1{2 "record_id": "13a61953f01e5f8f119d4fa1872eb72503252526",3 "eligible": true,4 "exclusion_reason": null,5 "study": {6 "title": "The Reflection of Income Segregation and Accessibility Cleavages in Sydney's House Prices",7 "year": 2022,8 "doi": "10.3390/ijgi11070413",9 "country": "Australia",10 "region_city": "Greater Sydney",11 "sample_start": 2016,12 "sample_end": 2016,13 "property_type": "single_family",14 "price_type": "transaction",15 "data_source": "Australian Property Monitor (APM) house sales, two quarters of 2016 (32,068 houses, units excluded, 2.5/97.5 percentile price trimming); ABS 2016 census SA1 income data; gravity-model accessibility",16 "document_type": "journal",17 "estimators": [18 "OLS",19 "GWR"20 ],21 "spatial_method": "GWR with adaptive bi-square kernel (Table 5)",22 "time_fe": false,23 "location_fe": false,24 "se_type": "OLS",25 "n_obs_total": 32068,26 "ai_methods": [],27 "notes": "Published ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(7), 413 (record DOI points to the OSF preprint). Table 4 is R output: Estimate, Std. Error, t, Pr(>|t|), significance codes 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '.' 0.1. Dependent variable is log-transformed sale price (intercept 13.3). Distance units are not stated (assumed metres from coefficient magnitudes); income/crime/age shares printed as % with unstated scale, hence medium confidence for those rows. Table 5 (GWR) reports only the distribution of local coefficients; medians recorded without SE. OLS n = 32,050 (18 regressors), GWR n = 32,068."28 },29 "models": [30 {31 "model_id": "T4-c1",32 "table": "4",33 "column": "1",34 "page": 19,35 "dep_var": "log(house sale price), AUD",36 "dep_transform": "log",37 "estimator": "OLS",38 "n_obs": 32050,39 "r2": 0.8103,40 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",41 "sample_subset": "Greater Sydney detached houses sold in two quarters of 2016 (APM); SE, t and p in separate columns; adj. R2 0.8102"42 },43 {44 "model_id": "T5-c1",45 "table": "5",46 "column": "Median",47 "page": 20,48 "dep_var": "log(house sale price), AUD",49 "dep_transform": "log",50 "estimator": "GWR",51 "n_obs": 32068,52 "r2": 0.8458,53 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "none",54 "sample_subset": "GWR (adaptive bi-square kernel, AIC bandwidth); Table 5 reports the distribution (min, Q1, median, Q3, max) of local coefficients - the MEDIAN local estimate is recorded as beta, no SE; adj. R2 0.8449"55 }56 ],57 "coefficients": [58 {59 "model_id": "T4-c1",60 "var_name_printed": "Bedrooms",61 "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",62 "x_transform": "level",63 "x_unit": "count",64 "beta": 0.142,65 "se": 0.00158,66 "t": 90.152,67 "p": null,68 "p_stars": "***",69 "ci_lo": null,70 "ci_hi": null,71 "page": 19,72 "confidence": "high",73 "notes": "Number of bedrooms; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"74 },75 {76 "model_id": "T4-c1",77 "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",78 "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",79 "x_transform": "level",80 "x_unit": "count",81 "beta": 0.0489,82 "se": 0.00148,83 "t": 33.016,84 "p": null,85 "p_stars": "***",86 "ci_lo": null,87 "ci_hi": null,88 "page": 19,89 "confidence": "high",90 "notes": "Number of bathrooms; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"91 },92 {93 "model_id": "T4-c1",94 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sydney",95 "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",96 "x_transform": "level",97 "x_unit": "m",98 "beta": -1.45e-05,99 "se": 1.69e-07,100 "t": -85.66,101 "p": null,102 "p_stars": "***",103 "ci_lo": null,104 "ci_hi": null,105 "page": 19,106 "confidence": "medium",107 "notes": "Network/Euclidean distance to Sydney CBD; distance unit not stated in the paper, coefficient magnitudes (1e-5 per unit) are consistent with metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"108 },109 {110 "model_id": "T4-c1",111 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Secondary City",112 "taxonomy_id": "other",113 "x_transform": "level",114 "x_unit": "m",115 "beta": 7.07e-07,116 "se": 1.74e-07,117 "t": 4.065,118 "p": 4.82e-05,119 "p_stars": "***",120 "ci_lo": null,121 "ci_hi": null,122 "page": 19,123 "confidence": "medium",124 "notes": "Distance to the nearest secondary city centre (e.g. Parramatta); printed name 'Distance to Secondary City'; unit not stated, assumed metres"125 },126 {127 "model_id": "T4-c1",128 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Beach",129 "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",130 "x_transform": "level",131 "x_unit": "m",132 "beta": -2.44e-06,133 "se": 2.24e-07,134 "t": -10.916,135 "p": null,136 "p_stars": "***",137 "ci_lo": null,138 "ci_hi": null,139 "page": 19,140 "confidence": "medium",141 "notes": "Distance to nearest beach; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"142 },143 {144 "model_id": "T4-c1",145 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Bus Interchanges",146 "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",147 "x_transform": "level",148 "x_unit": "m",149 "beta": 2.91e-06,150 "se": 4.83e-07,151 "t": 6.031,152 "p": 1.65e-09,153 "p_stars": "***",154 "ci_lo": null,155 "ci_hi": null,156 "page": 19,157 "confidence": "medium",158 "notes": "Distance to nearest bus interchange; unit not stated, assumed metres"159 },160 {161 "model_id": "T4-c1",162 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Highway",163 "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",164 "x_transform": "level",165 "x_unit": "m",166 "beta": 7.5e-06,167 "se": 4.44e-07,168 "t": 16.883,169 "p": null,170 "p_stars": "***",171 "ci_lo": null,172 "ci_hi": null,173 "page": 19,174 "confidence": "medium",175 "notes": "Distance to nearest highway/motorway; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"176 },177 {178 "model_id": "T4-c1",179 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Primary School",180 "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",181 "x_transform": "level",182 "x_unit": "m",183 "beta": 1.02e-05,184 "se": 3.26e-06,185 "t": 3.118,186 "p": 0.00182,187 "p_stars": "**",188 "ci_lo": null,189 "ci_hi": null,190 "page": 19,191 "confidence": "medium",192 "notes": "Distance to nearest primary school; unit not stated, assumed metres"193 },194 {195 "model_id": "T4-c1",196 "var_name_printed": "Distance to University",197 "taxonomy_id": "university_distance",198 "x_transform": "level",199 "x_unit": "m",200 "beta": 1.12e-06,201 "se": 4.27e-07,202 "t": 2.617,203 "p": 0.00889,204 "p_stars": "**",205 "ci_lo": null,206 "ci_hi": null,207 "page": 19,208 "confidence": "medium",209 "notes": "Distance to nearest university; unit not stated, assumed metres"210 },211 {212 "model_id": "T4-c1",213 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Swimming Pool",214 "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",215 "x_transform": "level",216 "x_unit": "m",217 "beta": -4.61e-06,218 "se": 9.32e-07,219 "t": -4.952,220 "p": 7.4e-07,221 "p_stars": "***",222 "ci_lo": null,223 "ci_hi": null,224 "page": 19,225 "confidence": "medium",226 "notes": "Distance to nearest (public) swimming pool facility - a recreational amenity, NOT a private pool; unit not stated, assumed metres"227 },228 {229 "model_id": "T4-c1",230 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Shopping Centre",231 "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",232 "x_transform": "level",233 "x_unit": "m",234 "beta": 1.11e-05,235 "se": 7.5e-07,236 "t": 14.774,237 "p": null,238 "p_stars": "***",239 "ci_lo": null,240 "ci_hi": null,241 "page": 19,242 "confidence": "medium",243 "notes": "Distance to nearest shopping centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"244 },245 {246 "model_id": "T4-c1",247 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sport Centre",248 "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",249 "x_transform": "level",250 "x_unit": "m",251 "beta": 9e-06,252 "se": 7.27e-07,253 "t": 12.378,254 "p": null,255 "p_stars": "***",256 "ci_lo": null,257 "ci_hi": null,258 "page": 19,259 "confidence": "medium",260 "notes": "Distance to nearest sports centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"261 },262 {263 "model_id": "T4-c1",264 "var_name_printed": "Population