1{2 "record_id": "1076844f99e9f35c7768a4e64f2c167ab26b5afd",3 "eligible": true,4 "exclusion_reason": null,5 "study": {6 "title": "Predicting Housing Prices in Riyadh: A Comparative Analysis on Machine Learning and Hedonic Regression",7 "year": 2025,8 "doi": "10.64389/isp.2025.01220",9 "country": "Saudi Arabia",10 "region_city": "Riyadh (five districts: North, South, West, East, Central)",11 "sample_start": 2024,12 "sample_end": 2024,13 "property_type": "mixed",14 "price_type": "listing",15 "data_source": "Aqar real estate platform (sa.aqar.fm) listings collected in Q3 2024; 2,997 residential units (apartments and villas)",16 "document_type": "journal",17 "estimators": [18 "OLS"19 ],20 "spatial_method": "district dummies only",21 "time_fe": false,22 "location_fe": true,23 "se_type": "OLS",24 "n_obs_total": 2997,25 "ai_methods": [26 "ANN (MLP, predictive comparison)",27 "random_forest (predictive comparison, feature importance)"28 ],29 "notes": "Semi-log OLS hedonic regression (ln listing price). Table 2 (p. 9) prints B, Std. Error, t, Sig. (p-value), Tolerance, VIF. N not printed in Table 2; text (p. 8) says training data (70 %, N=2,097) were used to fit the models and Table 3 gives training R2 0.8178 / test R2 0.8034. District dummies (North/South/West/Central vs East) treated as location fixed effects and not extracted. Building type reference = villa. Breusch-Pagan p=0.13, classical OLS SEs. ANN and RF results are predictive metrics only (Tables 4-7)."30 },31 "models": [32 {33 "model_id": "T2-c1",34 "table": "2",35 "column": "1",36 "page": 9,37 "dep_var": "ln listing price (SAR)",38 "dep_transform": "log",39 "estimator": "OLS",40 "n_obs": 2097,41 "r2": 0.8178,42 "se_or_t_in_parentheses": "se",43 "sample_subset": "70 % training split (N=2,097 per Table 3, not printed in Table 2); R2 = training R-squared from Table 3; full dataset 2,997"44 }45 ],46 "coefficients": [47 {48 "model_id": "T2-c1",49 "var_name_printed": "Building Type",50 "taxonomy_id": "dwelling_type",51 "x_transform": "dummy",52 "x_unit": "binary",53 "beta": -0.473,54 "se": 0.022,55 "t": -21.673,56 "p": 0.0,57 "p_stars": "",58 "ci_lo": null,59 "ci_hi": null,60 "page": 9,61 "confidence": "high",62 "notes": "apartment indicator, reference = villa"63 },64 {65 "model_id": "T2-c1",66 "var_name_printed": "Bed Room",67 "taxonomy_id": "bedrooms",68 "x_transform": "level",69 "x_unit": "count",70 "beta": 0.012,71 "se": 0.004,72 "t": 2.837,73 "p": 0.005,74 "p_stars": "",75 "ci_lo": null,76 "ci_hi": null,77 "page": 9,78 "confidence": "high",79 "notes": "number of bedrooms"80 },81 {82 "model_id": "T2-c1",83 "var_name_printed": "Living Room",84 "taxonomy_id": null,85 "x_transform": "level",86 "x_unit": "count",87 "beta": 0.045,88 "se": 0.008,89 "t": 5.349,90 "p": 0.0,91 "p_stars": "",92 "ci_lo": null,93 "ci_hi": null,94 "page": 9,95 "confidence": "high",96 "notes": "number of living rooms; no taxonomy leaf"97 },98 {99 "model_id": "T2-c1",100 "var_name_printed": "Bathroom",101 "taxonomy_id": "bathrooms",102 "x_transform": "level",103 "x_unit": "count",104 "beta": 0.03,105 "se": 0.006,106 "t": 5.007,107 "p": 0.0,108 "p_stars": "",109 "ci_lo": null,110 "ci_hi": null,111 "page": 9,112 "confidence": "high",113 "notes": "number of bathrooms"114 },115 {116 "model_id": "T2-c1",117 "var_name_printed": "Kitchen",118 "taxonomy_id": "kitchen_quality",119 "x_transform": "level",120 "x_unit": "count",121 "beta": -0.005,122 "se": 0.019,123 "t": -0.259,124 "p": 0.795,125 "p_stars": "",126 "ci_lo": null,127 "ci_hi": null,128 "page": 9,129 "confidence": "medium",130 "notes": "number of kitchens (count, not quality); mapped to kitchen_quality by synonym only"131 },132 {133 "model_id": "T2-c1",134 "var_name_printed": "Size",135 "taxonomy_id": "living_area",136 "x_transform": "level",137 "x_unit": "m2",138 "beta": 0.002,139 "se": 0,140 "t": 27.336,141 "p": 0.0,142 "p_stars": "",143 "ci_lo": null,144 "ci_hi": null,145 "page": 9,146 "confidence": "medium",147 "notes": "size in square metres; printed SE is 0 (rounded to 3 decimals)"148 },149 {150 "model_id": "T2-c1",151 "var_name_printed": "Street Wide",152 "taxonomy_id": null,153 "x_transform": "level",154 "x_unit": "m",155 "beta": 0.001,156 "se": 0.001,157 "t": 1.468,158 "p": 0.142,159 "p_stars": "",160 "ci_lo": null,161 "ci_hi": null,162 "page": 9,163 "confidence": "high",164 "notes": "street width (presumably metres); no taxonomy leaf"165 },166 {167 "model_id": "T2-c1",168 "var_name_printed": "Floor",169 "taxonomy_id": "floor_level",170 "x_transform": "level",171 "x_unit": "count",172 "beta": -0.022,173 "se": 0.006,174 "t": -3.599,175 "p": 0.0,176 "p_stars": "",177 "ci_lo": null,178 "ci_hi": null,179 "page": 9,180 "confidence": "high",181 "notes": "floor number (0-10)"182 },183 {184 "model_id": "T2-c1",185 "var_name_printed": "Age",186 "taxonomy_id": "age",187 "x_transform": "level",188 "x_unit": "years",189 "beta": -0.007,190 "se": 0.001,191 "t": -5.051,192 "p": 0.0,193 "p_stars": "",194 "ci_lo": null,195 "ci_hi": null,196 "page": 9,197 "confidence": "high",198 "notes": "age of building in years (0-20)"199 },200 {201 "model_id": "T2-c1",202 "var_name_printed": "Entrance Number",203 "taxonomy_id": null,204 "x_transform": "level",205 "x_unit": "count",206 "beta": 0.047,207 "se": 0.016,208 "t": 2.972,209 "p": 0.003,210 "p_stars": "",211 "ci_lo": null,212 "ci_hi": null,213 "page": 9,214 "confidence": "high",215 "notes": "number of entrances (1-2); no taxonomy leaf"216 },217 {218 "model_id": "T2-c1",219 "var_name_printed": "Elevator",220 "taxonomy_id": "accessibility",221 "x_transform": "dummy",222 "x_unit": "binary",223 "beta": 0.065,224 "se": 0.011,225 "t": 5.861,226 "p": 0.0,227 "p_stars": "",228 "ci_lo": null,229 "ci_hi": null,230 "page": 9,231 "confidence": "high",232 "notes": "presence of an elevator"233 }234 ]235}