1% generated by tables/make_tables.py from ./results/bibliometrics/category_actors_yearly.csv2\begin{longtable}{lrrrrrrrrrr}3\caption{Shares of works with a China-affiliated author, a United States-affiliated author, a company affiliation and authors in at least two countries, by primary category and period (per cent).}\label{tab:net_category_actors}\\4\toprule5\textbf{Category} & \textbf{Works, base} & \textbf{Works, post} & \textbf{CN, base} & \textbf{CN, post} & \textbf{US, base} & \textbf{US, post} & \textbf{Comp., base} & \textbf{Comp., post} & \textbf{Intl., base} & \textbf{Intl., post} \\6\midrule7\endfirsthead8\toprule9\textbf{Category} & \textbf{Works, base} & \textbf{Works, post} & \textbf{CN, base} & \textbf{CN, post} & \textbf{US, base} & \textbf{US, post} & \textbf{Comp., base} & \textbf{Comp., post} & \textbf{Intl., base} & \textbf{Intl., post} \\10\midrule11\endhead12Large Language Models & 11{,}813 & 132{,}127 & 17.8 & 18.3 & 13.1 & 16.9 & 9.1 & 7.7 & 11.6 & 13.9 \\13Foundation Models & 838 & 6{,}186 & 34.7 & 31.5 & 22.3 & 19.2 & 9.7 & 8.6 & 18.5 & 20.4 \\14Multimodal AI & 4{,}007 & 20{,}970 & 44.7 & 47.2 & 17.5 & 12.8 & 12.8 & 8.6 & 20.9 & 19.2 \\15Generative AI & 7{,}503 & 38{,}194 & 25.8 & 22.1 & 18.2 & 12.1 & 7.8 & 3.5 & 16.1 & 13.2 \\16AI Agents and Autonomous Systems & 25{,}167 & 32{,}219 & 18.6 & 23.4 & 12.2 & 13.1 & 3.0 & 4.8 & 17.7 & 15.8 \\17Reinforcement Learning & 26{,}913 & 44{,}477 & 21.9 & 33.8 & 24.4 & 15.9 & 10.1 & 6.3 & 16.9 & 16.3 \\18Machine Learning Theory & 88{,}923 & 112{,}830 & 16.3 & 18.8 & 22.4 & 16.2 & 7.5 & 4.8 & 18.0 & 16.9 \\19Deep Learning Architectures & 87{,}481 & 116{,}113 & 28.7 & 34.7 & 15.9 & 12.3 & 6.6 & 5.4 & 18.9 & 18.0 \\20Computer Vision & 421{,}385 & 521{,}935 & 31.2 & 38.3 & 11.6 & 8.7 & 6.6 & 5.7 & 16.6 & 15.6 \\21Natural Language Processing & 134{,}844 & 152{,}754 & 15.5 & 17.9 & 14.6 & 11.9 & 7.9 & 5.6 & 14.1 & 14.3 \\22Speech and Audio Computing & 62{,}133 & 65{,}819 & 16.3 & 21.7 & 10.7 & 9.1 & 8.0 & 7.1 & 12.5 & 13.0 \\23Robotics & 101{,}643 & 118{,}241 & 22.1 & 31.9 & 18.8 & 15.2 & 5.7 & 5.2 & 17.7 & 16.8 \\24Human-Computer Interaction & 174{,}138 & 196{,}794 & 7.1 & 9.8 & 14.5 & 12.6 & 3.6 & 2.7 & 12.9 & 13.2 \\25Software Engineering & 132{,}205 & 129{,}300 & 6.9 & 10.1 & 8.7 & 9.4 & 4.2 & 4.6 & 11.6 & 11.6 \\26Programming Languages & 20{,}392 & 15{,}837 & 5.6 & 7.7 & 15.0 & 13.5 & 3.3 & 2.9 & 15.3 & 15.2 \\27Compilers & 3{,}450 & 2{,}900 & 9.2 & 13.4 & 19.7 & 16.2 & 6.8 & 6.9 & 14.4 & 14.9 \\28Formal Verification & 22{,}992 & 18{,}225 & 10.2 & 11.8 & 14.0 & 13.1 & 3.9 & 3.6 & 24.7 & 25.2 \\29Algorithms and Data Structures & 144{,}105 & 121{,}771 & 19.2 & 24.6 & 15.6 & 13.9 & 3.1 & 3.1 & 23.2 & 22.2 \\30Computational Complexity & 18{,}778 & 15{,}760 & 10.9 & 13.2 & 14.3 & 11.6 & 1.8 & 1.8 & 19.1 & 18.9 \\31Database Systems & 74{,}552 & 61{,}582 & 13.1 & 14.6 & 10.7 & 9.2 & 4.4 & 5.1 & 13.4 & 11.8 \\32Information Retrieval & 58{,}198 & 61{,}738 & 22.3 & 29.0 & 13.3 & 10.7 & 8.1 & 9.0 & 16.1 & 14.8 \\33Distributed Computing & 52{,}661 & 43{,}642 & 19.5 & 25.3 & 18.9 & 16.1 & 5.7 & 6.7 & 17.9 & 17.0 \\34Cloud Computing & 40{,}415 & 36{,}757 & 15.0 & 13.9 & 8.8 & 9.6 & 4.9 & 6.8 & 13.2 & 11.0 \\35Edge Computing & 34{,}568 & 40{,}445 & 17.5 & 21.2 & 10.6 & 8.2 & 5.0 & 4.3 & 20.6 & 19.7 \\36Computer Networks & 267{,}896 & 212{,}342 & 24.4 & 29.8 & 12.0 & 9.9 & 7.0 & 7.4 & 21.7 & 22.2 \\37Cybersecurity & 154{,}197 & 195{,}498 & 12.3 & 14.0 & 12.9 & 11.1 & 3.9 & 3.7 & 12.9 & 12.9 \\38Applied Cryptography & 53{,}877 & 51{,}175 & 18.1 & 22.5 & 8.9 & 8.4 & 4.2 & 4.9 & 15.6 & 16.0 \\39Blockchain Systems & 46{,}516 & 62{,}087 & 12.2 & 12.5 & 8.4 & 7.2 & 2.9 & 2.4 & 12.9 & 13.5 \\40Computer Architecture & 86{,}471 & 70{,}512 & 13.8 & 22.2 & 20.0 & 17.8 & 9.9 & 9.8 & 15.8 & 15.1 \\41Accelerators and AI Hardware & 5{,}520 & 6{,}917 & 25.4 & 33.6 & 24.5 & 18.2 & 7.4 & 7.0 & 23.5 & 19.9 \\42Operating Systems & 6{,}877 & 5{,}158 & 15.9 & 22.2 & 15.3 & 13.7 & 7.9 & 9.0 & 13.4 & 13.4 \\43Quantum Computing & 39{,}846 & 60{,}417 & 19.3 & 16.0 & 18.2 & 19.8 & 6.9 & 8.4 & 21.3 & 20.1 \\44Scientific Computing & 93{,}944 & 84{,}877 & 24.8 & 27.9 & 17.4 & 16.2 & 3.4 & 3.4 & 24.0 & 22.9 \\45Computational Biology & 82{,}846 & 97{,}856 & 19.1 & 23.4 & 24.2 & 18.2 & 5.3 & 4.3 & 22.9 & 21.7 \\46Computer Graphics & 46{,}021 & 43{,}270 & 14.2 & 20.6 & 14.0 & 11.9 & 5.1 & 5.4 & 13.4 & 12.6 \\47Privacy-Preserving Computation & 18{,}816 & 28{,}450 & 19.1 & 25.0 & 21.4 & 16.2 & 6.3 & 5.2 & 20.0 & 19.7 \\48Federated Learning & 2{,}229 & 9{,}011 & 26.6 & 39.1 & 23.4 & 13.0 & 9.6 & 5.2 & 23.5 & 23.5 \\49AI Safety and Alignment & 9{,}997 & 33{,}792 & 4.3 & 5.7 & 27.4 & 19.6 & 5.9 & 3.7 & 15.6 & 15.1 \\50Sustainable Computing & 3{,}356 & 5{,}389 & 20.2 & 20.0 & 17.1 & 12.7 & 5.4 & 6.2 & 23.7 & 18.3 \\51Autonomous Scientific Discovery & 841 & 2{,}539 & 8.1 & 14.6 & 33.4 & 23.1 & 8.7 & 6.7 & 18.5 & 18.2 \\52\bottomrule53\multicolumn{11}{p{0.95\linewidth}}{\footnotesize Baseline: works dated 2018-01-01 to 2022-11-29; post: 2022-11-30 to 2026-11-02 (incomplete). Shares are over all works of the category, including works without affiliation data, so they are depressed where affiliation coverage is low (recent cohorts, preprint-heavy categories) and are not comparable with the typed-denominator shares of Tables~\ref{tab:industry} and~\ref{tab:country_concentration}; comparisons across periods within a category carry this caveat. Comp. = at least one company-typed affiliation; Intl. = at least two author countries. Categories whose post share exceeds their baseline share: China-affiliated, 7 of the 9 AI/ML categories and 28 of the 31 others; company, 1 of 9 and 13 of 31; international, 2 of 9 and 11 of 31.}\\54\end{longtable}55