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A misallocation model maps estimates into TFP.",28 "key_assumptions": [29 "Liberalization timing is driven largely by EU accession rather than sector-specific shocks",30 "Rajan-Zingales US-based financial dependence captures the technological need for external finance in these countries",31 "Dispersion in MRPK reflects misallocation from financial frictions"32 ],33 "threats_addressed": [34 "Concurrent institutional changes triggered by liberalization (alternative channels)",35 "Measurement of openness (alternative de jure and de facto measures)",36 "Political connections and corruption",37 "Pre-trends and dynamics (event-study dynamic effects)"38 ],39 "causal_language_strength": 4,40 "uses_causal_claim": true41 },42 "abstract_moves": {43 "question": {44 "present": true,45 "sentence_index": 046 },47 "gap": {48 "present": false,49 "sentence_index": -150 },51 "method": {52 "present": true,53 "sentence_index": 154 },55 "results": {56 "present": true,57 "sentence_index": 158 },59 "magnitude": {60 "present": true,61 "sentence_index": 362 },63 "contribution": {64 "present": false,65 "sentence_index": -166 }67 },68 "introduction": {69 "moves": [70 {71 "paragraph_index": 0,72 "move": "motivation"73 },74 {75 "paragraph_index": 0,76 "move": "preview_of_approach"77 },78 {79 "paragraph_index": 0,80 "move": "preview_of_results"81 },82 {83 "paragraph_index": 1,84 "move": "mechanism_or_theory_sketch"85 },86 {87 "paragraph_index": 1,88 "move": "identification_defense"89 },90 {91 "paragraph_index": 2,92 "move": "robustness_mention"93 },94 {95 "paragraph_index": 2,96 "move": "preview_of_results"97 },98 {99 "paragraph_index": 3,100 "move": "contribution_statement"101 },102 {103 "paragraph_index": 3,104 "move": "related_literature_positioning"105 },106 {107 "paragraph_index": 4,108 "move": "related_literature_positioning"109 }110 ],111 "contribution_paragraph_index": 3,112 "contribution_types": [113 "new_evidence"114 ],115 "roadmap_present": false,116 "literature_positioning_location": "inside_introduction"117 },118 "section_roles": [119 {120 "idx": 0,121 "role": "introduction"122 },123 {124 "idx": 1,125 "role": "results"126 },127 {128 "idx": 2,129 "role": "theory"130 },131 {132 "idx": 3,133 "role": "results"134 },135 {136 "idx": 4,137 "role": "robustness"138 },139 {140 "idx": 5,141 "role": "robustness"142 },143 {144 "idx": 6,145 "role": "conclusion"146 }147 ],148 "results_presentation": {149 "economic_significance_discussed": true,150 "statistical_significance_language": "unclear",151 "magnitude_statements_in_intro": true152 },153 "robustness": {154 "location": "mixed",155 "types": [156 "alternative_measure",157 "alternative_specification",158 "subsample",159 "other"160 ]161 },162 "tables": {163 "convention_notes": "Each table note opens by writing out the full regression equation, with its fixed-effect structure and variable definitions. 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It first presents aggregate panel evidence linking liberalization to financial development and TFP. It then builds a heterogeneous-firm misallocation model with bank-dependent firms. Firm-level tests follow, using a difference-in-differences design that interacts openness with sectoral financial dependence. Mechanism tests address alternative channels and firm age. Robustness checks cover corruption and alternative openness measures. The model then aggregates the reduced-form estimates into TFP gains, and the conclusion restates the contributions.",228 "writing_profile_keywords": [229 "cross-country firm-level panel",230 "misallocation",231 "Rajan-Zingales interaction",232 "model-guided empirics",233 "aggregation to TFP",234 "mechanism tests",235 "first-to claim"236 ],237 "confidence": 0.8,238 "notes": "The model section appears after the aggregate evidence rather than before it. Standard-error conventions are not visible in the excerpts. 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