1# RECORD 5d7a30b7e8bf20b9b96939772873f83a5c2ed73b2# TITLE: How Are Urban Green Spaces and Residential Development Related? A Synopsis of Multi-Perspective Analyses for Leipzig, Germany3# YEAR: 2021.0 VENUE: nan DOI: 10.3390/land100606304# AUTHORS: N. Schwarz; A. Haase; D. Haase; N. Kabisch; S. Kabisch; V. Liebelt; D. Rink; M. Strohbach; J. Welz; M. Wolff5# PAGES: 16 CANDIDATE TABLE PAGES (1-based): []6# ABSTRACT: The relationship between urban green spaces (UGS) and residential development is complex: UGS have positive and negative immediate impacts on residents’ well-being, residential location choice, housing, and land markets. Property owners and real estate agents might consider how prospective clients perceive UGS and act accordingly, while urban planners influence UGS location and management as well as aim at steering the built environment. Typically, studies focus on one of these perspectives at a time. Here, we provide a synopsis of results from studies, taking different perspectives for a single case study: Leipzig, Germany. We summarise and discuss the findings of eight studies on UGS and residential development. In detail, these studies focus on spatial pattern analysis, hedonic pricing analysis, mixed-methods studies on experts’ perspectives, surveys, and choice experiments exploring residents’ perceptions of UGS. We reflect on the feasibility of deriving a synthesis out of these independent studies and to what extent context matters. We conclude that both triangulating of data and methods, as well as long-term and context-sensitive studies are needed to explain the interlinkages between UGS and residential development and their context dependency.789===== PAGE 1 (score 12, numeric-paren 0, table-words 0, var-words 12) =====1011land12Article13How Are Urban Green Spaces and Residential Development14Related? A Synopsis of Multi-Perspective Analyses for15Leipzig, Germany16Nina Schwarz 1,2,*17, Annegret Haase 3, Dagmar Haase 2,418, Nadja Kabisch 3,4, Sigrun Kabisch 3,19Veronika Liebelt 2,5,620, Dieter Rink 3, Michael W. Strohbach 721, Juliane Welz 8 and Manuel Wolff 3,4222324Citation: Schwarz, N.; Haase, A.;25Haase, D.; Kabisch, N.; Kabisch, S.;26Liebelt, V.; Rink, D.; Strohbach, M.W.;27Welz, J.; Wolff, M. How Are Urban28Green Spaces and Residential29Development Related? A Synopsis of30Multi-Perspective Analyses for31Leipzig, Germany. Land 2021, 10, 630.32https://doi.org/10.3390/33land1006063034Academic Editor: Thomas35Panagopoulos36Received: 24 March 202137Accepted: 9 June 202138Published: 12 June 202139Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral40with regard to jurisdictional claims in41published maps and institutional affil-42iations.43Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.44Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.45This article is an open access article46distributed47under48the49terms50and51conditions of the Creative Commons52Attribution (CC BY) license (https://53creativecommons.org/licenses/by/544.0/).55156Department Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management (PGM),57Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente,587500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands59260Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ,6104318 Leipzig, Germany; dagmar.haase@ufz.de (D.H.); veronika.liebelt@idiv.de (V.L.)62363Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ,6404318 Leipzig, Germany; annegret.haase@ufz.de (A.H.); nadja.kabisch@geo.hu-berlin.de (N.K.);65sigrun.kabisch@ufz.de (S.K.); dieter.rink@ufz.de (D.R.); manuel.wolff@hu-berlin.de (M.W.)66467Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany68569German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Biodiversity Economics, Halle-Jena-Leipzig,7004103 Leipzig, Germany71672Department of Economics, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany73774Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology,75Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; m.strohbach@tu-braunschweig.de76877Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowledge Economy IMW, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;78juliane.welz@imw.fraunhofer.de79*80Correspondence: n.schwarz@utwente.nl; Tel.: +31-534-891-45581Abstract: The relationship between urban green spaces (UGS) and residential development is com-82plex: UGS have positive and negative immediate impacts on residents’ well-being, residential location83choice, housing, and land markets. Property owners and real estate agents might consider how84prospective clients perceive UGS and act accordingly, while urban planners influence UGS location85and management as well as aim at steering the built environment. Typically, studies focus on one of86these perspectives at a time. Here, we provide a synopsis of results from studies, taking different87perspectives for a single case study: Leipzig, Germany. We summarise and discuss the findings of88eight studies on UGS and residential development. In detail, these studies focus on spatial pattern89analysis, hedonic pricing analysis, mixed-methods studies on experts’ perspectives, surveys, and90choice experiments exploring residents’ perceptions of UGS. We reflect on the feasibility of deriving a91synthesis out of these independent studies and to what extent context matters. We conclude that both92triangulating of data and methods, as well as long-term and context-sensitive studies are needed to93explain the interlinkages between UGS and residential development and their context dependency.94Keywords: multi-method approach; residential development; urban development; urban green951. Introduction96Green spaces are a vital part of cities. Many types of urban green spaces (UGS) exist,97i.e., green locations in cities which provide opportunities for recreation or relaxation, or98for just being there or passing through. This encompasses diverse UGS such as parks,99cemeteries, urban forests, gardens, street trees, allotments, or agricultural land [1]. The100importance of UGS for urban residents is reflected in many policies at different international,101national, and local levels, most prominently in the Sustainable Development Goals. For102example, SDG 11 says “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, and target103Land 2021, 10, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060630104https://www.mdpi.com/journal/land105