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Treated homeowners are compared with renters, and with homeowners carrying an outstanding mortgage (who cannot take a second mortgage in France), within region-by-year fixed effects. A regional-level analysis interacts price growth with the homeownership share.",28 "key_assumptions": [29 "Local demand shocks affect owners and controls (renters, mortgaged owners) in the same region similarly",30 "French institutions prevent home equity withdrawal for mortgaged owners",31 "House-price variation is not correlated with owner-specific entrepreneurial opportunities"32 ],33 "threats_addressed": [34 "local economic or demand shocks",35 "wealth versus liquidity effects (full versus partial owners)",36 "individual characteristics",37 "crowding out at the regional level"38 ],39 "causal_language_strength": 4,40 "uses_causal_claim": true41 },42 "abstract_moves": {43 "question": {44 "present": false,45 "sentence_index": -146 },47 "gap": {48 "present": false,49 "sentence_index": -150 },51 "method": {52 "present": true,53 "sentence_index": 154 },55 "results": {56 "present": true,57 "sentence_index": 258 },59 "magnitude": {60 "present": false,61 "sentence_index": -162 },63 "contribution": {64 "present": true,65 "sentence_index": 066 }67 },68 "introduction": {69 "moves": [70 {71 "paragraph_index": 0,72 "move": "motivation"73 },74 {75 "paragraph_index": 0,76 "move": "literature_gap"77 },78 {79 "paragraph_index": 0,80 "move": "policy_or_broader_implication"81 },82 {83 "paragraph_index": 0,84 "move": "preview_of_approach"85 },86 {87 "paragraph_index": 1,88 "move": "preview_of_approach"89 },90 {91 "paragraph_index": 1,92 "move": "preview_of_results"93 },94 {95 "paragraph_index": 1,96 "move": "robustness_mention"97 },98 {99 "paragraph_index": 2,100 "move": "preview_of_results"101 },102 {103 "paragraph_index": 3,104 "move": "contribution_statement"105 },106 {107 "paragraph_index": 3,108 "move": "related_literature_positioning"109 }110 ],111 "contribution_paragraph_index": 3,112 "contribution_types": [113 "new_evidence",114 "new_identification"115 ],116 "roadmap_present": false,117 "literature_positioning_location": "inside_introduction"118 },119 "section_roles": [120 {121 "idx": 0,122 "role": "introduction"123 },124 {125 "idx": 1,126 "role": "other"127 },128 {129 "idx": 2,130 "role": "results"131 },132 {133 "idx": 3,134 "role": "results"135 },136 {137 "idx": 4,138 "role": "results"139 },140 {141 "idx": 5,142 "role": "conclusion"143 }144 ],145 "results_presentation": {146 "economic_significance_discussed": true,147 "statistical_significance_language": "unclear",148 "magnitude_statements_in_intro": true149 },150 "robustness": {151 "location": "within_results",152 "types": [153 "subsample",154 "alternative_specification"155 ]156 },157 "tables": {158 "convention_notes": "Table notes describe the regression model (linear probability or OLS), the interaction term between house-price growth and owner status, the fixed effects and controls, and the sample period. Summary statistics tables precede regression tables for each analysis.",159 "units_stated_in_notes": false,160 "standard_errors_description": "unclear"161 },162 "figures": {163 "uncertainty_shown": "yes"164 },165 "conclusion": {166 "bounded_claims": true,167 "policy_implications": false,168 "open_questions": true,169 "restates_contribution": true170 },171 "hedging": {172 "level": "moderate",173 "typical_devices": [174 "consistent with",175 "may, in turn",176 "suggests",177 "improving identification"178 ]179 },180 "claim_evidence": [181 {182 "claim": "Collateral value increases raise homeowners' probability of entering entrepreneurship relative to renters and mortgaged owners",183 "evidence_type": "table",184 "evidence_ref": "Tables II, III"185 },186 {187 "claim": "Treated entrepreneurs start larger firms and use more debt at creation",188 "evidence_type": "table",189 "evidence_ref": "Table V"190 },191 {192 "claim": "Size differences persist through 2006",193 "evidence_type": "figure",194 "evidence_ref": "Table VI, Figure 2"195 },196 {197 "claim": "Effects are stronger in industries with more prevalent credit constraints",198 "evidence_type": "table",199 "evidence_ref": "Table VII"200 },201 {202 "claim": "Regional firm creation is more sensitive to house prices where the homeownership share is higher",203 "evidence_type": "table",204 "evidence_ref": "Table VIII"205 },206 {207 "claim": "Moving from the 25th to the 75th percentile of house-price growth raises firm assets by about 13%",208 "evidence_type": "none_stated",209 "evidence_ref": "Intro paragraph 1"210 }211 ],212 "structural_summary": "The introduction opens with the claim of the paper, notes that the existing wealth–entrepreneurship correlation is ambiguous, and stresses its policy relevance. It then sets out a three-part design (extensive margin, intensive margin, aggregate) with results previewed for each part, and ends with literature positioning. An institutional section on French mortgages justifies the control groups. Three empirical sections follow a parallel structure: data, specification, identification, results and sample splits. A short conclusion restates the contribution, contrasts it with Mian and Sufi, and leaves quantification of the relative channels for future research.",213 "writing_profile_keywords": [214 "institutional setting as identification",215 "parallel section structure",216 "extensive and intensive margin",217 "administrative data",218 "policy motivation",219 "interaction design"220 ],221 "confidence": 0.85,222 "notes": "The excerpts give no detail on standard errors or significance notation. Robustness checks appear within results via sample splits and controls."223 },224 "deterministic_checks": {225 "roadmap_regex": false,226 "contribution_regex_in_intro": true,227 "magnitude_in_abstract": false,228 "abstract_n_sentences": 4,229 "intro_n_paragraphs": 4,230 "intro_n_words": 752,231 "causal_words_in_abstract": 1,232 "hedge_words_in_abstract": 0,233 "stars_mentioned": false,234 "clustered_se_mentioned": false,235 "internet_appendix_mentioned": true,236 "section_roles_rule": {237 "0": "introduction",238 "1": "other",239 "2": "other",240 "3": "other",241 "4": "other",242 "5": "conclusion"243 }244 },245 "schema_valid": true,246 "code_version": "feb6c9e-dirty"247}