1% generated by tables/make_tables.py from ./results/graph/category_flows_yearly.csv2\begin{longtable}{lrrrrrrrrrr}3\caption{Share of each category's internal references received by the nine categories of the AI/ML area, by citing year (per cent).}\label{tab:net_category_to_ai}\\4\toprule5\textbf{Category} & \textbf{Area} & \textbf{2018} & \textbf{2019} & \textbf{2020} & \textbf{2021} & \textbf{2022} & \textbf{2023} & \textbf{2024} & \textbf{2025} & \textbf{2026} \\6\midrule7\endfirsthead8\toprule9\textbf{Category} & \textbf{Area} & \textbf{2018} & \textbf{2019} & \textbf{2020} & \textbf{2021} & \textbf{2022} & \textbf{2023} & \textbf{2024} & \textbf{2025} & \textbf{2026} \\10\midrule11\endhead12Large Language Models & AI/ML & 16.8 & 12.6 & 11.5 & 13.9 & 14.3 & 29.0 & 38.0 & 39.2 & 41.7 \\13Foundation Models & AI/ML & 50.0 & 38.5 & 32.3 & 35.5 & 34.1 & 32.9 & 31.5 & 30.1 & 30.8 \\14Multimodal AI & AI/ML & 24.1 & 21.6 & 20.9 & 20.8 & 21.3 & 22.0 & 23.6 & 24.4 & 26.6 \\15Generative AI & AI/ML & 39.4 & 30.2 & 30.7 & 29.1 & 22.8 & 26.7 & 33.0 & 38.6 & 45.3 \\16AI Agents and Autonomous Systems & AI/ML & 59.1 & 57.3 & 54.8 & 54.5 & 52.9 & 52.3 & 51.9 & 49.2 & 50.3 \\17Reinforcement Learning & AI/ML & 69.1 & 65.2 & 64.7 & 63.0 & 56.0 & 55.5 & 53.1 & 49.4 & 47.6 \\18Machine Learning Theory & AI/ML & 59.0 & 59.4 & 58.3 & 57.8 & 53.1 & 53.5 & 52.7 & 53.3 & 54.8 \\19Deep Learning Architectures & AI/ML & 48.1 & 48.0 & 48.3 & 47.3 & 44.9 & 45.4 & 46.3 & 46.0 & 48.1 \\20Computer Vision & Percept. & 10.9 & 7.7 & 7.5 & 7.6 & 6.2 & 6.5 & 6.5 & 6.5 & 6.8 \\21Natural Language Processing & Percept. & 13.8 & 9.0 & 8.9 & 9.7 & 10.1 & 12.7 & 14.0 & 16.9 & 19.3 \\22Speech and Audio Computing & Percept. & 9.1 & 6.3 & 5.6 & 5.7 & 5.0 & 5.3 & 6.0 & 5.9 & 6.8 \\23Robotics & Percept. & 11.4 & 9.3 & 9.3 & 9.5 & 8.2 & 8.5 & 8.9 & 9.2 & 10.3 \\24Human-Computer Interaction & Percept. & 4.2 & 3.6 & 4.0 & 4.6 & 4.2 & 4.9 & 6.3 & 8.0 & 9.5 \\25Software Engineering & Softw./PL & 4.1 & 3.5 & 3.9 & 4.8 & 5.0 & 6.2 & 7.5 & 8.3 & 9.4 \\26Programming Languages & Softw./PL & 3.6 & 3.5 & 5.7 & 5.4 & 5.9 & 6.1 & 5.1 & 7.3 & 7.9 \\27Compilers & Softw./PL & 5.9 & 6.0 & 8.4 & 6.7 & 7.0 & 7.6 & 10.9 & 9.3 & 9.5 \\28Formal Verification & Softw./PL & 3.8 & 6.3 & 7.5 & 8.6 & 7.8 & 8.2 & 7.3 & 7.8 & 7.5 \\29Algorithms and Data Structures & Theory & 7.3 & 8.0 & 8.9 & 9.6 & 8.6 & 8.9 & 9.3 & 9.8 & 11.1 \\30Computational Complexity & Theory & 4.9 & 6.2 & 7.1 & 7.7 & 9.8 & 11.2 & 12.4 & 15.1 & 16.6 \\31Database Systems & Data/Distr. & 10.4 & 10.8 & 11.1 & 12.3 & 13.2 & 14.2 & 15.1 & 15.9 & 16.9 \\32Information Retrieval & Data/Distr. & 10.5 & 9.8 & 9.9 & 10.3 & 10.2 & 11.1 & 12.0 & 13.6 & 16.2 \\33Distributed Computing & Data/Distr. & 7.1 & 9.3 & 9.8 & 10.0 & 10.6 & 10.9 & 10.7 & 11.9 & 12.8 \\34Cloud Computing & Data/Distr. & 2.3 & 2.1 & 2.6 & 3.4 & 3.4 & 3.7 & 4.5 & 5.1 & 6.3 \\35Edge Computing & Data/Distr. & 2.8 & 3.2 & 4.1 & 4.7 & 5.0 & 5.7 & 6.7 & 6.9 & 7.1 \\36Computer Networks & Data/Distr. & 2.3 & 2.2 & 2.6 & 3.0 & 3.1 & 3.4 & 3.6 & 3.8 & 4.2 \\37Cybersecurity & Security & 5.3 & 4.4 & 4.9 & 5.5 & 5.1 & 5.3 & 6.2 & 6.4 & 6.9 \\38Applied Cryptography & Security & 1.0 & 1.2 & 1.3 & 1.6 & 1.6 & 1.7 & 1.9 & 2.1 & 2.3 \\39Blockchain Systems & Security & 1.2 & 1.1 & 1.3 & 1.3 & 1.6 & 2.0 & 2.3 & 2.9 & 3.5 \\40Computer Architecture & Hardware & 3.2 & 3.3 & 3.8 & 4.4 & 4.4 & 4.6 & 4.8 & 4.4 & 4.9 \\41Accelerators and AI Hardware & Hardware & 28.9 & 26.8 & 27.1 & 28.3 & 28.9 & 25.5 & 26.0 & 24.6 & 23.0 \\42Operating Systems & Hardware & 4.9 & 3.9 & 4.7 & 4.7 & 5.9 & 7.4 & 7.4 & 5.4 & 9.5 \\43Quantum Computing & Hardware & 2.1 & 1.6 & 1.9 & 2.0 & 1.7 & 2.2 & 2.1 & 2.4 & 2.4 \\44Scientific Computing & Comp. sci. & 8.1 & 9.3 & 11.4 & 12.5 & 13.0 & 13.8 & 14.6 & 15.3 & 15.5 \\45Computational Biology & Comp. sci. & 10.2 & 8.3 & 7.9 & 8.4 & 8.5 & 9.6 & 10.5 & 11.6 & 11.2 \\46Computer Graphics & Percept. & 5.9 & 4.9 & 5.5 & 5.1 & 4.6 & 4.7 & 4.7 & 5.0 & 4.8 \\47Privacy-Preserving Computation & Security & 5.0 & 8.1 & 11.5 & 13.4 & 12.1 & 14.9 & 15.7 & 16.5 & 16.5 \\48Federated Learning & Security & 23.1 & 25.4 & 38.1 & 34.3 & 25.0 & 24.3 & 24.0 & 21.3 & 19.6 \\49AI Safety and Alignment & AI/ML & 49.0 & 48.0 & 51.1 & 53.1 & 50.2 & 50.4 & 51.6 & 52.7 & 55.4 \\50Sustainable Computing & Hardware & 3.9 & 4.6 & 7.1 & 10.5 & 9.3 & 11.4 & 14.7 & 15.2 & 15.4 \\51Autonomous Scientific Discovery & Comp. sci. & 31.0 & 25.2 & 29.6 & 30.9 & 25.1 & 33.5 & 33.3 & 33.1 & 35.0 \\52\bottomrule53\multicolumn{11}{p{0.95\linewidth}}{\footnotesize Rows: citing primary category (ontology order); the nine AI/ML rows measure within-area citation, the other thirty-one rows measure citation into the AI/ML area. Denominator: the category's internal references with a classified cited work in the citing year. 2026 is incomplete.}\\54\end{longtable}55