \\1702751318774 & 2019 & book-chapter & ML theory & 978 & 304.2 & survey & ok \\1713208688400 & 2021 & book-chapter & ML theory & 833 & 280.5 & survey & no\_abstract \\1723105488314 & 2020 & dissertation & ML theory & 59 & 272.4 & theory & no\_abstract \\17357706852 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 72 & 414.3 & theory & year\_implausible \\1742946444988 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 68 & 2646.0 & method & year\_implausible \\1752945976633 & 2019 & article & ML theory & 1{,}556 & 236.6 & theory & no\_abstract \\1764400823820 & 2024 & article & ML theory & 782 & 235.4 & survey & ok \\1772999309192 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}781 & 222.8 & theory & ok \\1782999615587 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}767 & 221.0 & method & no\_abstract \\1792439568532 & 2018 & article & ML theory & 1{,}085 & 204.8 & theory & ok \\1803194464139 & 2020 & dissertation & ML theory & 21 & 197.5 & engineering & normalisation\_artefact \\1813041133507 & 2020 & article & ML theory & 1{,}538 & 192.4 & survey & ok \\1822436219157 & 2018 & article & ML theory & 956 & 180.4 & survey & ok \\1833135028703 & 2021 & article & ML theory & 1{,}518 & 176.9 & survey & no\_abstract \\1847124426637 & 2026 & article & ML theory & 46 & 51.2 & survey & ok \\1852165856466 & 2026 & preprint & ML theory & 45 & 259.0 & theory & year\_implausible \\1864402843978 & 2020 & report & ML theory & 455 & 158.3 & survey & ok \\1872964121744 & 2026 & article & DL architectures & 45{,}775 & 50938.5 & engineering & identifier\_mismatch \\1881710476689 & 2022 & book-chapter & DL architectures & 2{,}385 & 1018.2 & survey & ok \\1894322614756 & 2025 & conference-paper & DL architectures & 1{,}542 & 1370.5 & method & identifier\_mismatch \\1902963399829 & 2024 & preprint & DL architectures & 773 & 674.3 & method & year\_implausible \\1914382203079 & 2023 & conference-paper & DL architectures & 2{,}278 & 621.0 & empirical & ok \\1924406170795 & 2025 & article & DL architectures & 974 & 331.8 & method & ok \\193146900863 & 2018 & book-chapter & DL architectures & 999 & 464.0 & survey & no\_abstract \\1944396821501 & 2024 & preprint & DL architectures & 531 & 463.2 & method & ok \\1952950067852 & 2026 & preprint & DL architectures & 119 & 4630.6 & method & year\_implausible \\1964221150249 & 2026 & article & DL architectures & 107 & 119.1 & survey & ok \\1977148890333 & 2026 & article & DL architectures & 102 & 113.0 & method & no\_abstract \\1983177318507 & 2021 & conference-paper & DL architectures & 1{,}344 & 315.3 & method & ok \\1994389326242 & 2023 & preprint & DL architectures & 912 & 303.2 & method & ok \\2007118302872 & 2026 & article & DL architectures & 85 & 87.6 & method & ok \\2013137147200 & 2022 & book-chapter & DL architectures & 698 & 298.0 & survey & ok \\2023140854437 & 2021 & article & DL architectures & 2{,}452 & 293.1 & survey & ok \\2034210257598 & 2020 & article & DL architectures & 2{,}239 & 280.0 & survey & ok \\2042907492528 & 2020 & article & DL architectures & 2{,}230 & 278.9 & survey & ok \\2053152893301 & 2020 & article & DL architectures & 2{,}023 & 253.0 & survey & ok \\2067110333790 & 2025 & article & DL architectures & 496 & 169.0 & method & identifier\_mismatch \\2074385763767 & 2023 & conference-paper & DL architectures & 921 & 251.1 & survey & ok \\2083124006607 & 2026 & conference-paper & DL architectures & 69 & 529.6 & method & year\_implausible \\2094285723986 & 2020 & book-chapter & DL architectures & 471 & 244.4 & survey & no\_abstract \\2102892035503 & 2019 & article & DL architectures & 908 & 192.7 & survey & no\_abstract \\2112962776659 & 2024 & preprint & DL architectures & 212 & 184.9 & empirical & year\_implausible \\2124406063062 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 534 & 74.5 & survey & ok \\2137130596601 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 65 & 29.6 & survey & ok \\2143084163594 & 2020 & article & AI safety and alignment & 775 & 225.7 & survey & off\_scope \\2152963808661 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety and alignment & 390 & 126.3 & engineering & identifier\_mismatch \\2167133236347 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 51 & 44.5 & survey & ok \\2177128782475 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 51 & 23.2 & empirical & ok \\2184406571986 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 347 & 301.3 & empirical & ok \\2192981731882 & 2019 & article & AI safety and alignment & 1{,}097 & 166.8 & survey & no\_abstract \\2204402698709 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 44 & 38.4 & survey & ok \\2214408314709 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 303 & 42.3 & survey & ok \\2224407243994 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 300 & 41.8 & theory & ok \\2234330336443 & 2023 & preprint & AI safety and alignment & 495 & 146.6 & empirical & abstract\_mismatch \\2247128600296 & 2026 & review & AI safety and alignment & 41 & 12.8 & survey & ok \\2254399450035 & 2024 & conference-paper & AI safety and alignment & 359 & 138.5 & empirical & ok \\2264318586239 & 2023 & book-chapter & AI safety and alignment & 247 & 136.6 & survey & ok \\2274360615722 & 2023 & article & AI safety and alignment & 557 & 130.5 & theory & ok \\2282670253439 & 2018 & article & AI safety and alignment & 676 & 127.6 & survey & no\_abstract \\2297118631510 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 35 & 38.9 & method & no\_abstract \\2307127143535 & 2026 & article & AI safety and alignment & 33 & 50.0 & empirical & no\_abstract \\2314409249263 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 218 & 14.5 & survey & ok \\2324366262984 & 2023 & article & AI safety and alignment & 1{,}197 & 109.9 & survey & ok \\2332969896603 & 2021 & article & AI safety and alignment & 1{,}794 & 102.3 & survey & ok \\2344406152291 & 2025 & article & AI safety and alignment & 199 & 67.8 & empirical & ok \\2354410609100 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety and alignment & 193 & 171.5 & method & ok \\2364411542009 & 2025 & conference-paper & AI safety and alignment & 191 & 61.8 & empirical & ok \\2374360620450 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 3{,}137 & 113.5 & survey & ok \\2383185341429 & 2022 & article & Large language models & 2{,}462 & 253.7 & survey & ok \\2394384071683 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 2{,}448 & 38.1 & benchmark & ok \\2404384918448 & 2023 & preprint & Large language models & 2{,}431 & 88.5 & empirical & identifier\_mismatch \\2414393065402 & 2024 & article & Large language models & 1{,}820 & 226.1 & survey & ok \\2424319083882 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 1{,}590 & 146.0 & theory & no\_abstract \\2434399790131 & 2024 & review & AI safety and alignment & 1{,}484 & 81.8 & survey & ok \\2443133702157 & 2021 & conference-paper & Large language models & 1{,}464 & 232.1 & theory & ok \\2454321499901 & 2023 & article & Large language models & 1{,}389 & 325.5 & empirical & ok \\246\bottomrule247\multicolumn{8}{p{0.95\linewidth}}{\footnotesize Selection score and windows as in Part IV (Section~\ref{sec:m-score}); c36 and NCS36 as stored in the landmark file.}\\248\end{longtable}249