Above 65 (%)",265 "taxonomy_id": "demographics",266 "x_transform": "level",267 "x_unit": "share",268 "beta": 0.00508,269 "se": 0.000217,270 "t": 23.355,271 "p": null,272 "p_stars": "***",273 "ci_lo": null,274 "ci_hi": null,275 "page": 19,276 "confidence": "medium",277 "notes": "Share of SA1 population aged over 65 (printed as %); scale (0-1 vs 0-100) not stated; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"278 },279 {280 "model_id": "T4-c1",281 "var_name_printed": "Crime Rate (%)",282 "taxonomy_id": "crime",283 "x_transform": "level",284 "x_unit": "share",285 "beta": -0.0435,286 "se": 0.0162,287 "t": -2.681,288 "p": 0.00735,289 "p_stars": "**",290 "ci_lo": null,291 "ci_hi": null,292 "page": 19,293 "confidence": "medium",294 "notes": "Local crime rate (printed as %); scale not stated"295 },296 {297 "model_id": "T4-c1",298 "var_name_printed": "Low Income (%)",299 "taxonomy_id": "income",300 "x_transform": "level",301 "x_unit": "share",302 "beta": -0.187,303 "se": 0.0575,304 "t": -3.244,305 "p": 0.00118,306 "p_stars": "**",307 "ci_lo": null,308 "ci_hi": null,309 "page": 19,310 "confidence": "medium",311 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the low-income group (2016 census); printed as % but magnitude of coefficient suggests a 0-1 proportion; authors read -0.187 as -0.2 per cent"312 },313 {314 "model_id": "T4-c1",315 "var_name_printed": "Middle Income (%)",316 "taxonomy_id": "income",317 "x_transform": "level",318 "x_unit": "share",319 "beta": -0.102,320 "se": 0.058,321 "t": -1.758,322 "p": 0.0788,323 "p_stars": ".",324 "ci_lo": null,325 "ci_hi": null,326 "page": 19,327 "confidence": "medium",328 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the middle-income group; printed as %, scale not stated"329 },330 {331 "model_id": "T4-c1",332 "var_name_printed": "High Income (%)",333 "taxonomy_id": "income",334 "x_transform": "level",335 "x_unit": "share",336 "beta": 2.51,337 "se": 0.0597,338 "t": 41.983,339 "p": null,340 "p_stars": "***",341 "ci_lo": null,342 "ci_hi": null,343 "page": 19,344 "confidence": "medium",345 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the high-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; authors read 2.51 as 2.5 per cent; printed p-value '<2.00e-6'"346 },347 {348 "model_id": "T4-c1",349 "var_name_printed": "Accessibility Score",350 "taxonomy_id": "employment_access",351 "x_transform": "level",352 "x_unit": "index",353 "beta": 0.273,354 "se": 0.0868,355 "t": 3.142,356 "p": 0.00168,357 "p_stars": "**",358 "ci_lo": null,359 "ci_hi": null,360 "page": 19,361 "confidence": "high",362 "notes": "Gravity-model employment accessibility score standardised to 0-1"363 },364 {365 "model_id": "T5-c1",366 "var_name_printed": "Bedrooms",367 "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",368 "x_transform": "level",369 "x_unit": "count",370 "beta": 0.14,371 "se": null,372 "t": null,373 "p": null,374 "p_stars": "",375 "ci_lo": null,376 "ci_hi": null,377 "page": 20,378 "confidence": "medium",379 "notes": "Number of bedrooms; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.11, Q1 0.12, Q3 0.16, max 0.19; no standard error reported"380 },381 {382 "model_id": "T5-c1",383 "var_name_printed": "Bathrooms",384 "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",385 "x_transform": "level",386 "x_unit": "count",387 "beta": 0.051,388 "se": null,389 "t": null,390 "p": null,391 "p_stars": "",392 "ci_lo": null,393 "ci_hi": null,394 "page": 20,395 "confidence": "medium",396 "notes": "Number of bathrooms; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.028, Q1 0.04, Q3 0.058, max 0.081; no standard error reported"397 },398 {399 "model_id": "T5-c1",400 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sydney",401 "taxonomy_id": "cbd_distance",402 "x_transform": "level",403 "x_unit": "m",404 "beta": -2.3e-05,405 "se": null,406 "t": null,407 "p": null,408 "p_stars": "",409 "ci_lo": null,410 "ci_hi": null,411 "page": 20,412 "confidence": "medium",413 "notes": "Network/Euclidean distance to Sydney CBD; distance unit not stated in the paper, coefficient magnitudes (1e-5 per unit) are consistent with metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.4e-05, Q1 -3e-05, Q3 -1.5e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"414 },415 {416 "model_id": "T5-c1",417 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Secondary City",418 "taxonomy_id": "other",419 "x_transform": "level",420 "x_unit": "m",421 "beta": -5.6e-07,422 "se": null,423 "t": null,424 "p": null,425 "p_stars": "",426 "ci_lo": null,427 "ci_hi": null,428 "page": 20,429 "confidence": "medium",430 "notes": "Distance to the nearest secondary city centre (e.g. Parramatta); printed name 'Distance to Secondary City'; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.6e-05, Q1 -4.7e-06, Q3 4.1e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"431 },432 {433 "model_id": "T5-c1",434 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Beach",435 "taxonomy_id": "water_proximity",436 "x_transform": "level",437 "x_unit": "m",438 "beta": 2.3e-06,439 "se": null,440 "t": null,441 "p": null,442 "p_stars": "",443 "ci_lo": null,444 "ci_hi": null,445 "page": 20,446 "confidence": "medium",447 "notes": "Distance to nearest beach; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.8e-05, Q1 -8.7e-06, Q3 8.7e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"448 },449 {450 "model_id": "T5-c1",451 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Bus Interchanges",452 "taxonomy_id": "transit_distance",453 "x_transform": "level",454 "x_unit": "m",455 "beta": -3.2e-06,456 "se": null,457 "t": null,458 "p": null,459 "p_stars": "",460 "ci_lo": null,461 "ci_hi": null,462 "page": 20,463 "confidence": "medium",464 "notes": "Distance to nearest bus interchange; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.8e-05, Q1 -9.7e-06, Q3 4.4e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"465 },466 {467 "model_id": "T5-c1",468 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Highway",469 "taxonomy_id": "highway_distance",470 "x_transform": "level",471 "x_unit": "m",472 "beta": 7.6e-06,473 "se": null,474 "t": null,475 "p": null,476 "p_stars": "",477 "ci_lo": null,478 "ci_hi": null,479 "page": 20,480 "confidence": "medium",481 "notes": "Distance to nearest highway/motorway; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.8e-05, Q1 3e-06, Q3 1.1e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"482 },483 {484 "model_id": "T5-c1",485 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Primary School",486 "taxonomy_id": "school_distance",487 "x_transform": "level",488 "x_unit": "m",489 "beta": 2.7e-05,490 "se": null,491 "t": null,492 "p": null,493 "p_stars": "",494 "ci_lo": null,495 "ci_hi": null,496 "page": 20,497 "confidence": "medium",498 "notes": "Distance to nearest primary school; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -3.7e-05, Q1 1.3e-05, Q3 4.5e-05, max 0.0001; no standard error reported"499 },500 {501 "model_id": "T5-c1",502 "var_name_printed": "Distance to University",503 "taxonomy_id": "university_distance",504 "x_transform": "level",505 "x_unit": "m",506 "beta": 6.5e-06,507 "se": null,508 "t": null,509 "p": null,510 "p_stars": "",511 "ci_lo": null,512 "ci_hi": null,513 "page": 20,514 "confidence": "medium",515 "notes": "Distance to nearest university; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -2.1e-05, Q1 2.3e-06, Q3 1.1e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"516 },517 {518 "model_id": "T5-c1",519 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Swimming Pool",520 "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",521 "x_transform": "level",522 "x_unit": "m",523 "beta": -4.5e-06,524 "se": null,525 "t": null,526 "p": null,527 "p_stars": "",528 "ci_lo": null,529 "ci_hi": null,530 "page": 20,531 "confidence": "medium",532 "notes": "Distance to nearest (public) swimming pool facility - a recreational amenity, NOT a private pool; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -2.7e-05, Q1 -1.3e-05, Q3 6.8e-06, max 0.0; no standard error reported"533 },534 {535 "model_id": "T5-c1",536 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Shopping Centres",537 "taxonomy_id": "commercial_distance",538 "x_transform": "level",539 "x_unit": "m",540 "beta": 7.2e-06,541 "se": null,542 "t": null,543 "p": null,544 "p_stars": "",545 "ci_lo": null,546 "ci_hi": null,547 "page": 20,548 "confidence": "medium",549 "notes": "Distance to nearest shopping centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.5e-05, Q1 -4e-07, Q3 1.8e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"550 },551 {552 "model_id": "T5-c1",553 "var_name_printed": "Distance to Sports Centres",554 "taxonomy_id": "neighbourhood_amenities",555 "x_transform": "level",556 "x_unit": "m",557 "beta": 6.7e-06,558 "se": null,559 "t": null,560 "p": null,561 "p_stars": "",562 "ci_lo": null,563 "ci_hi": null,564 "page": 20,565 "confidence": "medium",566 "notes": "Distance to nearest sports centre; unit not stated, assumed metres; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -1.2e-05, Q1 3.6e-06, Q3 1.4e-05, max 0.0; no standard error reported"567 },568 {569 "model_id": "T5-c1",570 "var_name_printed": "Population Above 65",571 "taxonomy_id": "demographics",572 "x_transform": "level",573 "x_unit": "share",574 "beta": 0.0037,575 "se": null,576 "t": null,577 "p": null,578 "p_stars": "",579 "ci_lo": null,580 "ci_hi": null,581 "page": 20,582 "confidence": "medium",583 "notes": "Share of SA1 population aged over 65 (printed as %); scale (0-1 vs 0-100) not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min 0.0012, Q1 0.0026, Q3 0.0058, max 0.0089; no standard error reported"584 },585 {586 "model_id": "T5-c1",587 "var_name_printed": "Crime Rate",588 "taxonomy_id": "crime",589 "x_transform": "level",590 "x_unit": "share",591 "beta": -0.021,592 "se": null,593 "t": null,594 "p": null,595 "p_stars": "",596 "ci_lo": null,597 "ci_hi": null,598 "page": 20,599 "confidence": "medium",600 "notes": "Local crime rate (printed as %); scale not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -0.31, Q1 -0.08, Q3 0.1, max 0.68; no standard error reported"601 },602 {603 "model_id": "T5-c1",604 "var_name_printed": "Low Income (%)",605 "taxonomy_id": "income",606 "x_transform": "level",607 "x_unit": "share",608 "beta": -0.28,609 "se": null,610 "t": null,611 "p": null,612 "p_stars": "",613 "ci_lo": null,614 "ci_hi": null,615 "page": 20,616 "confidence": "medium",617 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the low-income group (2016 census); printed as % but magnitude of coefficient suggests a 0-1 proportion; authors read -0.187 as -0.2 per cent; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -7.2, Q1 -0.38, Q3 -0.16, max 5.0; no standard error reported"618 },619 {620 "model_id": "T5-c1",621 "var_name_printed": "Middle Income (%)",622 "taxonomy_id": "income",623 "x_transform": "level",624 "x_unit": "share",625 "beta": -0.18,626 "se": null,627 "t": null,628 "p": null,629 "p_stars": "",630 "ci_lo": null,631 "ci_hi": null,632 "page": 20,633 "confidence": "medium",634 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the middle-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -6.6, Q1 -0.31, Q3 -0.067, max 5.4; no standard error reported"635 },636 {637 "model_id": "T5-c1",638 "var_name_printed": "High Income (%)",639 "taxonomy_id": "income",640 "x_transform": "level",641 "x_unit": "share",642 "beta": 1.7,643 "se": null,644 "t": null,645 "p": null,646 "p_stars": "",647 "ci_lo": null,648 "ci_hi": null,649 "page": 20,650 "confidence": "medium",651 "notes": "Share of SA1 population in the high-income group; printed as %, scale not stated; authors read 2.51 as 2.5 per cent; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -4.5, Q1 1.5, Q3 1.8, max 7.7; no standard error reported"652 },653 {654 "model_id": "T5-c1",655 "var_name_printed": "Accessibility Score",656 "taxonomy_id": "employment_access",657 "x_transform": "level",658 "x_unit": "index",659 "beta": 0.00033,660 "se": null,661 "t": null,662 "p": null,663 "p_stars": "",664 "ci_lo": null,665 "ci_hi": null,666 "page": 20,667 "confidence": "medium",668 "notes": "Gravity-model employment accessibility score standardised to 0-1; GWR summary: beta = median of local coefficients; min -0.78, Q1 -0.28, Q3 0.57, max 1.1; no standard error reported"669 }670 ]671}